Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study by the Pan-European Heat-Shield project found that 7 out of 10 European workers suffer from dehydration due to failure to maintain water balance, negatively impacting cognitive function and motor performance. This threatens both safety and productivity in various occupations.
The European Joint Programme and Goethe University will develop tools to integrate and standardize patient data for rare disease research. The university will receive the largest funding sum of all participating German institutions, with a focus on developing open-source registration platforms.
A study by the University of Leeds highlights inconsistencies in European national diet surveys, leaving many countries' nutrient intakes unknown. The research found that only a third of European countries have robust reporting on child and adolescent nutrient intakes, making it difficult to design and monitor nutritional policies.
Researchers argue that traditional trait-based approaches are insufficient for understanding personality dynamics and variation over time. A new dynamic view of personality traits and disorders may provide more guidance for intervention, helping individuals with personality disorders improve their lives.
A study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology found that higher vitamin D levels are associated with better exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants with higher vitamin D levels had a 4.3-fold higher fitness level compared to those with lower levels.
The OpenSuperQ project aims to develop a 100-qubit quantum computer with applications in chemistry and materials science. The consortium will establish close links with European and international research and industry players to maximize the project's impact.
Researchers found biomarkers of nicotine in 1,200-year-old stone pipes from the Columbia River Basin, challenging the idea that bearberry was the main ritual smoke plant. The discovery establishes a history of ritual tobacco use in the interior Pacific Northwest, informing education and smoking abatement programs.
Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute will receive funding for projects developing quantum technologies with applications in secure communication, supercomputing, and precision measurements. The EU's Flagship program aims to create a 'quantum internet' with unbreakable communication.
Professor Ted Charsley, a leading authority on thermal analysis, received the prestigious David Dollimore ESTAC Award at the 12th European Symposium on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. He was recognized for his outstanding contributions to the field of thermal analysis and calorimetry.
A new study by Meredith G. F. Worthen explores the relationship between social contact, social distancing, and attitudes towards lesbian, gay, and transgender individuals globally. The research reveals that simple measures of knowing LGT people no longer correlate with supportive attitudes in liberal cultural climates.
The European Research Council has awarded EUR 250 million in Synergy Grants to 27 research groups, bringing together complementary skills and knowledge to address cutting-edge research problems. The grants aim to facilitate transformative research that crosses disciplinary boundaries and yields groundbreaking scientific results.
A new EU-funded project, EXPLO, aims to uncover the dynamics and causes of prehistoric land use change in the cradle of European farming. By integrating underwater archeology with ecological and climate science methods, researchers hope to understand how early farmers adapted to changing environmental conditions.
A new study found that meat and dairy products are responsible for 75% of greenhouse gas emissions from EU diets. Reducing consumption of these food groups can help mitigate climate change.
Research reveals a 6% annual increase in European colorectal cancer incidence rates among adults aged 20-39 years between 2008 and 2016. This trend is driven by increased risk factors such as sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and poor diets.
A global study found microplastics in every single stool sample from eight countries, with up to nine different types identified. The presence of microplastics may affect human health through bioaccumulation and transmission of toxic chemicals.
A study suggests that heart patients should interrupt sedentary time every 20 minutes with a 7 minute bout of light physical activity to expend 770 kcal, associated with a lower risk of premature death. Regular physical activity is key to achieving a healthy life.
A study found huge variations in time between European countries to reach health technology assessment decisions on new cancer drugs, with some taking over a year. The average decision time was longer than one year in England and Scotland compared to Germany and France.
People who daily commute through natural environments show improved mental health, with active commuting showing stronger benefits. The study, PHENOTYPE, analyzed over 3,600 participants from Europe, finding a 2.74-point higher score for those commuting daily.
A University of Kent study compared Democratic Republic Congo and Nepal's experiences with Security Sector Reform (SSR) policies based on European templates. The findings highlight the need to acknowledge context-specific factors for successful SSR policies.
Research finds a strong correlation between time spent under communism and increased alcohol intake, particularly among women. Long-term effects of communist regimes on drinking habits persist even after the Soviet Union's collapse.
The study found that Andean populations adapted to agriculture and high-altitude environments differently from other global populations. They experienced significant population reduction after European contact, while also showing selection for immune-related genes.
