Science and research news from across Europe. Covers major discoveries, university leadership, disease burden and costs, and research policy in the region.
A 36,000-year-old fossil skeleton's DNA reveals the early divergence of Eurasians once they left Africa and their deep shared ancestry. The study also shows that Neanderthals and early modern humans interbred around 54,000 years ago.
A new study on ancient DNA from a 36,000-year-old fossil in western Russia found that the earliest European humans' genetic ancestry survived the Last Glacial Maximum. The research also sheds light on Neanderthal interbreeding and an early contact between European hunter-gatherers and Middle Eastern farmers.
Common bird species across Europe are experiencing significant declines in population, with many providing essential services for humans such as pest control and seed dispersal. The study's findings highlight the critical importance of birds in maintaining ecosystem balance and human health.
Bird populations across Europe have experienced sharp declines, with the majority of losses from the most common species. However, some less common birds have shown increases in recent years due to conservation efforts and legal protection. The study highlights the need for greater efforts to halt these continent-wide declines.
Cyprus faced a €17 billion bailout after a 100% GDP increase and bank bail. Overconfidence led to poor choices in public finances, delays in EU assistance, and unsustainable policies.
A previously unknown fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, discovered in the Netherlands, poses a significant threat to European salamander populations. The fungus is found in amphibians from Thailand, Vietnam, and Japan but has only been detected in Europe recently.
A deadly fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, is threatening wild populations of fire salamanders in Europe and may reach the US through international trade. Scientists are warning that the fungus could have devastating effects on North America's salamander biodiversity.
A new genetic study reveals a link between exposure to aristolochic acid and incidence of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, the most common form of kidney cancer. The research, conducted on 94 patients from Europe, suggests that this plant compound may be a significant risk factor for kidney cancer, particularly in Central Europe.
Astronomers have discovered a 'wheel in a wheel' of dust and gas in the GG Tau-A binary star system, revealing a sustaining lifeline between the two discs. This finding supports planet formation by providing a mechanism for material to be transferred from the outer disc to the inner disc.
Researchers favor binding national renewables targets for EU and individual member states. Studies show additional renewables targets could provide economic benefits by reducing nuclear and fossil fuel use, while minimizing added costs.
Genomic analysis of Rapanui people reveals significant contact with Native American populations between AD 1300 and AD 1500, suggesting a pre-European trans-Pacific route. The findings challenge traditional textbook versions of human colonization events.
The study reveals two distinct families of exocomets in the Beta Pictoris system: old and recent ones. The old family has weak activity with low gas production rates, while the second family is more active and likely originates from a single object's breakup.
Scientists have found intriguing zones of organic molecules shifted away from Titan's north and south poles, contradicting expectations. The discovery may provide insights into the complex chemistry of Titan's atmosphere and its potential connection to Earth's early atmosphere.
Scientists have identified two promising candidates for blood-borne biomarkers that could lead to a simple screening test. Abnormal DNA methylation patterns and microRNAs show promise in detecting colorectal cancer.
Scientists analyzed DNA from ancient European skulls and found that they were intolerant to lactose for 5,000 years after adopting agriculture. Major technological transitions in Central Europe were associated with changes in genetics of these populations.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), leading to the development of novel molecular therapies. Current therapies are often ineffective or have unknown long-term efficacy, but new treatments show promise in treating IBS symptoms.
The Department of Energy's ESnet is deploying four new high-speed transatlantic links, delivering a total capacity of 340 Gbps to support dozens of scientific collaborations. The new infrastructure will enable ultra-fast access to scientific data from the Large Hadron Collider and other research sites in Europe.
The European College of Neuropsychopharmacology awards Dick Swaab with the 2014 ECNP Media Award for his book 'We are our Brains'. The award recognises outstanding contributions to destigmatising disorders of the brain. Swaab's work aims to promote a better understanding of brain function and its impact on mental health.
A study released by the American Academy of Ophthalmology found that an implantable corneal inlay device improved near vision well enough for 80% of patients to read a newspaper without affecting far distance vision. The device is currently undergoing clinical review in the US and has shown promising results with minimal complications.
Two new pill-only regimens have been developed to treat genotype 1 hepatitis C, with a sustained virological response achieved in 90% of previously untreated patients and 82% of those who failed previous treatment. These regimens show promise as simpler, safer, and faster alternatives to current therapies.
