Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Research by University of Oxford links recession to significant rise in suicides across EU, Canada, and USA between 2008-2010. The study suggests that job loss, home repossession, and debt are major risk factors leading to suicide during economic downturns.
Ultrasound-guided injections of growth factors-containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been shown to be no more effective than saline injections in treating recently developed epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow. However, pain scores decreased significantly over the course of the trial.
A landmark ESMO survey of over 700 specialists provides insight into treatments most oncologists choose for lung cancer patients with incomplete resection. The study reveals that chemotherapy and radiotherapy are commonly prescribed, but treatment decisions vary depending on the specialty of the treating physician.
A recent genetic study suggests that Neolithic people colonized Europe through a maritime route, with Crete serving as a major hub. The analysis confirms that the Neolithic migrants originated from the Levant and primarily traveled by sea, introducing their genes to European populations.
The study provides a new framework to interpret previous research on European Neolithic populations, suggesting that the expansion took place through pioneer seafaring colonization. Genetic affinities between the mitochondrial DNA of first Neolithic farmers and those of Catalan and German farmers support this hypothesis.
The EU's Common Agricultural Policy reforms are too weak to positively impact farmland biodiversity, with over half of all farmland exempt from ecological measures. Experts call on member states to take action to address declining biodiversity and intensification of agricultural practices across Europe.
The European Society of Cardiology emphasizes the importance of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in cardiovascular clinical trials. PROs provide valuable information on aspects of life beyond survival, influencing health technology assessments and reimbursement decisions.
A new study finds that grey squirrels' genetic diversity directly impacts their ability to invade and spread across European environments. The research reveals that small founding population sizes result in reduced genetic diversity, hindering the squirrels' capacity for invasion.
A new species of Mediterranean worm lizard, Blanus mendezi, has been identified with the discovery of its first intact skull, providing insights into the evolution of this poorly known group of reptiles. The fossil, dated to 11.6 million years ago, features a well-preserved skull and vertebrae, shedding light on the species' history.
The UK has invested £5.64M in the European X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL) project, allowing UK researchers to use serial femtosecond crystallography for high-resolution biological molecule determination. This cutting-edge technology will enable scientists to study the smallest building blocks of life at unprecedented speeds and reso...
Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases survival by 2-3 times but is delivered in only 1 in 5 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests across Europe. Improving education for schoolchildren and dispatchers could save thousands of lives.
Anusha Mujumdar, a 3rd year PhD student at Exeter University, has won the Zonta International Amelia Earhart Fellowship to support her pioneering research on spacecraft control for the Mars Sample Return mission. Her work will help develop 'rendezvous and capture' technology for retrieving samples from Mars.
A new study found that solar panels made in China have a higher overall carbon footprint and require more energy during manufacturing compared to those made in Europe. The difference is largely due to China's lower environmental and efficiency standards, as well as its reliance on coal-based electricity.
Denise Mifsud, a part-time PhD student, won the EERA/SAGE conference travel bursary to attend Emerging Researchers Conference and ECER 2014. The bursary supports early career researchers in attending these conferences, fostering discussions and debates on education policy and practice.
Researchers analyzed nearly 3,000 cod bones from 95 excavations in and around London, identifying a sudden change in the origin of the fish during the early 13th century. This shift indicates the onset of a large-scale import trade, revolutionizing the local fishing industry.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that climate change is favoring the distribution of light-colored insects in Europe, particularly butterflies and dragonflies. This phenomenon is due to their ability to regulate heat through their color variation, allowing them to thrive in warmer areas.
A study found that as Europe warms, communities of butterflies and dragonflies consist of more lighter-colored species, which are better adapted to the changing climate. Lighter-colored insects can reflect sunlight and regulate their body temperature, giving them an advantage over darker-colored species.
A new Stanford study reveals that European farmers will face significant crop yield losses due to climate change, but adapting can help slow the decline. The research shows that adaptation options such as switching varieties or installing irrigation can reduce yield losses by up to 87% for corn.
The Mosers' groundbreaking discovery of specialized neurons called grid cells has been recognized with the €750,000 Körber prize. The prize money will support their research on grid cell formation and interaction with the environment.
Ape ancestors' diets evolved from hard-shelled fruits and seeds to soft and mixed fruit-eating, with no diet specializing in leaves. The dietary specialization may have ultimately contributed to their extinction when drastic environmental changes occurred.
