Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A survey of 291 oncologists from 55 countries found that increased funding for research and clinical research were the top priorities for improving cancer care. Oncologists also emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and medical training to enhance treatment outcomes.
Heavy smoking is associated with a four-fold increase in major cardiovascular events, emphasizing the need for enhanced policies and individual support. The European Society of Cardiology advocates for smoke-free environments and access to quitting resources.
The UK's chronic need to recruit health professionals from overseas is exacerbating the brain drain in English-speaking sub-Saharan Africa. Experts suggest increasing training of doctors and nurses in the UK and providing practical assistance to African countries affected by loss of health professionals.
The Mladec assemblage is the oldest directly dated substantial collection of modern human remains in Europe, dating back approximately 31,000 years. The fossils confirm that early modern humans emerged in Central Europe during the Aurignacian period and provide valuable insights into their ancestry.
The ESC has released new chronic heart failure guidelines featuring practical recommendations for diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of CHF. The guidelines highlight significant developments in CCF management, including the use of natriuretic peptides and device-based therapies.
Researchers have precisely identified the pigments used to illustrate seven Gutenberg Bibles using non-invasive analytical techniques. The study provides chemical data that could help preserve and restore these historic treasures, offering insights into printing practices of early Europe.
A Dutch study found that non-cardiac drugs affecting heart electrical activity increase sudden cardiac death risk by three times. Anti-psychotics and GI medications were most closely linked to this increased risk.
A newly discovered lungless salamander in Korea has significant implications for the understanding of amphibian evolution and biogeography. The species, named Karsenia koreana, is distinct from other lungless salamanders and sheds light on their historical distribution across Asia and Europe.
A Neandertal femur found in France suggests that the transition from Middle Paleolithic to Upper Paleolithic marked a shift to greater mobility among humans. Close competition for food and space persisted with hyenas during this period, indicating a more complex human landscape.
A large European study found that only 60% of patients with heart failure were treated according to the ESC guidelines for the five most commonly used cardiac drugs. Adherence to treatment guidelines was independently correlated with patient outcomes, including hospitalization rates and time to readmission.
A recent study found that only three out of 21 streptokinase preparations met the minimum requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia, highlighting the need for stricter calibration and monitoring. The lack of reliable testing methods and inadequate post-marketing control allow substandard drugs to enter the market.
Recent Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences article highlights the alarming rate of vertebrate invasions between Europe and North America. With a 25% chance of invasion for each introduced animal, precautions like port inspection and exotic wildlife regulations are crucial to combat invasive species.
The European Space Agency recommends a mission that combines key technologies from BeagleNet, ExoMars and NASA to search for life on Mars. The rover will include instruments to study seismic phenomena and a drill capable of penetrating the surface.
Lupin flour, a common ingredient in some foods, may cause an allergic reaction in people with peanut allergies. Those with peanut allergies are advised to avoid all products containing lupin until further testing can confirm its safety.
The PIONEER project investigates the role of nutritional, environmental, and endogenous regulators in determining puberty onset. The study aims to identify settings where individuals are at high risk of developing precocious puberty.
The European Cancer Research Funding Survey reveals Europe spends seven times less on cancer research per person than the USA, leading to inadequate prevention and clinical research funding. The survey calls for increased funding to translate cancer research into patient benefit and prevent brain drain in clinicians and scientists.
The new guidelines emphasize the importance of timely thrombolysis and PCI, with a focus on reducing delays in treatment. They also highlight the benefits of primary PCI over thrombolysis in certain situations.
The European Society of Cardiology has launched a new initiative called Women at Heart to improve the handling of women with cardiovascular disease. The initiative aims to highlight the growing burden and under-appreciation of women's heart disease, and promote better understanding and treatment among medical professionals.
A study found that 19.8% of European home care elderly patients used at least one potentially inappropriate medication, with regional variations and associations with factors like polypharmacy and depression. Differences between Eastern and Western Europe highlight the need for targeted interventions.
