Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Critical care doctors have released the first-ever guidelines for sepsis, recommending more aggressive recognition and diagnosis, timely antibiotic therapy, and maintenance of adequate blood pressure. The guidelines aim to standardize clinical management of severe sepsis and reduce mortality rate by 25 percent.
The EMBC has agreed to a six-year budget for EMBO, providing stability for European molecular biology research. This agreement was reached after earlier proposals requested higher funding levels, but ultimately, a compromise was made to support the organization's activities and promote scientific advancements in Europe.
A two-year study found that quetiapine treatment resulted in statistically significant improvements in positive, negative and depressive symptoms. Patients also showed notable enhancements in quality of life, with minimal reported side effects.
The EMBL-Hamburg-coordinated project, BIOXHIT, aims to create a common platform for European researchers in biological crystallography. The initiative combines research, networking, training, and mobility to standardize technology and reduce structure-obtaining time, attracting more researchers to the field.
The European organization aims to create a virtual office to facilitate international collaboration and development of new research programs. Researchers will be able to work from various locations throughout Europe.
The Severn Estuary Partnership has received £150,000 funding to improve and develop sustainable access to and around the estuary. The project aims to boost local economies by promoting local produce and enhance nature conservation values.
A recent report shows a significant decline in stomach cancer rates across Europe, with falls seen in younger and middle-aged populations. The downward trend is attributed to improved diet, better food preservation, reduced Helicobacter pylori infection, and lower smoking rates.
The XENDOS study found that Xenical significantly reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 37% compared to lifestyle changes alone and 52% in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. The medication also produces greater long-term weight loss and improves cardiovascular risk factors.
The EMBO-launched portal aims to facilitate life scientists' career mobility across Europe by providing a one-stop-shop for funding opportunities, training programs, and job openings. Users can share their research profiles and contribute to the platform through submissions of experience reports on mobility.
A recent study using computer imaging techniques reveals that Neanderthals exhibit distinct differences in skeletal morphology compared to modern humans. The research, led by NYU paleoanthropologist Katerina Harvati, suggests that Neanderthals are a separate species within the genus Homo.
A European study has identified major risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), including prone sleeping positions and household smoking. These avoidable risk factors suggest a basis for further reductions in SIDS incidence rates through changes in infant sleep arrangements and environmental habits.
The chemical industry is expected to experience increased production and demand, leading to historic levels of growth in the US, Canada, and Asia-Pacific. In contrast, European chemical industries are forecasted to exhibit modest growth due to economic constraints.
A study by Cornell University found that farm-raised salmon in Europe contained higher levels of organic contaminants than those from North America and South America. The analysis revealed 13 out of 14 organochlorine contaminants were present in farmed salmon, highlighting the need for safer farming practices.
Researchers at Indiana University found that farmed Atlantic salmon contain significantly higher levels of toxins, including PCBs and dioxins, than wild Pacific salmon. These toxins are linked to human health concerns and may pose a risk to people who eat salmon regularly.
Researchers found high concentrations of BDEs in peregrine falcon eggs, suggesting the deca formulation may not be harmless. The study's findings add to concerns about the safety of BDEs and their potential impact on wildlife.
A new primate fossil find in Asia has sparked debate about the origins of humans, with some scientists arguing that early primates were nocturnal. The fossil, Teilhardina asiatica, is smaller than modern primates and had sharp tooth cusps indicating an insect-eating diet.
The report analyzes survival data from 23,000 children diagnosed between 1990 and 1994, showing significant differences in overall cancer survival rates. The Nordic countries had the highest survival figures for four major childhood tumor types, with an average five-year survival rate of 71.8% across all European countries.
The UK's largest persistent grid computing system, GridPP2, will enable particle physicists to process vast amounts of data generated by the Large Hadron Collider. The system, worth £16 million, will be built over four years and consist of a network of interconnected computers.
Research by Rudgers et al. reveals symbiotic fungi facilitate invasive plant invasion in various plant communities. The study highlights the complex interactions between fungal pathogens and native plants, ultimately leading to ecosystem disruption.