Leadless pacemakers with seven-to-ten-year battery life have shown significant advancements in reliability and reduced risk of infection and thromboembolic complications. Transcatheter aortic heart valve developments also showcased improved outcomes with no reported cases of severe paravalvular leak.
Richard Sylvester, a renowned expert in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), received the 2014 Platinum Award from European Urology for his excellence in bladder cancer research. He continues to work on prognostic factors and predictive effects of age on NMIBC outcomes.
A study shows that strains from Southern Europe can grow better in Northern Europe than established local varieties due to rapid climate change. This suggests that the adaptive optimum has moved quickly, with southern imports performing better across different locations.
The first PCR Innovation Day brought together key stakeholders to address unmet clinical needs in interventional cardiovascular medicine. This event provided an opportunity for physicians, inventors, and entrepreneurs to network and discuss innovative technologies.
A novel device implanted under the skin has been shown to treat central sleep apnea (CSA) in heart failure patients, improving sleep and heart function. The remede system reduced AHI, improved cardiac endpoints, and increased quality of life.
Researchers at Hebrew University discovered how octopuses avoid tying themselves in knots by producing a chemical that temporarily inhibits sucker attachment to their own skin. This unique mechanism enables the arms to maintain flexibility and accuracy despite an infinite number of degrees of freedom.
A recent study found that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization, with rates more than doubling during periods of activity. The research suggests that efficient IBD treatment may lower this risk, and highlights the need for cardiovascular risk assessment in these patients.
A post-hoc analysis of the TOPCAT trial showed that spironolactone reduced cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations for heart failure in patients from the Americas, but not in those from Russia and Georgia. The treatment also increased serum creatinine and hyperkalemia rates.
A new minimally invasive method provides obstetricians with detailed information on the anal sphincter innervation before child delivery, enabling them to perform episiotomies safely and minimize damage. The technique has been tested on 250 women in 10 EU countries.
A new study shows that negative iron balance is a common occurrence in patients with acute heart failure and is associated with higher mortality rates. The researchers propose a new measure for iron deficiency, which takes into account both stored and utilised iron levels.
Heart failure is a leading cause of hospital admission, particularly in older adults. The RELAX-AHF study found that worsening symptoms (worsening heart failure) during hospitalization can lead to longer stays and increased risk of readmission or death. Targeting worsening heart failure may help reduce these adverse outcomes.
A study presented at the Heart Failure Congress 2014 found that sleeping pills prescribed to heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) increase their risk of cardiovascular events. The study also showed that HFpEF patients who were prescribed high blood pressure medications had a lower risk of cardiovascular event...
The PARADIGM-HF trial was stopped early due to a statistically significant reduction in primary composite endpoint and cardiovascular mortality. LCZ696 demonstrated benefits by blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and augmenting endogenous natriuretic peptides, offering an alternative to the gold standard treatment enalapril.
A study by researchers at Stanford University reveals fundamental differences in parenting methods between Asian Americans and European Americans. Asian American 'tiger mothers' motivate their children through interdependence, allowing them to draw on connectedness with their mother for motivation. In contrast, European American parent...
Researchers found that European birds are expanding their ranges into UK nature reserves, but non-native wetland birds such as the Black Swan and Egyptian Goose are also invading protected areas. The study highlights the importance of conservation efforts to tackle these invasions and protect native species.
Research reveals prehistoric Europeans consumed psychoactive plants and fermented beverages in rituals to connect with the spirit world. Archaeological evidence suggests socially controlled use of these substances, contrasting with modern hedonistic views.
A study of healthy senior men found that intense endurance exercise confers cardiac benefits regardless of age. The research, published by the European Society of Cardiology, indicates that 40 is not too old to start endurance training and that the heart remains amenable to modification through exercise even at this age. This finding s...
A statistical modeling study projects almost all European countries will experience rising obesity rates by 2030, with the highest prevalence in females in Ireland. The study highlights the need for urgent policies to reverse this trend and prevent premature mortality and economic strain on healthcare systems.
A population-based screening program in the UK detected a small number of lethal pathologies, including heart block, irregular heart rhythm, and valvular heart disease, in 2.7% of screened individuals. The study suggests that cost-effective screening programs can prevent sudden cardiac deaths in young people.
Researchers developed a new approach to measure the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrates to pesticides, revealing that different species respond differently to toxicants. The study focused on three pesticides, diazinon, imidacloprid, and propiconazole, which showed varying levels of toxicity among shrimps and snails.
Scientists have identified a new species of paper wasp, Polistes helveticus, in Central Europe. The discovery revealed the coexistence of two distinct species, one already known from the region and another previously thought to be limited to southern Europe.
