Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study found that only 49.5% of clinical trials in Europe reported results as required by EU regulations, with commercial sponsors being more likely to comply than non-commercial ones. The researchers also discovered inconsistencies in the EU Clinical Trials Register and developed a website to track compliance.
A large study of 5.4 million adults found that high blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of developing aortic stenosis and regurgitation. The findings suggest that controlling blood pressure may be a way to prevent these conditions.
A recent study published in Nature Energy found that people in wealthy countries are less concerned about the reliability and affordability of their energy supplies. The research, which analyzed data from over 44,000 people across Europe, highlights the importance of including economic and social factors in energy security policy.
A new study from Binghamton University found that benevolent leadership styles have a positive impact on employee performance, while authoritarian leadership has negative effects. The researchers discovered that showing compassion to employees motivates them to be better workers and increases job satisfaction.
Researchers at The University of Tokyo developed a computational tool that can learn from headcam footage to predict where the user's focus will next be targeted. This approach combines visual saliency with gaze prediction, achieving better results than existing methods.
The project aims to develop tools to learn experientially about the harmful effects of transmitted collective traumas and their impact on hatreds and vengeance. Local events will be organized to test experiential learning tools, bringing together students, teachers, and community members.
Fifty ERC grant holders have been awarded Proof of Concept Grants to explore the commercial potential of their frontier research results. The grants aim to transform top science into practical innovations that can benefit society.
A new lab-on-a-chip device developed by KU Leuven researchers can detect infections and viruses in blood with high accuracy, making it ideal for diagnosing people in developing countries. The device is simple, cheap to produce, and can be activated with a finger touch, allowing anyone to use it.
A large-scale analysis of mobile app data found that users in English-speaking countries have higher app usage due to widespread English language versions and dedicated apps. Socio-economic factors such as occupation, education, and savings also play a significant role in determining app usage.
A study by the University of the Basque Country found energy savings of up to 20% in a block of flats with individual metering and charging of heating and hot water. The payback period on investment was about 10 years, making this system manageable.
A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute aim to improve gravitational wave detectors by incorporating a 'filter' made of cesium atoms, which can neutralize Quantum Back Action and increase accuracy. The development is expected to show proof of concept within three years.
The European Union and European Economic Area experience stable rates of gonorrhea resistance to antibiotics, with azithromycin remaining a concern. The use of dual therapy regimens may contribute to increased susceptibility.
KU Leuven scientists found long-lived macrophages in mice intestines that can survive for at least eight months, vital for nerve cell survival. These macrophages play a critical role in maintaining intestinal health, and their dysfunction leads to digestive problems.
This CVIA special issue brings together valuable new insights into research in cath lab procedures. Papers cover topics such as intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiac catheterization after cardiac arrest, and the current state of transradial access.
A new study reveals China's air quality is worse than the US, Europe, Japan, and South Korea in terms of surface ozone levels. The country experiences more high ozone days than any other nation, posing a significant threat to human health and crops.
A recent study suggests that climate change contributed to the decline and eventual extinction of the Neanderthals. The researchers found that prolonged extreme cold periods coincide with a near complete absence of archaeological artefacts from the Neanderthals. This indicates that climate change played a significant role in their demise.
Beaver dams raise water levels, releasing organic carbon to the atmosphere. Research indicates beavers can act as both carbon sinks and sources, with some ponds fixing up to 470,000 tons of carbon per year or releasing 820,000 tons annually.
Researchers found that Sicilian amber traveled to Western Europe as early as the 4th Millennium BC, at least 2,000 years before Baltic amber arrived in Iberia. This challenges previous suggestions of direct trade between Scandinavia and Iberia.
The European MACUSTAR consortium is conducting a multi-country clinical study on early AMD, focusing on intermediate-stage disease progression. Novel tests will be developed to assess earlier stages of the disease, improving diagnosis and treatment methods.
New archaeological evidence reveals extensive Mediterranean exchange networks for amber resources in Late Prehistory, with Sicilian amber arriving earlier than previously thought. The trade routes suggest Iberians engaged in significant exchange with the North and South, challenging previous hypotheses on amber origin.
Researchers analyzed data from over 5,700 pregnant women with heart disease and found that fewer deaths occurred during pregnancy compared to previous years. However, nearly one in ten women with pulmonary arterial hypertension died during pregnancy or early post-partum. Pre-pregnancy counseling is crucial to identify high-risk patients.
