Articles tagged with Colleges
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Penn State College of Medicine have discovered an enzyme called meprin that plays a key role in the severity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The study found that mice lacking meprin had more severe intestinal damage, indicating that meprin reduces inflammation.
The centre will analyse environmental factors affecting the UK population, focusing on vulnerable groups and potential health risks such as respiratory problems, heart disease, and cancer. Researchers aim to measure the effects of pollutants on human health using new tools and methods.
Researchers found that doctors who treat patients with complex conditions provide high-quality care, even better than expected. This suggests that pay-for-performance initiatives may not penalize healthcare providers for caring for the sickest patients.
A study by the Medical College of Wisconsin found that young female professional dancers face similar health risks as female athletes due to inadequate nutrition and menstrual irregularities. The researchers studied 22 ballerinas and found that 36% had disordered eating habits, 27% were amenorrheic, and 23% had low bone density.
A study at Ohio State University found that roommate assignments are crucial in fostering interracial friendships among college students. White students increased their number of interracial friends during their first year, while black students showed a slight decrease. The results support the idea that
Researchers at UF have developed gene therapy that restores the faulty enzyme for glycogen storage disease type 1A, allowing dogs to survive for extended periods without glucose supplementation. The treated dog, born with the deadly disease, is now 20 months old and healthy after receiving precise doses of cornstarch every few hours.
A new study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers estimates that after five years of staying clean, an individual with a criminal record is no greater risk of committing another crime. The study suggests it may be safe to hire ex-offenders with clean records, providing employers with data to inform their hiring decisions.
A landmark study published in NEJM found that paclitaxel-eluting stents significantly reduce target lesion revascularization and binary angiographic restenosis rates compared to bare-metal stents. The study showed a lower rate of ischemia-driven target-lesion revascularization at 12 months with the use of paclitaxel-eluting stents.
A phase I clinical trial of Zyflamend, a novel herbal therapy, demonstrates its safety and tolerability in men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), a precursor to prostate cancer. The study confirms that Zyflamend is well-tolerated when administered orally for up to 18 months.
A recent study found that frequent extreme heavy drinkers, particularly those with a sensation-seeking disposition, face a heightened risk of alcohol-related injuries. The study analyzed data from over 12,900 college students and discovered a significant correlation between excessive drinking patterns and increased injury rates.
Researchers discuss a combined approach to maximize the benefits of stem cell therapy while minimizing risks. Gene therapy has the potential to solve the problem of wayward stem cells wreaking havoc after transplantation by genetically modifying them prior to use.
A University of Georgia study found that a lower legal drinking age is associated with an increased risk of unplanned pregnancies and pre-term births. The study suggests that when it's easier for young people to get alcohol, birth outcomes are worse.
A new vaginal ring has been designed to prevent both HIV transmission and unintended pregnancy, offering a non-hormonal alternative to existing methods. The device combines multiple antiviral drugs and compounds that arrest sperm motility, making it a promising solution for empowering women to protect themselves.
Obese heart disease patients tend to respond well to treatment and have better short- and long-term prognosis than leaner counterparts. However, the exact mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unclear, and more research is needed to understand the relationship between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes.
The study found a decrease in facial fracture incidence over the years, likely due to advancements in vehicle safety features. Individuals restrained with seat belts alone or with airbags were less likely to sustain facial fractures, highlighting the importance of restraint use in injury prevention.
The American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) recognizes Joseph Felsenstein, Robert T. Pennock, Bruce Alberts, Michael Pollan, Rita Colwell, and Chip Rowe for their significant positive contributions to the field of biology. The awards are presented to individuals who have made substantial scientific or educational impact.
A study by the Academy of Finland found that up to 20% of female upper secondary school students experience school burnout, characterized by feelings of inadequacy and cynicism. In contrast, enthusiasm for school is a protective factor, predicting successful transitions to further education.
A new study from the University of Leicester warns that government efforts to widen participation in UK universities may be overstating the value of higher education at the expense of other ambitions. Dr Gavin Brown found that policies focus on 'raising' aspirations, but should instead broaden young people's horizons and consider emoti...
A new study in Journal of Consumer Research finds that process-oriented thinking can increase decision difficulty and hinder consumers' motivation. This type of thinking involves considering both means and end benefits when making purchases, leading to more difficult choices.