AURORA is a large international molecular screening programme for metastatic breast cancer aiming to improve understanding of the disease and its response to treatments. The study will analyze over 1300 patients' tissue and plasma samples, enabling scientists to identify genetic characteristics that predict treatment outcomes.
Kevin C. A. Burke, a University of Houston geology professor, has received the 2014 Arthur Holmes Medal for his fundamental contributions to tectonics and Earth evolution. His research focuses on understanding rock structures at the core/mantle boundary and has been recognized internationally.
The UK has a higher child mortality rate than nearly every other country in Western Europe, with 3800 children under five dying in the UK in 2013. The country's high infant mortality rates are attributed to poor organisation of children's health services.
A study analyzing Eurovision voting patterns over two decades found that cultural and geographical factors drive support for certain countries' acts, rather than prejudice. The analysis revealed clusters of countries with similar voting behaviors and identified the probability of each country belonging to a particular bloc.
A large-scale seafloor survey found widespread presence of bottles, plastic bags, fishing nets, and other types of human litter across European seas. Litter was found at all depths, from shallow waters to 4500-meter waters, with the highest density in submarine canyons.
A recent CU-Boulder study contradicts the widely held notion that Neanderthals were dimwitted and primitive, suggesting they had cognitive abilities comparable to those of anatomically modern humans. The researchers found evidence of complex communication, efficient hunting strategies, and a diverse diet among Neanderthals.
Scientists have developed a groundbreaking technique to trace an individual's DNA back to their ancestral home 1,000 years ago using Geographic Population Structure (GPS) tool. The method has been successful in locating worldwide populations to their geographic regions and village of origin with accuracy rates of up to 98%.
A new report reveals that cutting down on meat and dairy products can reduce nitrogen air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and free up large areas of farmland. Adopting a demitarian diet across Europe could reduce nitrogen pollution levels by about 40%.
Researchers will simulate the impact of tsunamis on urban areas, modeling how water channels around clusters of buildings. The facility aims to produce engineering guidelines to mitigate future tsunami impacts. The research has far-reaching implications for building and urban design in tsunami-prone areas.
Researchers found East African honeybees resistant to invasive parasites, but preliminary data suggests habitat loss and drought may be major factors driving colony declines. The study recommends protecting nesting habitats and native flowering plants to maintain healthy bee populations.
A recent study reveals that persons captured in medieval raids into present-day Finland, Russian Karelia, and the Baltic Countries were sold on remote trade routes extending to Central Asia. The demand for blonde girls and boys as exotic luxury items drove this trade, with only a few hundred of thousands reaching southern markets.
A European-wide strategy is needed to manage invasive species, threatening native biodiversity, and costing an estimated €12 billion each year. The EU must commit long-term investment to address the issue, including raising awareness of biosecurity and implementing European-wide legislation.
Researchers used advanced dating techniques to analyze remains from three caves in Spain, Girona, Gipuzkoa, and Asturias. The findings suggest that Neanderthals and Cro-magnons did not coexist on the Iberian Peninsula, contradicting previous theories.
The European Commission Joint Research Centre has identified Europe's top ICT hubs, which excel in access to top universities, research centers, and funding opportunities. These regions have a high concentration of businesses, innovative output, and strong networks, making them ideal for digital success.
A recent study found that mortality from viral hepatitis is significantly higher than from HIV/AIDS across EU countries. In 2010, there were nearly 90,000 deaths due to hepatitis C and nearly 31,000 deaths due to hepatitis B, compared to just over 8,000 deaths from HIV/AIDS.
A novel outcome prediction model has been developed using sequentially-assessed measures to generate an individualised mortality risk prediction without liver transplantation. The model uses age, encephalopathy, and cardiovascular failure severity on admission, as well as dynamic variables, to predict non-transplanted 15-day survival.
The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) has published online recommendations for managing hepatitis C, which reflect the approval of three new direct-acting antivirals. The guidelines provide best practice on key areas, including treatment indications, available drugs, and measures to improve treatment adherence. Wit...
A majority of Europeans view biomedical research as a source of hope and trust the public to challenge opinion. However, most lack scientific literacy and rely on experts for understanding, highlighting the need for education and communication about research findings.
The European Biodiversity Observation Network (EU BON) aims to provide integrated biodiversity information to support decision-making in various sectors. EU BON integrates disparate databases and online sources to improve monitoring and evaluation of biodiversity.