The PoshBee EU Horizon 2020 project aims to support healthy bee populations and sustainable beekeeping practices in Europe. The project will integrate knowledge from academics, beekeepers, and farmers to quantify the exposure hazard of chemicals on bees and determine their impact on health.
The European Commission has approved Kymriah, a personalized CAR T-cell gene immunotherapy, for treating pediatric and young adult patients with aggressive blood cancers. The therapy has shown strong and durable response rates, providing a new hope for young cancer patients in Europe.
Researchers found that cold climate cycles coincided with the absence of Neanderthal tools and the rise of modern humans in Europe. The limited diet of Neanderthals, which relied on terrestrial meat sources, may have contributed to their decline during stadials.
A study published in the European Heart Journal reveals that microvascular dysfunction is a prevalent underlying disease mechanism in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. The research highlights the importance of identifying patients at risk and developing targeted therapies to improve outcomes.
The guidelines recommend starting most patients on two blood pressure lowering drugs as a single tablet to improve control rates and reduce strokes, heart disease, and early deaths. A healthy lifestyle is also recommended for all patients, regardless of blood pressure level.
The new guidelines recommend open heart surgery for patients with complex coronary artery disease, as it provides better long-term survival and outcomes compared to stent placement. In contrast, patients with simpler disease can benefit from both surgical bypass and PCI, with complete revascularization being the preferred option.
A recent EU research project ALEC found that all age groups have declined in starting to smoke except for 11-15 year olds, who increased significantly over the last decade. Young women in Western Europe are particularly at risk, with 40 per 1000 starting to smoke annually.
A study by the University of Liverpool identified 31 ecosystem services provided by marine biodiversity, including seafood, raw materials, and natural flood defences. The research highlights the importance of protecting biodiversity to maintain these essential services.
A new global research network on climate change denial has been established by Chalmers University of Technology. The network will examine the links between conservatism, xenophobia and climate change denial, with a focus on right-wing nationalism in Europe.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that European 'new smoker' rates among younger teens have increased in recent years, while older teens' rates declined from the 1970s to the 2000s. The study suggests that tobacco control measures are necessary to address this trend.
A new EU-wide study found that more than half of severe listeriosis cases belong to clusters, which are often not detected quickly enough by current surveillance systems. The use of whole genome sequencing could lead to faster detection of multi-country outbreaks, saving up to 5 months of investigations.
Researchers discovered that only small clusters of four silver atoms in a tetrahedral shape surrounded by water molecules emit light. This is due to the movement of two free electrons, which decay from higher to lower energy levels and produce a specific shade of green light.
The Virtual Brain platform will be integrated into the Human Brain Project, enabling researchers to better understand the brain and develop personalized diagnostic and treatment options. This collaboration aims to accelerate adoption of TVB among European researchers and advance brain health throughout lifetimes.
Researchers at KU Leuven discovered a breach in Intel's modern security technology, Foreshadow, which can hack into enclaves and compromise personal data and cloud systems. The attack uses speculative execution to retrieve sensitive information, putting millions of processors and cloud platforms at risk.
Overall stroke death rates have declined in Europe, but some countries are experiencing a recent plateau or increase in mortality. The study found significant decreases in death rates from cerebrovascular disease in most European countries over the past 37 years, with age-standardised mortality rates being higher in men than women.
A study by the Technical University of Munich found that European trees' wood density has decreased continuously since 1870, despite increased growth. The decrease in wood density is attributed to factors such as rising temperatures and nitrogen input from agriculture and industry, affecting forest ecosystems.
A study by ISGlobal found that cycling yields the best results in every analysis, linked to better self-perceived general health, mental health, and vitality. Walking is also beneficial, associated with greater vitality and more contact with friends and family.
Climate change poses unprecedented flood risk unless timely adaptation measures are taken in Europe. Coastal defense structures need to be installed or reinforced to withstand increasing extreme sea levels.
A study by University of Kansas researcher Erin Adamson finds that lifestyle migrants in Costa Rica's Caribbean coastal town create unintended consequences, including gentrification and racial segregation. Locals see benefits from the influx of migrants, but many are pushed out due to economic changes.
