Articles tagged with Colleges
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The review article reveals striking sex differences in heart failure risk factors and patient prognosis between men and women. Women tend to develop HF at an older age with stronger hearts, while men are more likely to have coronary artery disease as the underlying cause.
Researchers have discovered significant differences in the quality of bone-like materials grown from different types of bone cells and stem cells. The study provides insight into how cell sources influence bone quality and brings us closer to developing materials for successful implantation.
A study by Oxford University suggests that students with vocational backgrounds are underrepresented in prestigious institutions, facing difficulties in balancing academic work and family commitments. The research highlights the need for tailored support mechanisms to address these challenges and promote fairness of access in higher ed...
A new study by Weill Cornell Medical School researchers highlights the importance of quick detection and treatment in defense against anthrax attacks. Delays beyond three days could overwhelm hospitals with critically ill people, necessitating powerful antibiotic treatments.
The American College of Clinical Pharmacology warns of the lack of supervision in direct-to-consumer genetic testing, emphasizing the need for clinical pharmacologists to educate patients on potential risks and limitations. Effective government regulation and professional guidance are crucial to ensure safe and informed decision-making.
A national survey of US surgeons found that women are more likely to postpone childbearing or not have children due to work demands. The study suggests that flexible work schedules and on-site childcare facilities could help attract and retain female surgeons.
A new study by Wake Forest University School of Medicine reveals that 83% of undergraduate college students in the United States reported being exposed to secondhand smoke at least once in the past week. The study found correlations between exposure and demographics, lifestyle habits, and smoking behaviors.
A €3 million EU grant will support an international research project on hospital quality and safety in European countries. The study, starting in 2010, aims to explore the relationships between organisational and cultural characteristics of hospitals and their impact on clinical effectiveness, patient safety, and experience.
A new study by Ana Valenzuela, Barbara Mellers, and Judi Strebel found that Westerner consumers are more receptive to unexpected promotional gifts than their East Asian counterparts. East Asians tend to view surprises as indicative of bad fortune, leading to a different emotional response.
The University of Illinois Chicago's Center for Clinical and Translational Science has received a five-year, $20 million NIH grant to accelerate translational research. The center will facilitate collaborations among researchers, community partners, and national peers to move basic science findings into clinical trials.
The University of Florida has been awarded nearly $26 million to speed up the transformation of scientific discoveries into medical advances. The grant will support multidisciplinary research in various fields, including biomedical informatics and gene therapy.
A survey of surgical residents found that nearly half consider duty hour regulations a significant barrier to their education. Senior residents are more likely to desire longer work hours than restrictions allow.
New research reveals that African American patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are experiencing improved survival rates, thanks to better diagnosis and surgical treatment. Prior to 2000, racial disparities in survival rates were significant, but recent improvements have closed the gap.
A study found that transforming growth factor B1 (TGF-B1) is higher in blacks compared to whites, increasing the risk of hypertension and renal disease. Higher levels of TGF-B1 are also linked to body mass index and metabolic syndrome.
Research by University of Arizona College of Pharmacy found that prescribers identify only 42.7% of drug interactions correctly. This highlights the need for better education and awareness about potential drug-drug interactions among health professionals.
DNA exists in a slightly underwound state, and its status changes in waves generated by normal cell functions such as replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. The researchers found that DNA can be underwound to the point where one of two bases flips out, relieving stress on the molecule.
Individuals with higher levels of education and significant impairment by Parkinson's disease require treatment earlier than others. Higher education is independently associated with an increased need for symptomatic treatment.
A team of scientists, led by Dr. James Adovasio, is searching for evidence of human occupation in the Gulf of Mexico, dating back over 12,000 years. The researchers are exploring submerged sites using remotely operated vehicles and divers to collect artifacts and animal fossils.
A recent study by Loyola Medicine found that unfavorable work conditions contribute to low job satisfaction among primary care physicians. Adverse workflow environments are linked to burnout, stress, and a desire to leave the profession.
Boston College has been awarded $11.5M to conduct the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011, a global assessment of fourth and eighth-grade student math and science achievement. The study's findings will help nations and states compare their children's math and science achievement with others.