A study by Indiana University researchers suggests that European soil microbes help the invasive American black cherry tree grow, while inhibiting native species. The research found that in Dutch greenhouses, sterilized soil led to poor growth of native cherry trees, but non-sterilized soil allowed the invasive species to thrive.
The study found that large game animal populations existed in higher numbers where human populations were low, but decreased significantly near Native American settlements. Human influence on the environment has been going on for a long time, even before European settlement.
A genetic mutation that disables a protein used by HIV-1 to infect cells is prevalent in 10% of Europeans due to historical smallpox exposure. This mutation, which protects against death from smallpox, has been transferred to AIDS, slowing its progression.
The study, which took place from October 1999 to December 2002, showed a lower sepsis and device infection rate compared to the REMATCH trial. Patients lived an average of nine months with the device, with three still living as of November 1, 2003.
A Danish study of over 56,000 births found that women trying to conceive for over a year were at increased risk of preterm delivery, term babies with low birthweight, and Caesarean section. The study also found significant associations between infertility and adverse birth outcomes in both treated and untreated infertile women.
The European Parliament calls on Eastern European countries to share knowledge and resources to combat HIV resistance. FUZEON, a new treatment, has been shown to reduce HIV levels and increase CD4 cell counts in patients with drug-resistant strains.
A multicentre study found that darifenacin significantly improved median warning time by 4.3 minutes in patients with overactive bladder syndrome, leading to a 22.5% increase in mean warning time.
Research suggests that low and high birthweights are associated with a higher risk of cerebral palsy. Babies born with weights below the 10th percentile or above the 97th percentile had a four to six times increased risk, respectively.
Florida Institute of Technology scientist receives three-year grant to study high-energy proton-proton collisions and fundamental questions of nature. The grant is part of the CMS experiment at CERN, a large international collaboration involving over 1,850 scientists from 34 countries.
The report analyzed data from 22 countries and 42 types of cancer, showing average five-year survival rates ranging from 94% for lip cancer to less than 4% for pancreatic cancer. Regional variations were found, with some Eastern European countries having lower survival rates and western Europe performing better.
A new coalition of cancer patients is working to promote better treatment, care, and research across Europe. The group hopes to influence European health policymaking and ensure access to high-quality screening, treatment, and care for all cancer patients.
The European Cancer Patient Coalition is hindered by language barriers, with fewer than 50% of Europeans speaking a second language, including English. Digital divide also persists, with varying internet access across countries, affecting the coalition's ability to operate effectively.
The discovery sheds light on early modern human biology and their archaic origins. The fossils, dating back 34,000-36,000 years, reveal a mix of modern and archaic characteristics.
The study evaluated 27 surgeons in 23 centers and found that quality of surgery is independent of caseload. The parameters used included length of surgery, blood loss, postoperative continence, and PSA levels after surgery.
A new study reveals Americans are among the most misinformed about global warming, with only 15% correctly identifying burning fossil fuels as its primary cause. The US ranks below Japan and France in terms of public understanding of climate change.
Researchers from deCODE Genetics and the University of Oxford found that genetic drift, not admixture, has shaped Iceland's gene pool. The study suggests that small effective population size and relative isolation have contributed to Iceland's unique genetic characteristics.
A major study in India found that smoking causes half the tuberculosis deaths among men, with most cases linked to respiratory disease. The research highlights the deadly risks of tobacco use and emphasizes the need for proper treatment and prevention measures.
Research reveals a gap between national and local elites' views on EU membership. Local officials and business people feel the accession process is irrelevant to them, posing challenges for implementing agreed conditions of EU membership.
Research finds exotic earthworms alter forest composition, reducing sugar maple seedling cover and plant species richness. Sedge species overpopulates, becoming difficult to control.
A new study by O.R. researchers finds Scandinavian countries exhibit shorter 'time-to-takeoff' for new products, while large European economies lag behind. The authors recommend a 'waterfall strategy' to introduce new products in select countries.
The MagiC VLIW processor is a revolutionary component that enables environment intelligence, allowing for flexible systems to interact with the surrounding environment. It has been successfully integrated into various applications, including audio conferencing and ecographic ultrasound scanners.
Anthony Hyman, group leader at Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, wins prestigious EMBO Gold Medal. His research focuses on microtubules' role in cell division, shedding light on their dynamics and functions.
