Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study of South Asian Canadians found they presented late to hospital, were more likely to have diabetes, but less likely to be smokers than non-South Asians. Despite these differences, the two groups had similar MI mortality and in-hospital outcomes.
Geologists reconstructed the Eridanos Delta's course and discovered that climate influenced its development. Numerical models predict river dynamics over hundreds of years, helping to answer questions about climate change impacts on rivers.
A new study published in Science supports the idea that Asia was the center of origin for key groups of modern mammals, including primates and hooved mammals. The research allows paleontologists to compare fossil sequences from Asia, Europe, and North America during a dramatic period in Earth's history.
Researchers warn that slowing thermohaline circulation could have severe consequences for Europe, including a dramatic drop in temperatures. The phenomenon is sensitive to temperature increases and influxes of fresh water, which could accelerate its slowdown.
Scientists have discovered two significant fossil finds in Europe, shedding light on the early evolution of humans. The oldest relative of all living great apes was found in Germany, while a nearly complete skull of Dryopithecus was uncovered in Hungary.
Paleoanthropologist Geoffrey Clark questions the clear evidence for human 'replacement', suggesting that archaeological findings reveal a more complex mosaic pattern. He proposes an alternative cause for cultural and technological changes, linking them to population density and critical selection pressures.
Three influential organizations of internal medicine physicians unveil a new charter on medical professionalism, outlining three fundamental principles and ten definitive professional responsibilities. The charter aims to promote an action agenda for the profession, addressing challenges in healthcare delivery, technology, and globaliz...
A new theory proposes that exposure to ochratoxin A during pregnancy or early childhood can induce damage to testicular DNA, increasing the risk of testicular cancer. Testicular cancer is more common among people of higher socioeconomic levels, who are more likely to breastfeed.
Researchers have created a new way to calculate 'magic numbers' in sports leagues, taking into account all possible future games. The new method can be applied to multiple sports like hockey and European soccer, providing more accurate predictions of team outcomes.
A geologist proposes that traditional Chinese landscape paintings, emphasizing harmony with nature, may have contributed to China's lack of early adoption of geological principles. This perspective is rooted in the Western European emphasis on geometric perspective as a tool for understanding spatial relationships.
The EU's database protection law could limit access to information, hindering scientific progress and innovation. The US Congress should consider the potential impact on trade and the economy before passing similar legislation.
A recent survey found that patients with breast cancer in Europe have limited knowledge about innovative treatments like Herceptin and HER2 diagnostic testing. This lack of awareness can lead to women not making informed decisions about their treatment, highlighting the need for improved education and communication.
The US FDA's priority review process for cancer drugs is significantly faster than its European counterpart, EMEA. In contrast to the EMEA's average approval time of over two years, the FDA approves cancer drugs on average within six months.
The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) has awarded Matthew Freeman the 2001 golden medal for his significant contributions to molecular biology. The prestigious award recognizes Freeman's groundbreaking work in this field.
The use of asbestos continues to pose a significant health risk, particularly in developing and industrialized countries. According to recent data, millions of people worldwide continue to suffer daily exposure to asbestos, leading to an alarming increase in asbestos-related cancers.
Researchers at Newcastle University have discovered a purple potato variety that shows promise in resisting the devastating potato blight disease. The variety, grown commercially without using chemicals, could significantly impact the supply of organically-grown potatoes, improving availability and reducing costs for farmers.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a natural parasite that can control leaf-eating slugs, which destroy crops every spring and fall. The parasite, known as Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, is effective in killing American slugs just as well as the most popular slug poison, metaldehyde.
Researchers identify a consistent seismic pattern suggesting a recurrence time of 1,500-2,500 years for the 1356 Basel earthquake. This discovery could help safeguard infrastructure and fine-tune emergency procedures before a potential major earthquake strikes.
E-BioSci aims to provide complete searchable combinations of information available to every scientist globally. The platform leverages partnerships among EMBO, CINES, CSIC, DIMDI, EDINA, EMBL-EBI, and ingenta plc to offer a vast research library.
Exanta demonstrated improved safety and tolerability compared to warfarin in treating patients with medium to high risk for stroke and systemic embolism. The phase III SPORTIF programme enrolled over 6,200 patients and showed promising results. Exanta is being investigated as a simpler alternative to warfarin treatment.
A study of French data from 1987-1997 found that heart attack deaths peak on weekends among young and middle-aged men. The exact reason for this is unknown, but strenuous activity during the weekend may contribute to increased risk.
Researchers studied Naples Yellow samples from historical paintings and identified differences in physical structures using X-ray and synchrotron diffraction studies. This technique can help narrow down the origins of unidentified artworks and potentially verify their pedigrees.
A three-year comparative case study found that UK banks stayed away from the market, while others like Citibank entered with enthusiasm. The British absence can be attributed to a lack of cultural ties with CEE and insufficient capital strength.
Exanta, a novel oral anticoagulant, has demonstrated comparable efficacy to warfarin or low molecular weight heparin in preventing blood clots. The European phase III trial showed that Exanta is effective and well-tolerated for VTE prophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery.
The number of multiple births per embryo transfer decreased from 29.6% to 26.3% in Europe between 1997 and 1998. The proportion of twin deliveries fell from 25.8% to 23.9%, while triplet births declined from 3.6% to 2.3%.
A new study, involving over 400 families from four European countries, has found no evidence of emotional problems among ART parents. The research also revealed that ART fathers have a warmer and less authoritarian relationship with their children.