The American College of Medical Genetics emphasizes the value of residual newborn screening dried blood spots in improving child health. The statement supports the storage and use of these spots to enhance newborn screening programs nationwide, while maintaining privacy and confidentiality.
Two Boston College physicists will lead a multi-university project to develop solid-state materials that transfer solar energy to electricity, with funding from the US Department of Energy. The project aims to reduce the cost of solar electricity generation and increase energy efficiency.
Researchers identified small steps healthcare providers can take to improve compliance with immunization appointments, such as discussing vaccine importance and having open lines of communication. A significant association was found between missed visits and under-immunization, highlighting the need for educational campaigns and online...
A consortium of 29 EU and Chinese institutions will review TCM research, proposing guidelines and priority areas for future studies. The project aims to harmonize Western and Chinese approaches to medicinal therapeutics.
A new study published in the Journal of Neuroscience reveals that a person's susceptibility to biased economic decision-making is influenced by their genetic make-up. The research found that variation in the serotonin transporter gene affects how individuals respond to framing effects, with those carrying the 'short' variant being more...
New research highlights large disparities in breast cancer care and treatment for African-American women, with a significantly lower five-year survival rate compared to Caucasian women. Socioeconomic barriers also hinder access to advanced treatments.
Biologists at CCNY and CSHL found that zebra finches isolated as juveniles produce songs similar to those sung by the species in the wild after multiple generations. The findings suggest that culture is encoded in birds, with traits emerging through evolutionary processes.
A study published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery found that 96 percent of cementless metal components remained securely fixed in place after 20 years. The implants showed promise, especially for younger patients, but wear-related problems were more common among those under 60.
Researchers are developing a strategic approach to studying metastasis, targeting the molecular and cellular players that mediate changes at future sites of metastasis. This could lead to new cancer treatments that target each step along the metastatic pathway.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that invagination of the pancreas into the small intestine after pancreaticoduodenectomy lowers the rate of pancreatic fistula. The study compared two reconnection procedures and showed a significant reduction in fistula development with invagination.
Scientists have discovered two biomarkers that may indicate the presence of smoking-related lung injury and cardiovascular side effects of COX-2 inhibitors. Elevated levels of PGE-M and LTE4 in urine could lead to earlier detection and treatment, reducing the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart problems.
Research at Rush University Medical Center found a strong correlation between depression and visceral fat, particularly among overweight and obese women. The study suggests that depression triggers the accumulation of visceral fat through chemical changes in the body.
The researcher will explore bystander passivity in school bullying, investigating how children misjudge their peers' failure to help as evidence of tolerance for bullying. The study's findings could inform the content of classroom-based intervention programs.
Physicists at University of Bristol and Imperial College London develop new method using 'spooky action' to identify quantum black boxes, overcoming fundamental limitations. This breakthrough has significant implications for future quantum computing and information science.
A study by American College of Radiology found that educating physicians about ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scanning reduced patient radiation exposure from 11.5 mSv in 2006 to 8.9 mSv in 2007. VQ scanning is now preferred for patients with normal chest x-rays suspected of having pulmonary embolism.
Young students from low-income families who were told about need-based financial-aid opportunities performed better academically and planned more study time. However, this positive effect was limited for those with lower grades, highlighting the importance of early exposure to financial aid information.
A new study by University of Miami researchers found that physical attractiveness, personality, and grooming have a significant impact on high school grades. Grooming is the strongest predictor for boys, while personality is more important for girls.
Research at Duke University found that adding healthy options to menus can have the opposite effect, causing consumers with high self-control to make drastically worse choices. The study suggests that significant effort is needed from both food service providers and customers to promote healthy behaviors.
A new grant-funded workshop series aims to recruit Ph.D.-level women scientists and engineers from industry into academic positions. Senior academics will provide guidance on job application, interviewing, and start-up negotiations.
The American College of Physicians has released a guidebook and DVD to assist patients in managing high blood pressure, a condition that increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems. The resource provides information on causes, risk factors, and lifestyle changes to control hypertension.