A European study of over 20,000 deaths in six countries found that end-of-life decisions were common, with administration of drugs to hasten death varying significantly between countries. The study highlights the need for further exploration of end-of-life care practices and attitudes towards physician-assisted death.
Researchers found that quarries serve as refuges for two groups of butterflies that depend on steppe-like habitats. The first group comprises 20 species, nine of which are threatened in the Czech Republic, that thrive in active quarries due to their preference for rocky habitats.
A study published in The Lancet found that carvedilol significantly reduces mortality and improves average life-expectancy by eight years compared to metoprolol. Additionally, carvedilol shows promise in improving ventricular function for patients with heart failure due to coronary artery disease.
A study of 9800 patients in Europe, Israel, and Argentina found that HAART significantly reduced AIDS incidence by 50%, with a 40% reduction in deaths among patients with low CD4 counts. Long-term follow-up is essential to observe changing causes of morbidity and mortality.
The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology report shows a trend of increasing availability and efficacy of ART treatments in Europe, with Denmark leading the way in terms of fertility treatment accessibility. The report also highlights declining numbers of embryos transferred per cycle, reducing multiple pregnancies.
The study found that cold-tolerant genera are more likely to survive than drought-tolerant ones. Tree genera are expected to show limited evolutionary adaptability in the face of climatic changes.
The European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and EMBO have agreed on a framework for cooperation, paving the way for formal agreements among member states. This development is expected to strengthen bioscience research in Europe, with the aim of supporting innovative projects and promoting collaboration.
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) presented a new drug, ET743, which has shown promising results in treating advanced ovarian cancer. In a clinical trial, the drug reduced tumors in 47% of patients, with some experiencing complete responses.
A study found that race has a powerful effect on children's perceptions of occupation status, with African American children rating jobs performed by whites as higher in status. This impact was observed even among children from lower socio-economic backgrounds.
The EMBO organization rewards a communicator with a silver medal and 5,000 euros for an imaginative and original work. The prize aims to promote molecular biology studies in Europe and recognize the value of communication skills.
A study by researchers found that proportional representation distances MEPs from their constituents, with most prioritizing party interests over individual voters. The number of visible contacts between MEPs and constituents decreased, indicating a reduced role for constituency work.
A recent study by French researchers found that nearly two-thirds of unplanned pregnancies occurred among women using effective contraception methods like the Pill and IUD. The study suggests that there is often a mismatch between a woman's contraceptive needs and the methods she uses.
Mammography screening has been shown to significantly reduce breast cancer mortality in European countries. Studies found that women aged 40-69 years who received screening had a 44% reduced risk of dying from breast cancer, while those not screened had a 16% reduction.
A study published in MERCURY I showed that CRESTOR 10mg effectively lowered LDL-C levels and enabled over eight out of ten patients to achieve their LDL-C goals. The medication demonstrated superior efficacy compared to atorvastatin, making it a valuable treatment option for managing high cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular risk.
A survey of 16,500 Europeans in 15 countries shows optimism in biotechnology increasing to levels seen in the early 1990s. Medical applications are broadly supported, while agricultural and food uses are met with skepticism. European attitudes on biotechnology have shifted since 1999, with improvements in some countries.
Researchers found a link between African-origin genetic markers and decreased insulin sensitivity in children, suggesting a genetic basis for the disparity. The study also highlights the importance of genetic factors in understanding and preventing type 2 diabetes in black communities.
A new study by the American Association for the Advancement of Science reports that Europe's population will likely continue to shrink despite increasing birthrates. The timing of childbirth is cited as a key factor, with women delaying births for longer periods, reducing potential mothers and contributing to negative population momentum.
Research by Roger Vickerman suggests that planned short-term immigration boosts the UK labor market with workers taking lower-skilled jobs, allowing indigenous workers to move up the career ladder. This mobility also benefits home countries through remittances and skills acquired abroad, contributing to increased productivity upon return.
The region is facing a major public health crisis with an estimated 1 million individuals already infected, mostly through injecting drug use. Improved measures are urgently needed to prevent further HIV spread and protect vulnerable populations.