A recent study reveals that TB resistance mutations evolved independently in various regions multiple times, with little international dissemination. This finding has significant implications for tuberculosis management and treatment, suggesting localized efforts could be successful.
A new study reveals that Lineage 4 TB emerged in Europe around 1,000 years ago and spread globally with European explorers and colonialists. The study found that drug-resistant strains of Lineage 4 TB have hardly spread beyond their country of origin, suggesting a regional challenge to control.
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) has launched a global initiative to integrate supportive and palliative care into cancer treatment. Twenty new institutions from Japan, Denmark, Estonia, and Qatar have been recognized as Designated Centres of Integrated Oncology and Palliative Care.
A new study published in Nature found that sustainable forest management can only provide modest, local benefits rather than a significant impact on the global climate. Forests themselves will need to be adapted to climate change to sustain their ecological and social services.
Century-scale climate variability was enhanced when the Earth was warmer during the Last Interglacial period compared to current interglacial conditions. The study reveals series of century-scale arid events in southern Europe and cold water-mass expansions in the North Atlantic.
A new study finds that regular physical activity improves lung function in current smokers, regardless of air pollution levels. The study, led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, analyzed data from over 4,500 people and found that physical activity benefits even in areas with high air pollution.
Only one in three Chinese acute coronary syndrome patients receive cardiac rehabilitation guidance before discharge from hospital. Men are more likely to receive advice than women, but all heart attack patients need cardiac rehabilitation, and targeted efforts are needed to improve provision.
A new study by Duke University and the University of York estimates that long-term ozone exposure in Europe, the USA, and China led to 266,000 premature mortalities in 2015. The research uses observed air quality data instead of chemical transport models, finding smaller human-health impacts compared to prior modeling results.
A ground-breaking UK Biobank paper describes the release of whole genome genetic data from 500,000 participants. This will enable researchers to understand the underlying genetics of disease and interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors.
A European consortium has successfully tested a cutting-edge millimeter wave wireless technology, transmitting data at speeds of up to 10 Gigabit per second in real-world environment. The breakthrough addresses two major 5G challenges: wirelessly connecting new small cells networks and bridging the digital divide in rural areas.
A study found that post-Brexit immigration restrictions would significantly damage the UK's science output and international research reputation. The research also revealed a substantial contribution of European doctors to the UK's healthcare system.
New research shows promise with simulated nerve agents and potentially deadly toxins - the 'molecular baskets' can find and trap them for safe removal, paving the way for future medical applications.
The European Problematic Use of the Internet (EU-PUI) Research Network has identified nine main areas of research to address issues such as problem use, health effects, and cultural influences. The network aims to develop evidence-based proposals for improving prevention and treatment strategies.
Researchers have developed a new technique to measure the magnetic field in the atmosphere, 100 km above the planet, using ground-based lasers. The method provides new insights into space weather and atomic processes.
The ESMO 2018 Congress will feature a wide range of topics including immunotherapy, biomarkers, and prevention. The event will also host the annual congress of the European Oncology Nursing Society and a patient advocacy track emphasizing the central role of patients in securing access to optimal cancer care.
Fossil teeth from Italy's Fontana Fanuccio and Visogliano sites show Neanderthal dental features emerged by 450,000 years ago, adding to the understanding of a period of complex human evolution. The discovery supports an early divergence of the Neanderthal lineage and suggests multiple human lineages inhabited the region.
A team of scientists has detected a faint glow in the Lyman-alpha line across the entire sky, revealing extensive masses of gas around primitive galaxies. This discovery connects previously detected gas feeding galaxies with newly observed Lyman-alpha emission, providing new insights into the universe's infancy.
The European XFEL has obtained the first scientific results from its operation, revealing the structure of an antibiotic-disabling enzyme. The international collaboration used X-ray flashes to obtain flash X-ray exposures of tiny crystals, allowing them to build up the full three-dimensional structure of the biomolecule.
A new study found that younger age at diagnosis, higher body mass index, and a maternal family history of diabetes are associated with faster disease progression in type 2 diabetes. The research used data from the UK BioBank to identify these factors and their impact on disease progression.
The European XFEL has successfully obtained the first scientific results from its X-ray laser, revealing a previously unknown structure of an enzyme responsible for antibiotics resistance. The team achieved this at an unprecedented speed of 220 nanoseconds, outpacing previous X-ray lasers by more than an order of magnitude.