A Virginia Tech researcher has solved the mystery of the Bourret's horseshoe bat's unusually large nose, discovering it uses the elongated snout to create a highly focused sonar beam. The study provides insights into the evolution of biological shape and its physical function.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has named its 2009 cohort of Executive Nurse Fellows, a group of 20 nurse leaders from across the US who will receive leadership development and training to improve healthcare delivery. The fellows are tasked with developing innovative new initiatives to improve patient outcomes and health reform.
A pilot study has confirmed that children with autism require smaller group teaching settings due to difficulties in understanding speech in noisy environments. The research suggests a delay of almost five years in developing multisensory abilities compared to typically developing children.
A study published in Science found that changing winter conditions are causing Scotland's wild Soay sheep to get smaller. The researchers suggest that this is an ecological response to environmental variation over the last 25 years, rather than evolutionary change.
A new international partnership aims to improve African institutions' capacity to detect infectious diseases affecting humans and animals. The Southern African Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance (SACIDS) will develop courses, research skills, and biosafety systems to tackle major livestock and wildlife diseases.
Researchers at Penn State's Center for Network-Centric Cognition and Information Fusion are working on a $1.2 million MURI grant to develop unified research on network-based hard/soft information fusion. The team will use data from various sources, including cell phones and social media sites, to improve data fusion capabilities.
A new study by researchers from Université de Montréal's Louis-H. Lafontaine Hospital-Fernand-Seguin Research Centre and McGill University Health Centre found that only a small percentage of individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder received treatment, while many others reported symptoms but did not seek help due to fea...
The British Medical Association (BMA) and Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) have endorsed the Wellcome Trust's guidelines for using patient records in medical research. The guidelines prioritize patient confidentiality, advocate for patients' rights, and promote public awareness and understanding of record use in research.
A new gene variant linked to increased risk of obesity has been discovered, affecting the central nervous system and leading to a 10-15% higher likelihood of being obese. The study examined data from eight studies involving genes and body weight, analyzing over two million genome regions.
A University of Minnesota study found that environmental cues trigger delayed reproduction to prolong lifespan and increase genetic impact. This discovery has significant implications for understanding human aging and developing strategies to improve health.
A minimum alcohol price of 50 pence per unit could lead to a significant reduction in hospital admissions, with estimates suggesting 100,000 fewer cases per year in England. This policy change is expected to decrease consumption among underage and heavy drinkers while increasing moderate drinkers' spending slightly.
The American Le Mans Series has introduced a green racing initiative, awarding prizes to the fastest cars producing the smallest environmental footprint. The concept aims to accelerate innovation in everyday life, reducing dependence on foreign oil.
A study of 5,434 patient records found that physicians failed to report clinically significant abnormal test results in nearly one in every 14 cases. Implementing simple processes such as routing all test results to the responsible physician and documenting patient notification can greatly lessen error rates.
Research at Rush University Medical Center found that less frequent social participation is associated with a faster loss of motor function in older adults. The study, which followed 906 participants for five years, revealed that each one-point decrease in social activity was linked to a 33% more rapid decline.
Research from Washington University School of Medicine found substantial reductions in binge drinking nationwide, but not on college campuses. Binge drinking rates declined among young men and minority groups, but remained unchanged or increased among female collegians.
The trend of open-source academic publishing is changing the way textbooks are created and distributed. As more authors self-publish their work, it raises essential questions about how to fairly compensate them for their time and effort.
Researchers found subtle seizures may prolong recovery and worsen outcome among ICU patients, emphasizing the importance of continuous EEG monitoring. The studies suggest treating clinically silent seizures with anti-seizure medications may help prevent neuronal damage and improve patient outcomes.
A recent government study reveals a rise in college drinking problems, including heavy episodic drinking, drunk driving, and alcohol-related deaths. The study found that these issues are particularly prevalent among students aged 21-24.
A series of studies published in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs found that college prevention programs can effectively reduce heavy episodic drinking and other alcohol-related problems. The programs included counseling for individual students, neighborhood-based initiatives, and community engagement efforts.
A new study suggests that college-community cooperation programs can help reduce heavy episodic drinking, with a Western Washington University program showing a decline in student binge drinking. The findings highlight the importance of collaboration between colleges and their surrounding neighborhoods to combat problem drinking.
