Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Zengen discovered that synthetic alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (a-MSH) has an anti-inflammatory effect in celiac mucosa, which may control the inflammatory response and limit epithelial damage. This finding could lead to a medical treatment for Celiac disease, currently managed only with a strict gluten-free diet.
The EU's Framework Program invests €17.5 billion in research projects to enhance industry competitiveness and improve citizens' quality of life. European research co-operation expands beyond borders, with partnerships with US and other countries.
A professor at Stanford University suggests a genetic mutation triggered modern human behavior, contradicting the majority of anthropologists. Genetic analysis of the foxp2 gene supports his theory, suggesting it evolved around 50,000 years ago.
The European Commission will present its research policy and funding activities at the AAAS meeting, aiming to create a European Research Area (ERA) with better coordination and cooperation. The EU's goal is to boost competitiveness and improve citizens' quality of life through significant resources mobilized via the Framework program.
The EMBO project aims to improve teacher training through international exchange and hands-on activities in labs. A facility will be established at EMBL Heidelberg to offer practical classroom materials and resources.
AstraZeneca has submitted an application to the European Health Authorities for a new indication for Seroquel in treating manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder. The company's clinical trial programme showed strong and positive results, confirming Seroquel as an ideal first-line agent for this condition.
Two studies found that invasive species have significantly fewer parasites than their native competitors, allowing them to outcompete and devastatingly impact native ecosystems. This advantage is due to the poor match between parasite hosts in new environments.
A study of 97 healthy men aged 22-80 found significant age-related decreases in semen volume and sperm motility. Semen quality is a proxy for fertility, suggesting that men may become progressively less fertile as they age.
A recent study reveals that Icelanders are more genetically diverse than previously thought, with higher rates of nucleotide differences and population admixture. This contradicts earlier claims of genetic homogeneity, which were largely based on flawed data and errors in publicly accessible databases.
The study found that ocean circulation plays a less significant role in climate change, while atmospheric circulation has a major impact on temperature differences between Europe and North America. The Rocky Mountains contribute significantly to the temperature contrast by creating a persistent wave in winds downstream.
Wolfgang Baumeister and Riitta Hari develop cryoelectron tomography to visualize molecular complexes in cells, while Nikos Logothetis studies the basis of visual awareness in trained monkeys. These advances may provide insight into changes during synaptic activation and social cognition.
Researchers discovered that palm leaves emit specific floral notes to attract pollinating weevils during the flowering season. This finding suggests a shift in flower-to-leaf function in plants, opening new questions about pollination system evolution.
The World Health Organization is strengthening its anticancer initiatives by tackling corporate influence and improving the handling of expert declarations. Several prominent scientists have raised concerns about inappropriate corporate influence on the International Agency for Research on Cancer, prompting changes to be made.
A meta-analysis of over 1 million participants from 61 studies found that lower blood pressure is strongly linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular causes, including stroke and ischemic heart disease. The study suggests that even small reductions in average blood pressure can lead to significant improvements in health outcomes.
Researchers pinpoint high concentrations of air pollutants in eastern US, Europe, and China using data from NASA and European Space Agency satellites. The pollutants vary by season, affecting human health and air quality.
Scientists analyzed 40 years of daily weather data to understand the NAO's two-week cycle and its effects on European winters. They found that positive NAO events lead to milder winters, while negative events bring colder temperatures and more precipitation.
Potato late blight, a mutated funguslike pathogen, is affecting global potato production, causing brownish lesions that turn healthy plants into mush. The disease has spread globally, with Russia experiencing devastating yields, and experts warn of dire consequences for food security.
The lack of harmonization in European clinical trial regulations is jeopardizing progress in state-of-the-art treatment strategies, denying patients the benefits of advances. This is particularly concerning in complex fields like cancer research, where multi-disciplinary and multi-modality treatment is required.
The US child-care system faces significant shortcomings, including fragmented funding, low quality of care, and limited access to education-focused models. European countries offer alternative models, such as France's free public childcare system and Denmark's focus on working parents.
The study reveals striking differences in employment rates across Europe, with Greece having ten times more people working in agriculture than the UK. Non-working households are common in many EU countries, but married women's employment rates do not affect this trend.