A study by University of Barcelona researchers finds that global warming will increase burned areas due to fires in Mediterranean Europe, with a 40% rise at 1.5°C warming and 100% at 3°C. This calls for rethinking current management strategies and developing climate-fire models to prevent and reduce fire impact.
A new study reveals that cardiac implants in the US are significantly more expensive than those in European countries, with prices ranging from $340 to $4,200 for a single device. The research suggests that health system-level factors contribute to these price differences and may influence hospital incentives to contain costs.
A new study suggests that EU countries are unprepared to rapidly move future Alzheimer's treatment into clinical use due to shortages of medical specialists and infusion capacity. The study estimates that up to 1 million people may be left without access to transformative care if a breakthrough occurs.
A study of 2.5 million babies in 19 European countries found that around one-third of stillbirths occur before 28 weeks of pregnancy but are not officially recognized, with significant gaps in knowledge of the burden of stillbirth. Improvements in reporting and policy can help acknowledge the loss of these parents' children.
Professor Daniel Bellingradt is researching Amsterdam's significance in the European paper industry during the 17th and 18th centuries. He investigates how communication relied on paper goods, trade networks, and recycling practices.
Researchers found WWII bombing raids produced shockwaves strong enough to weaken the ionosphere above the UK, 1000km away. The blasts released energy equivalent to 300 lightning strikes, affecting modern technologies like radio communications and GPS systems.
A survey of over 2,500 respondents found low awareness of urological conditions, particularly among men. Men are less knowledgeable about urological symptoms than women, and many do not take early signs seriously, leading to delayed diagnosis and potentially life-threatening consequences.
Playing golf regularly is associated with increased longevity and reduced risk of heart disease, as well as improved mental health for those with disabilities. To maximize these benefits, golfers should aim to play for 150 minutes a week and prioritize sun protection and injury prevention.
Lyme borreliosis is a vector-borne disease in Europe caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. A recent study found that infection can occur within 24 hours of an adult tick bite and as soon as 12 hours for nymph bites, highlighting the importance of prompt removal of infected ticks.
The European Academy of Cancer Sciences (EACS) has issued a position paper to improve cancer research and care in Europe. The paper emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts between researchers, healthcare systems, and policymakers to decrease cancer incidence and increase cure rates.
A new SLAS Technology special issue showcases life sciences researchers who are using IoT technologies to optimize laboratory systems. The articles explore various applications of IoT in laboratories, including end-to-end sample tracking, automation, and instrument design.
A new MIT study finds that 10 major European auto manufacturers produced diesel cars emitting up to 16 times more NOx on the road than in lab tests, resulting in approximately 2,700 premature deaths per year across Europe. Improving emissions control technologies could prevent up to 1,900 premature deaths annually.
A global analysis reveals that most countries, including the US and UK, are falling short of reducing premature deaths from chronic diseases. The study suggests that a faster decline in deaths would require investments in policies such as treatment of hypertension and controlling tobacco and alcohol use.
A color-coded map reveals diverse age distributions across Europe, with some countries having high concentrations of elderly people and others with young populations. The map highlights factors influencing demographic changes, including immigration and urbanization.
The POPULAR study confirms a significant association between neuromuscular blocking agents and respiratory complications after surgery. Established techniques to avoid residual paralysis did not lower the patients' risk of pulmonary complications.
A study published in The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal found that repeat vaccinations are safe for most children with mild to moderate reactions after their initial immunization. Sixteen percent of patients experienced recurrent adverse events following immunization, but most were no more severe than the initial reaction.
A new study has found that people with asthma are more likely to become obese, especially if their asthma begins in adulthood or if they have non-allergic asthma. The research, which followed over 8,600 participants for two decades, suggests the relationship between asthma and obesity is more complex than previously thought.
A new study published in Nature Communications reveals that the British mainland was formed from the collision of three ancient continental land masses: Avalonia, Laurentia, and Armorica. This finding explains the abundance of tin and tungsten in South West England, which is also found in Brittany and other areas of mainland Europe.
The European Renewable Energy Directive may lead to vast new cutting of the world's forests as a result of additional wood needed just to supply 5 percent of Europe's energy. This is expected to increase greenhouse gas emissions by 10 to 15 percent in Europe's energy use by 2050.