A recent study reveals that two viruses have led to the collapse of three amphibian species and impacted six others in northern Spain, causing severe disease and mass mortality.
Researchers found that some rice-based products for people with celiac disease contain high amounts of total and inorganic arsenic, which can be carcinogenic. The European Union is working to establish maximum quantities of arsenic in these products.
A demonstration project made progress in introducing a patient-centered medical home approach at safety net practices serving vulnerable populations. Nearly half of practices achieved substantial implementation of key features within four years.
The EMA is exploring alternative approaches to clinical trials in rare cancers, recognizing the challenges of small sample sizes and the need for innovative methods. These discussions aim to enhance the evidence base for treatments in rare cancer patients, who face limited treatment options.
Energy drinks have been linked to high caffeine levels, which can cause heart palpitations, hypertension, nausea, and vomiting. Mixing energy drinks with alcohol is also a significant risk factor for adverse health effects.
Junior Professor Román Orús of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz has been awarded the 2014 EPS Early Career Prize for his work on tensor network techniques and quantum entanglement. The prize recognizes his significant contributions to European research in physics.
Experts urge greater investment in ocean research to address pressing marine-related issues. The declaration sets a five-year roadmap for integrated policy-oriented ocean scrutiny and identifies four key policy goals: valuing the ocean, capitalizing on European leadership, advancing ocean knowledge, and breaking scientific barriers.
A new EU project, Enterprise+, supports young entrepreneurs by providing feedback discussions and potential analysis tools. Experienced executives from participating countries share their knowledge with young professionals to help them develop entrepreneurial strengths.
An international team of astronomers observed a nova explosion using radio telescopes combining data from hundreds to thousands of kilometers apart. They discovered how the gamma-ray emissions are produced, a phenomenon that mystified scientists when first observed in 2012.
Researchers at Plymouth University have identified a method to reduce styrene emissions in the manufacturing process by up to 98%, improving workplace conditions and environmental impact. The new technique uses in-mould gel-coating, which significantly reduces volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions.
A recent study at the University of Eastern Finland found that grandparents' help with childcare and emotional support influence mothers' decisions to have additional children. Additionally, parental grandparents' involvement is associated with fewer emotional and behavioral problems in grandchildren.
The Mediterranean is invaded by over 1,000 alien species, including fish and algae, threatening native biodiversity. Invasive species disrupt delicate balances in ecosystems, causing devastating effects on animal species.
A minimum unit price of 45p would significantly reduce consumption and health harms among harmful drinkers, with effects estimated at 40-50 times greater than a below cost selling ban. This policy is likely to save thousands of lives and hospital admissions per year.
The Canadian Medical Association Journal refutes criticisms of the BART trial that showed a substantially increased risk of death associated with aprotinin. The authors argue that regulatory bodies should have mandated a second large trial to confirm or refute the results.
A survey of 80 female Greek oncologists found that women are under-represented in leadership positions, with team leaders being men in 82% of cases. The European Society for Medical Oncology launches a new initiative to promote the exchange of ideas among female oncologists and support women with cancer.
Researchers found significant variations in approval times for cancer drugs between the US, Canada, and Europe, with patients in some regions waiting years longer than others. The study emphasizes the need for coordinated action to reduce disparities in drug access and improve patient outcomes.
A survey of 595 young oncologists found that 71% are at risk of developing burnout, a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The study highlights the need for action to address burnout across all levels, from universities to professional societies.
Fecal microbiota transplantation has been proven to be a safe and highly effective treatment for recurrent C. difficile infections, eradicating bacteria in around 90% of cases with good safety profiles. The technique is now officially recognized as an effective treatment for this difficult-to-treat infection.
A survey of over 30,000 European nurses found that extended shifts and overtime lead to lower standards of care, safety, and missed necessary patient care. Nurses working long shifts are 30% more likely to report poor quality of care compared to those working traditional eight-hour shifts.
A new research study reveals that many patients with advanced, incurable cancer do not receive palliative care, despite the presence of designated centres promoting integrated oncology and care. The study found significant gaps in palliative care delivery, highlighting the need for increased budget allocation.