The study reveals significant variations in family forms across Europe, with Italy having the largest households and Sweden's smallest. British men are more likely to be in partnerships than Italian men by their mid-twenties.
A new set of principles aims to simplify sales law for European consumers and retailers, reducing differences between countries. The Utrecht rule proposes that consumers can choose between repair and exchange, while other transactions follow the quickest and cheapest solution.
The EMBO World Programme fellowship scheme supports scientists from non-European countries to visit European laboratories for a six to nine month period. The program aims to foster collaborations and strengthen research between European and home countries.
A European seal plague outbreak may claim up to 10,000 harbor seals in 2002, with mortality rates varying from 15-58 percent among regions. The virus is spread through coughing and is thought to have been introduced by migrating harp seals.
A new study published in PNAS found that the stomach-dwelling H. pylori bacterium has been present in humans for at least 11,000 years, with genetic variations consistent with Asian migration to the New World. The research provides strong evidence supporting the theory that migrating Asians introduced the bacteria to South America.
A recent study predicts that the 2002 European seal plague outbreak may claim up to 10,000 harbour seals in Denmark and Sweden alone. The researchers used mathematical models to compare the 2002 findings to a previous 1988 outbreak, predicting similar impacts on the population.
A new study on Chinese immigration in Europe reveals that the primary motivation is financial gain, enabling migrants to generate employment and wealth. Chinese migrants are highly mobile once they arrive, often changing countries to find better conditions.
A study by University College London found that countries with stronger 'buckle up' laws experienced significant increases in seat belt use, up to 64% more respondents reporting use in 2000. Positive attitudes toward safety equipment played a key role in this shift.
A new programme, GOALS, has been developed to help cancer patients discuss their condition with family, friends, and colleagues. The five-step protocol focuses on identifying the right place and moment for conversation, acknowledging emotions, and developing a strategy to open discussion.
Key findings from the ESMO Congress emphasize the need for better care and communication in cancer treatment. Patients must be informed and involved in their treatment decisions, while healthcare professionals should prioritize empathy and understanding. A European cancer patient coalition is proposed to amplify patients' voices.
A study by Professor Lesley Fallowfield found that psychosocial discussions are often overlooked in cancer treatment consultations. Training can help doctors and nurses discuss personal and sexual issues comfortably and sensitively, improving patient outcomes.
A study by Professor Lesley Degner found that Canadian women with breast cancer and men with prostate cancer fare better emotionally and socially due to their positive attitude towards illness. The most important information patients want is 'What are my chances of a cure?' and 'How far has my disease spread?'.
New data confirm KEPPRA's sustained antiepileptic effect over 7.13 years, with a high retention rate of 54.3%. The incidence of adverse events is similar to previous studies, ensuring the safety and tolerability profile for KEPPRA.
A large multicenter clinical trial will randomly assign patients with tibial fractures to either reaming or non-reaming surgical groups. Surgeons will assess participants at six weeks, three months, and one year to determine the success of the operation.
Amanda Fisher has been awarded the prestigious EMBO Gold Medal for her exceptional work in European molecular biology. The award recognizes her achievements as a role model for scientists in Europe.
The top-ranked company, Genentech, is praised for its alignment of work culture and personal values, as well as its commitment to translating scientific discoveries into medicine. Millennium Pharmaceuticals ranks second, with a strong focus on attracting leading scientists and providing them with the tools to practice their science.
The EU referendum focuses on economic issues, with both pro-euro and anti-euro groups campaigning on this aspect. Key findings suggest that the process may fail to promote a full and frank debate if only central issues are addressed.
The Amazon forest, a significant carbon sink, may be slowing global climate change. A new monitoring team, RAINFOR, aims to study the impact of environmental changes on Amazonian forests. The project will analyze data from multiple sites across the basin to better understand productivity and dynamics.
In 19th century US, religion was used to justify white superiority, fueling Manifest Destiny and racial hierarchy. This 'double fantasy' of common identity and divine mission ultimately clashed with social realities, revealing the complexities of White American identity.
Researchers suggest that the concept of teenagers emerged between the 13th and 17th centuries in western Europe. Young people in this age group engaged in various activities such as sports, education, and work, but also faced societal pressures like marriage and violence.