A new study has found that children conceived through assisted reproduction have stable and satisfying marriages, psychologically healthy parents, and well-adjusted children. The research also suggests that the absence of a genetic link between fathers and children does not interfere with developing positive relationships.
A study by Prof. Arnold Labrie explores how desire for purity emerged as a response to societal changes, masking a preoccupation with the impure. The concept of purity is closely tied to order and excludes those deemed 'impure', reflecting underlying tensions between traditional values and emerging modernities.
The top 50 chemical producers saw a six percent increase in sales to nearly $400 billion, with Europe accounting for 54 percent of international sales. Capital spending decreased by 16 percent, while research and development spending rose nearly two percent.
The book analyzes the accumulative effects of industrial development over 40 years, showing changes in pollution patterns and potential risks to agricultural food production. Historical studies of heavy metal pollution are used to illustrate how spatial patterns have changed over time.
The report reveals big variations between countries, with France, Germany, and the UK carrying out more than half of all IVF treatments. Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands have the highest availability of IVF treatment, resulting in a significant number of children being born through IVF.
The Johan Skytte Prize recognizes Professor Scharpf's work on multilevel governance, European Union legitimacy, and the use of game theory. He proposes limiting federal authority to market and currency questions to increase the union's effectiveness and legitimacy.
Research analyzing births in Malta and Western Europe from 1890 to 1995 found a strong association between lower birth rates for boys and colder climates. The study suggests that warmer climates favor the birth of boys, possibly due to temperature affecting fertility and sex ratios at birth.
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute awards a four-year grant to expand training programs for Central and Eastern European, former Soviet Union, and Baltic scientists in specialized symposia, laboratory courses, and visiting lectureships. Over 500 participants have benefited from similar grants in Latin America.
Historians discovered that local landlords and castle owners wielded significant power until around 1150, forming a third power block alongside clergy and territorial princes. They found seven monasteries were founded within 15 years, based on reciprocal obligations between aristocracy and clergy, leading to social stability.
New radiocarbon dating reveals Neandertals coexisted with early modern humans in central Europe for thousands of years, casting doubt on theories of extinction and migration. The findings also suggest potential genetic exchange between Neandertals and modern humans.
A study published in Science found that European attitudes towards GM foods are driven by media coverage, with Europeans being more likely to view the technology as menacing or dangerous. In contrast, US citizens showed less skepticism due to higher science literacy and trust in regulatory agencies.
A University of Illinois professor warns that decreasing sulfur dioxide emissions could exacerbate global warming by enhancing temperature changes in North America, Europe, and Asia. The studies used climate/ocean models to calculate the potential effects of reduced sulfur dioxide emissions on global-mean surface temperatures.
A new study predicts that jet contrails will become a significant climate factor by 2050, causing a warming of the Earth's atmosphere. Contrails are expected to increase in coverage over Europe and Asia, with potential temperature increases reaching up to 0.7 watts per square meter.
Polish parliamentarians have significant influence on legislative process due to their right to submit proposals. The Sejm's independence is crucial for its role in stabilizing relations with the presidency and government. Strengthening internal coherence and discipline is necessary for governing parties to maintain this independence.
A new study found that first officers rely on indirect methods such as hints to correct a captain's mistake, particularly in low-risk flight situations. The study also revealed differences in the way female pilots communicate with other crew members, using more two-part utterances to state problems and give commands.
A comprehensive examination of 100 female statuettes carved in Europe between 30,000 and 20,000 years ago suggests they prioritized the health of mother and child during childbirth. The statuettes depict physical effects of pregnancy and show little evidence of long-term use.
A new analysis of PURSUIT data reveals women in Latin America and Eastern Europe receive less aggressive cardiac treatment and have higher incidence of heart disease deaths compared to men in similar regions. In contrast, women and men in North America and Western Europe receive comparable treatment and outcomes.
A new hominid species, Homo antecessor, has been identified in Spanish fossils, dating back 800,000 years. The species' modern-looking mid-face and primitive cranium traits suggest a complex evolutionary history, potentially challenging current theories on human migration and settlement of Europe.
The Weizmann Institute is launching an international bioinformatics network to bridge the gap in technology and training between Western countries and developing regions. The network, coordinated by the institute, will provide access to comprehensive bioinformatics data banks and facilitate collaboration among scientists.
The European Science Association aims to foster debate on the relationship between science and society in a pan-European spirit. It seeks to involve young scientists, media professionals, industrialists, teachers, and other stakeholders in its activities.
Experts from around the world have agreed on a standard for locating environmental information, enabling easy access to a virtual library of data and information. The initiative aims to make use of base standards like ISO 10163 to provide a universal service for searching and accessing environmental information.
Western Europe is narrowing the gap with the US in R&D investment, spending over $20 billion on research in Western European institutions. The region also outproduces the US in producing Ph.D.s in natural sciences and engineering, with a 38% increase in doctoral degrees awarded in NS&E fields.
Children drank ale at breakfast, lunch and dinner, with average daily consumption being a gallon for adults and less among children. Women brewed most of the ale consumed during the 14th and 15th centuries, challenging common assumptions about women's roles in medieval society.
According to new population forecasts, there is a 66% chance the world's population will not reach 11.5 billion by 2100, with four regions expected to experience declines before 2050. The global population is projected to increase from 5.8 billion in 2020 to 10.4 billion by 2100, but at a slower rate.
Hopkins professors Sidney Mintz, Katherine Verdery, Donald Carter, Laury Oaks, and Felicity Northcott share their research on various anthropology topics, including the complex global economy of food, cultural identity in diaspora communities, the transformation of socialist systems, nuclear cleanup efforts, Ireland's abortion debate, ...