The Fauna Europaea project has published a collection of data papers covering 56 taxonomic groups, involving over 400 contributors. The publication marks a significant milestone in the dissemination of biodiversity data and highlights the importance of expert involvement in scientific research.
A new study by Harvard Medical School and University of Tübingen reveals that present-day Europeans descend from three ancestral groups: Ancient North Eurasians, Basal Eurasians, and Near Eastern farmers. Genetic analysis found that Northern Europeans have more hunter-gatherer ancestry while Southern Europeans have more farmer ancestry.
Researchers found that modern-day Europeans have ancestry from three previously unrecognized groups: hunter-gatherers, early farmers, and a newly identified group of ancient north Eurasians. This discovery shifts scientists' ideas on human migration and interaction across the globe thousands of years ago.
The European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) has published a position statement on breast cancer screening, recommending individualized screening based on familial risk and first screening mammogram results. This approach aims to reduce overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments for slowly growing tumors.
Research found patients with DPN display greater extremes in balance sway and variability during stair climbing, indicating difficulty regulating control of balance. This increases the risk of falls, especially on steep or long flights of stairs.
Researchers used DNA sequencing to rapidly identify and describe three new fungal species found in a local grocery store packet of porcini mushrooms. The study demonstrates the feasibility of accelerating the documentation and description of new Fungi species, highlighting the need for further identification efforts.
A new study reveals that individuals with high intake of high-fat dairy products have a 23% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those with low consumption. High fat from dairy may explain the protective association between dairy intake and T2D.
Research published in Diabetologia finds that age at diagnosis is not linked to microvascular complications, while longer diabetes duration increases the risk in younger patients. Effective prevention requires vigilance across all age groups, with intensified surveillance for macrovascular complications in older populations.
A team of European researchers has successfully synthesized germanene, a 2D material with impressive electrical and optical properties. The material was synthesized by depositing individual germanium atoms onto a gold substrate under high temperatures and in an ultra-high vacuum, revealing its characteristic honeycomb structure.
A comprehensive catalog of mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish genomes was created to improve genomic research and personalized medicine. The study's findings shed light on the population's origins, revealing a mix of European and Middle Eastern ancestry.
A new study predicts that climate change will increase forest fire danger in Europe by 200% by 2090. However, prescribed burns and improved firefighting can reduce this risk to below 50%. The study examined adaptation options for forest fires on a pan-European scale.
Dr. Helen May-Simera receives Sofja Kovalevskaja Award to investigate signal processing in the retinal pigment epithelium and its relation to cilia dysfunction. She will lead a junior research group at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, enhancing focus on molecular biology of cilia.
Patients living with COPD want to discuss their palliative care needs with healthcare professionals, but feel uncomfortable bringing it up due to fear of burdening others. Healthcare professionals should not be afraid to initiate conversations about palliative care, as patients understand the seriousness of their condition.
A new study confirms a strong link between air pollution and lung health in European adults, with people suffering from obesity particularly vulnerable. The findings emphasize the importance of educating about clean air and urge policymakers to update guidelines to meet WHO-recommended air quality standards.
Research on e-cigarettes reveals potential links to asthma and emphysema, as well as a successful quitting aid, but also raises concerns about long-term effects and lack of consensus among doctors. The ERS Congress emphasizes the need for strong regulation to protect vulnerable populations.
The European Union's Natura 2000 network has a positive impact on maintaining biodiversity, but lacks connections between protected areas. The researchers recommend establishing minimum standards for conservation in these areas to improve species migration and genetic stability.
Despite having a family history of CVD, individuals are unlikely to adopt healthier habits, with those reporting a family history showing higher heart ages and poorer diet scores. Small lifestyle changes can still significantly reduce CVD risk, suggesting alternative strategies for behavior change.
A simple awareness campaign in general practice identified new cases of AF, with 129 patients receiving treatment to reduce stroke risk. The campaign used a dedicated questionnaire to detect irregular pulses and symptoms suggestive of AF.
A European study found that experimental agent TRO40303 was ineffective in preventing tissue damage when impaired blood flow is corrected in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The study suggests that high-quality modern care may leave little room for improvement in STEMI treatment.
A seven-year study of nearly half a million people in China found that daily fruit consumption significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease and stroke. The more fruit eaten, the lower the CVD risk, with significant reductions also seen in blood pressure.