A new, late blight-resistant potato variety developed by Cornell University will be given to Russian company Dokagene Technologies. The potato can also resist golden nematodes, scab, and potato virus Y, making it a valuable resource for Russian farmers.
Researchers used carbon-dating technology to confirm the authenticity of the Vinland Map, dating it to approximately 1434 A.D. The map, if authentic, is believed to be the first known cartographic representation of North America. Its date would establish the history of European knowledge of the lands bordering the western Atlantic Ocean.
The Vinland Map's date has been determined to be around 1434, indicating a strong connection to the Catholic Church's Council of Basel. The parchment analysis provides new evidence supporting the map's authenticity and sheds light on European knowledge of North America during this period.
A US team found that most healthy couples conceive within two years, and fertility in women declines as early as the late 20s. The study suggests delaying assisted reproductive techniques until a couple has failed to conceive naturally for 18-24 months.
The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology reports a trend towards more effective and safer treatments in Europe, with a reduction in embryos transferred per cycle. This has led to increased pregnancy rates despite higher multiple births.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine shows that cardiac resynchronisation therapy systems improved NYHA functional class, six-minute walk distance, and quality of life for patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure. The treatment also reduced hospitalisations by 50% and hospital days by 77%.
The study found significant variations in cancer prevalence across European countries, with high rates in Sweden, Switzerland, and Germany, and low rates in Poland, Estonia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The research team suggests that cancer prevalence is closely linked to economic development and survival rates.
A diet rich in phyto-oestrogen-rich foods like soy and whole grains may protect against certain cancers. Jetlag's impact on hormone regulation could increase breast-cancer risk in flight attendants.
NASA's new Microgravity Science Glovebox will enhance the Space Station's science capabilities by providing a facility for safely working with fluids, flames, particles, and fumes. The glovebox supports low-cost, small investigations from multiple disciplines, including materials science and biotechnology.
The report counters common views on uncontrolled immigration, citing improved information and matching migrants with employer needs. It suggests an auction-based system for migration permits to better match skills and demands.
The EMBO Award for Communication in the Life Sciences promotes active research and public outreach by recognizing innovative science communication. The award is given annually to a winning application that showcases imaginative and original works across various media forms.
A US-Italian study found that women's fertility starts declining before age 30, but not necessarily their overall chance of pregnancy. Meanwhile, men's fertility also begins to decline in their late 30s, but the duration of the fertile window remains unchanged.
A recent study found that Europeans are largely unaware of the genetic modifications in their food products, despite high levels of opposition to GMOs. Consumers tend to bid lower prices for genetically modified foods only when they perceive a significant difference in taste or quality.
The study analyzed tobacco industry documents and found that they lobbied against the Directive 98/43/EC at both EU member state governments and a pan-European level. The investigation's findings highlight the need for effective tobacco control legislation in Europe.
Despite being a significant advancement in Parkinson's disease treatment, only 7% of eligible patients in G5 European countries have received deep brain stimulation therapy. Inconsistent funding support and low awareness among general practitioners are major barriers to access.
The microendoscopy technique uses a tiny endoscope to detect abnormal cell changes in breast ducts, potentially identifying breast cancer up to a decade before it develops. Researchers have had successes with the procedure and plan to use it as a diagnostic tool for high-risk patients.
A new million-year-old skull found in Ethiopia contradicts recent suggestions of a split in the homolineage between Eurasiatic and African populations. The team's detailed analysis shows genetic continuity between populations, indicating movement and mobility between them, consistent with a single species Homo erectus.
The EMBO Young Investigator Programme has received a $2 million grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to support young researchers in Central Europe. The programme provides financial and networking opportunities to promote Europe's most promising young life sciences researchers.
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute has awarded a four-year grant of $2 million to the European Molecular Biology Organization. The grant supports six scientists from the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland early in their careers, linking them with EMBO's Young Investigator Programme.
The European CanCer Organisation's Dr Robin Wilson says current evidence supports breast cancer screening's effectiveness in reducing mortality, but acknowledges drawbacks such as false positives and anxiety for women. Countries with full national screening programmes have seen significant benefits, including improved quality of care.