The US exports nitrogen pollution beyond its borders, with most deposits found near their sources. The study estimates that the US loses track of nearly 6 million metric tons of nitrogen emissions each year, which are possibly transported to Western Europe.
The study found marked differences among countries, with Turkey, Brazil, and Mexico showing the highest number of women faculty. Despite increasing numbers of female physicians, disparities persist in specialties like rheumatology, influenced by factors such as family vs. career emphasis and cultural norms.
A new study has mapped the domesticated pig's wild origin, showing that domestication took place in several different geographical regions in Europe and Asia. The technology for domesticating wild boars is believed to have spread across the world, rather than domesticated wild boar itself.
Scientists attribute high frequency of CCR5-Ä32 mutation in Scandinavia and Russia to protection from lethal, viral haemorrhagic fevers that occurred during the Middle Ages. The disease provided selection pressure for the mutation, which explains its highest frequency in these regions today.
A study by Professor Francis Green found no evidence to suggest that successive generations of workers have higher expectations from their jobs, leading to disappointment. The investigation suggests a general trend of falling well-being among British and German workers, but fails to explain the decline in Germany.
A Carnegie Mellon study discovered that participants appearing near the end of juried competitions receive higher marks from judges. The serial position effect may apply to everyday evaluations such as job interviews and student exams.
A study of six European countries found significant variations in end-of-life nontreatment decisions, with medication being the most frequently forgone treatment. Low-technology interventions were also common, particularly among older patients outside hospital settings.
A recent study found that the LRRK2 gene mutation is associated with Parkinson's disease in several families, indicating a genetic component of the disease. The mutation was identified in 22 out of 42 family members who carried the G2019S mutation, and all shared a common ancestral pattern.
A recent meta-analysis of 200 surveys found little cross-cultural variation in public perception of science, highlighting the need for coherent theories to explain public attitudes. The study also explored differences in how diverse cultures regard science, with Americans showing a lack of understanding and acceptance of new technologies.
The audio file captures the tone of Huygens' antenna as it changes frequency in response to signal strength fluctuations during descent. The tone shifts dramatically at 43 seconds, indicating the probe's touchdown on Titan's surface.
A study found significant variations in antibiotic use across European countries, with higher rates in southern and eastern regions. The research suggests that population-based studies are needed to understand the motivations behind antibiotic use and develop effective strategies to reduce resistance.
Researchers found that devolved administrations have acquired more policy-making resources and clearer priorities to influence EU policy, but may face challenges due to civil servant access limitations. The study highlights the growing importance of devolution in UK's EU policy, with potential impacts on agricultural and rural policies.
A collaborative study found evidence of TB and leprosy co-infection in ancient bones across Europe, suggesting that TB overtook leprosy as a more aggressive disease. The findings imply that the decline of leprosy may have been linked to the rise of TB, which brought a speedier death due to opportunistic co-infection.
The EMBO/HHMI Startup Grants will provide up to six grants of $50,000 per year for three years, with an additional $25,000 per grant from participating countries and EMBO. The initiative aims to strengthen science in Central Europe by offering resources and career opportunities to young independent scientists.
A third of European cancer patients use CAM, with women, younger patients, and those with poor prognosis using it more often. The most commonly used CAM therapies were herbs, homeopathy, and spiritual therapies.
A European Society of Cardiology consensus report recommends regular physical examination, detailed medical history investigation, and a 12-lead ECG for all young athletes involved in organized sport. This could potentially cut sports-related cardiac deaths by 50%-70% if implemented across Europe.
A recent Stanford study has identified a link between genetic differences in African-Americans and an increased risk of hypertension. The research, which analyzed the genetic profiles of over 270 individuals, suggests that specific genes in regions near chromosomes 6 and 21 may contribute to high blood pressure risk in African-Americans.
The Global Technology Confidence Index reached a new high in Q4 2004, driven by strong increases in Latin America and North America. Meanwhile, executives prioritize innovation management and technology alignment for business growth.