The UH initiative aims to instill passion and creativity in middle school students through interactive lessons inspired by Harry Potter. The program, funded by a $3 million NSF grant, pairs graduate students with teachers to train them on nanosciences topics.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) allows inexperienced surgeons to learn and perform suturing more efficiently than traditional methods. The study showed RALS resulted in shorter procedural times and improved outcomes compared to freehand laparos...
A study in Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that surgical education programs are increasingly hiring physician assistants and nurse practitioners (PEs) to alleviate administrative burdens on residents. PEs were utilized mostly for procedural and administrative duties, with nearly 80% of programs having at least one PE.
A team of MSU researchers will support the creation of a standard curriculum for four-year baccalaureate education degrees at Pakistani universities. The goal is to improve teacher training and skills, addressing low literacy rates and negative perceptions of teaching as a career.
A study suggests that drinking low-sodium vegetable juice daily can lead to better weight loss results for overweight individuals with metabolic syndrome. Participants who consumed the juice lost an average of four pounds over 12 weeks, compared to one pound for those who did not drink juice.
A new course at Ohio State University has been shown to increase the odds of college graduation for struggling first-year students, with those taking the class being 45% more likely to graduate within six years. The course teaches skills such as risk-taking and using feedback to improve academic performance.
A University of Houston research team is helping NASA develop a navigation system to track and direct explorers on the moon. The system must be adaptable, robust and provide accurate information despite sensor failures or changes in input data.
Researchers are implementing a wireless monitoring system for analyzing the safety of older bridges, utilizing wind and structural vibrations as its sources of power. The project aims to provide real-time data on bridge health, enabling proactive repairs and extending bridge lifespan.
Researchers at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Hospital found hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) to be as safe and effective as standard laparoscopy. The procedure allows for a human touch, facilitating complex surgical maneuvers and reducing post-operative complications.
The American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB) awarded 15 students with the 2009 Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship to conduct meaningful research in plant biology. The fellowship recipients included Kevin Cooper, Ying Goh, Sharon Holifield, Emily Lin, Dianne Pater, Evan Pratt, and Shelley Sianta, among others.
The College Board's SAT test sends a confusing message to students, teachers, and schools, as it features esoteric items rarely encountered in the classroom. In response, Richard C. Atkinson proposes dropping the SAT in favor of curriculum-based achievement tests in UC admissions.
Researchers aim to understand how sensory integration goes awry in autism and its implications for clinical management. They will compare multisensory integration in subjects with autism to healthy control subjects using high-density electrical recordings.
Patients with heart disease who develop depression are at a greater risk for heart failure, with a two-fold increased incidence. Antidepressant therapy did not appear to lower this risk, suggesting that depression may be an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes.
Udayan Mohanty, a physical chemist at Boston College, received a 2009 Guggenheim Fellowship to study rare chemical reactions using new computational models. He aims to discover unknown reaction pathways, particularly those surrounding DNA and RNA behavior.
A novel gene fusion, SLC45A3-ELK4, is highly expressed in prostate cancers and detectable in urine. This biomarker may help distinguish clinically significant from indolent disease.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have developed a simple and accurate test to detect and quantify ricin, an extremely potent toxin. The assay detects small amounts of ricin more accurately and faster than ever before, paving the way for discovering drugs that could serve as antidotes.
Researchers from University College London have developed a new device to enable people living with HIV to monitor their own health and treatment effectiveness. The device uses nano-cantilever arrays to measure HIV markers, providing patients with clear, immediate advice on their condition.
Dr. Kathy M. Chun, Director of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics at North York General Hospital, is the recipient of the 2009 Signature Genomic Laboratories Travel Award. The award recognizes outstanding young researchers in medical genetics and covers travel costs to the ACMG meeting.
Dr. Jonathan Berg received the inaugural Richard King Trainee Award for his publication on microduplications in the 22q11.2 region. The award recognizes the utility of array CGH technology in identifying genomic imbalances and its impact on defining molecular etiology and clinical phenotypes.
Dr. Margarita Saenz, a Medical Genetics Fellow, has been awarded the Genzyme/American College of Medical Genetics Foundation Clinical Genetics Fellowship in Biochemical Genetics. This fellowship supports clinicians in biochemical genetics and diagnosis of metabolic diseases.
Researchers found that women with severe mental illness are more likely to have been abused in childhood than the general population, with a twofold increased risk compared to healthy women. In contrast, no such association was found in men.