African scientists developed diverse practices to combat tsetse flies, including late-season forest burning and innoculations, which were later adopted by Europeans as part of their 'science'. The book highlights the importance of understanding the connections between human and environmental mobilities in knowledge production.
A new study from Princeton University reveals that a large proportion of internet traffic passes through the US, despite efforts to reduce dependence. The Region-Aware Networking (RAN) tool allows users to reroute traffic, avoiding certain countries like Brazil, India, and Kenya.
Alessio Figalli, an ERC grantee, wins the 2018 Fields Medal for his work on Partial Differential Equations and Calculus of Variations. His research on optimal transport theory has deep connections with fundamental problems in the field.
Research from Germany, Netherlands, and Croatia highlights the importance of adopting special laws and procedures for youth aged 18-25 in the US. These countries apply juvenile sanctions and facilities, divert more juveniles, and rely on educational approaches to address delinquent behavior. By considering these European strategies, US...
Scientists warn that rising CO2 levels could cause Western Europe and New Zealand to revert to a hot tropical climate similar to the early Paleogene period. Land temperatures were estimated to be 10-15°C higher than current average temperatures, with annual land temperatures ranging from 23-29°C.
Researchers developed a dynamic model to simulate virus spread and conducted a national serological study to assess transmission levels and vaccine coverage required. The results suggest that certain pastoral production systems act as virus reservoirs, emphasizing the need for adapted vaccination strategies in high-risk populations.
The European Research Council has awarded EUR603 million to talented early career researchers, enabling them to create their own research teams and conduct pioneering projects. The selected scientists will focus on diverse topics, including ultrafast filming and the unique features of human cells.
A new study reveals that Europe's power system can comfortably generate at least 35% of its electricity using renewable energy alone without major impacts on prices or system stability. The research, which analyzed 30 years of meteorological data, found that Europe could use renewables for more than two-thirds of its electricity by 2030.
Older, overweight scuba divers are at increased risk of dying due to cardiac issues. The study found that one-third of scuba divers are aged 50 years or older, with a significantly greater proportion having smoked cigarettes and high blood pressure.
The Centauro robot has been designed to assist rescue workers in disaster scenarios, with capabilities including robust locomotion, high strength manipulation, and harsh interactions. Its mobility skills have been validated through various tasks, such as manipulating heavy objects and breaking wood pieces.
A team of mathematicians from around the world collaborated to solve real-world problems faced by industry. By applying mathematical models to the manufacture of stackable fabricated potato chips, they aimed to predict cooking times, optimize chip position, and improve the overall efficiency of the process.
A new study reveals that there are still many areas in Europe where brown bears could live, but with suitable habitat for hosting the species. The German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) and Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg have identified over 380,000 square kilometres of potential bear habitat, offering a ...
A study from University of Helsinki reveals that sudden cold spells occurred during the Eemian interglacial period, lasting hundreds of years and impacting northern European climate. The research suggests that disturbances in North Atlantic circulation contributed to these shifts, highlighting the sensitivity of this oceanic system.
An international study highlights key questions for a more sustainable environmental future in Europe, focusing on the impact of chemical products on biodiversity, natural ecosystems, and human health. The study aims to inform policy decisions and research priorities to mitigate these risks.
A 800-year-old Norwegian skeleton has revealed traces of Salmonella Paratyphi C, a rare cause of enteric fever. The discovery suggests that the bacteria have long caused illness across northern Europe.
A nationwide study of nearly 600,000 Danish children found that severe childhood infections are associated with lower school achievement in adolescence. Hospitalizations for infections were linked to a 38% reduction in the odds of completing ninth grade, while primary care treatment was unrelated.
A study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology found a strong dose-response relationship between smoking and atrial fibrillation. Smoking five to ten cigarettes per day increased the risk by 9% to 32%, respectively. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce this risk, with former smokers experiencing a lower risk th...
A new quantum secret-sharing scheme prevents eavesdropping in noisy environments, improving the fidelity of encrypted messages. The scheme exploits the properties of entangled particles to enhance secret transmission.
A new fish species, Platichthys solemdali, has been discovered in the Baltic Sea and officially recognized as an endemic species. The species can be distinguished from its European counterpart through genetic methods or by studying their eggs and sperm.
Researchers analyzed European interbank market behavior before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis. They found correlation networks became increasingly interconnected during the crisis, while physical networks experienced a decline in internal connections. This study suggests using network analysis to predict future crises.