Researchers found that brief motivational interviews and one-on-one counseling programs significantly reduced heavy drinking and improved behavior among high-risk students. Community-based initiatives, such as increased police patrols and online alcohol policies, also showed promise in reducing off-campus incidents involving students.
A new study by researchers at Rush University Medical Center found that possessing a greater purpose in life is associated with lower mortality rates among older adults. The study used data from 1,238 community-dwelling elderly participants and found a substantially reduced risk of mortality among those with high purpose in life.
Researchers at King's College London discovered a key element in the development of chronic asthma, linking airway remodelling to muscle cell changes. The study found that reducing SERCA2 levels in airway muscle cells may lead to effective new treatments for severe asthma.
Despite progress, women still face underrepresentation in senior academic roles and limited flexible working support. The medical profession should be secure with a merit-based selection process, providing a larger talent pool for both women and men.
A new risk calculator developed by the American College of Surgeons can help surgeons provide patients with more detailed preoperative information about the risk of death and complications following colorectal surgery. The tool considers both patient and hospital factors, improving resource planning and informed decision making.
A new study finds that an air traffic control tracking method significantly reduces errors in trauma management, with improved accuracy in recording critical patient data. The system also enhances hospital capacity management and real-time resource allocation.
Research reveals that clearing the Amazon rainforest brings initial improvements in income and quality of life for Brazilian communities, but these gains are short-lived. The study suggests that levels of development revert back to below national average levels once natural resources are exploited and deforestation expands.
Jay Pasachoff's review article highlights the importance of ground-based solar eclipses for observing unique phenomena. The upcoming total solar eclipse on July 22 will allow scientists to advance our understanding of the solar atmosphere and make important observations.
Researchers identified prokineticin 2 as an appetite suppressant that works in rodents and may be used to develop an effective weight loss therapy. The molecule reduced hunger and led to significant weight loss of almost 5 percent in lean and obese mice.
A zero-tolerance policy towards underage alcohol use in the home may significantly reduce the likelihood of college students binge drinking, according to a study by Caitlin Abar. The study found that students whose parents did not permit them to drink underage were less likely to engage in heavy drinking, regardless of gender.
A study found that evening chronotypes are associated with poorer sleep hygiene and lower academic performance in high school students. These students tend to perform worse in college, with a significantly lower first-year GPA compared to morning and intermediate types.
A study by researchers at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center has found no statistically significant increase in hypospadias rates in New York State during the 1992-2005 period, contradicting earlier concerns about environmental chemicals. Maternal age is a significant risk factor for the birth defect.
Physician-scientists presented new research on minimizing steroid exposure for liver transplant patients with hepatitis C, hypothermic machine perfusion vs. cold storage for preserving donor livers, and the effectiveness of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in predicting colorectal liver metastases. The studies aimed to improve patient outco...
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified the FOXF1 transcription factor gene as responsible for a rare and deadly developmental disorder of the lungs, alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. The discovery may lead to easier diagnosis and counseling for families affected by the disease.
A new study using SmartPill capsules found that patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis have more acidic conditions in their colons compared to healthy individuals. This discovery may impact the effectiveness of mesalamine treatments, which rely on specific pH levels for release.
A new software system is being developed to improve flood forecasting and risk analysis, addressing the need for reliable warning systems and uncertainty assessment. The project aims to provide benefits to industries, governments, and citizens in the UK and China, particularly in light of climate change's impact on extreme floods.
A University of Iowa study found that hospitalized patients overestimate their chances of surviving in-hospital cardiac arrest and often misinterpret CPR procedures. The study suggests that doctors should improve patient education on CPR and 'do not resuscitate' orders to ensure informed decision-making.
The DuraHeart system is designed for severe left-ventricular heart failure, helping patients sustain life while awaiting a heart transplant. The device, developed by Terumo Heart Inc., has been successfully implanted in three US patients.
New research published by King's College London reveals that experiencing 'cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment' (CIDT) is associated with higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than physical torture. Survivors reported an average of 21 stressor events during detention or captivity, highlighting the severity of CIDT.
Weill Cornell Medical College has received a $100,000 Grand Challenges Explorations grant to study the dormant state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The project aims to understand how it protects itself from the body's natural defenses and develop a drug target to break through its protective shield.