Dr. Fraser Mitchell's study analyzes tree pollen to reconstruct primeval forests, concluding that grazing animals did not exert a significant impact on forest structure. This challenges current European forest conservation policy, which promotes closed canopy deciduous forests, and suggests that primeval forests may have been more open.
The European Skeletal Dysplasia Network (ESDN) enables doctors to submit patient data and x-rays to a secure portal, where it's referred to experts in six countries for accurate diagnoses. The system overcomes geographical barriers and brings together scarce clinical resources for rare conditions.
A new study from Newcastle University has led to the introduction of ten organic potato varieties, suitable for various national palates and cuisine, across Europe. The Blight-MOP project has successfully developed 'designer composts' to increase yields by up to 40% while introducing blight-resistant potatoes on supermarket shelves.
A recent study published in BMC Medicine reveals that environmental factors are a major contributor to higher blood pressure among African Americans, contradicting the long-held assumption of a genetic predisposition. The research found significant variations in hypertension rates across different populations worldwide.
Kwaanza, a spiritual and family-based celebration, is gaining popularity among Caribbean communities as an alternative to Christmas. Young people from the region express cynicism towards Christmas's emphasis on consumer culture, instead embracing Kwaanza's focus on family unity and community.
EMSELEX, a new drug for treating overactive bladder, has shown efficacy in reducing incontinence episodes by up to 77% compared to placebo. The medication, selective for the M3 receptor, also improves symptoms such as urinary frequency and urgency.
A new study on the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan painting reveals that it depicts a campaign of conquest through Guatemala by Spanish conqueror Jorge Alvarado in 1527-1529. The indigenous map provides a unique perspective on the Spanish conquest, challenging the traditional European bias in historical accounts.
Researchers analyzed eight Greenland ice cores to uncover the history of the North Atlantic Oscillation, a weather system controlling climate patterns in Europe and the eastern US. The study found that one core site matches historic records, providing a potential record of NAO behavior centuries earlier.
The Hudson's Bay Company's pursuit of profits led to ecological stress, habitat destruction, and the decline of beaver populations. The company's focus on fur trading also introduced European farming methods and crops, altering the Northwest landscape and human population dynamics.
A European study has found a persistent three-decade increase in childhood cancer incidence, with rising rates in all tumour types. The study also shows that survival rates have improved substantially over the past three decades, with 5-year actuarial survival rates reaching 75% for children in western Europe.
A study published by University of Toronto researchers found that Canada receives only 10% of US foreign investment, compared to over half received by Europe. To improve Canada's productivity performance and attract more investment, experts say it is a difficult challenge for policymakers and academics.
Researchers found that increasing physical activity among premenopausal women can significantly lower body mass index, percent of body fat, and other weight-related measurements. Low-folate diets may contribute to the high rate of heart disease in Central and Eastern Europe, particularly among men aged 30-50 years.
A European network aims to enhance coordination of innovation-driven research in catalysis and sustainable chemistry. The initiative seeks to increase efficiency and strengthen the field's position on the European research agenda.
The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research published five English-language books examining Dutch culture from 1650 to 2000. The books cover topics such as science, art, music, literature, education, religion, and urbanization.
The World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control aims to reduce tobacco use through measures such as banning advertising, warning labels, and smoke-free places. European countries are called upon to swiftly ratify the treaty to combat lung cancer and protect public health.
The Initiative for Science in Europe (ISE) is an independent platform for organizations committed to scientific and technological development. ISE aims to provide a common forum for advocating independent scientific advice in European policy-making and stimulating the involvement of European scientists in shaping science and technology...
Fishermen in North Sea face severe economic consequences from discarding unwanted fish and marine life back into the ocean. The study proposes restricting access to certain areas and adapting fishing gear to reduce discards, with allocated incentives for compliant fishermen.
Increased investment in radiotherapy can significantly improve cure rates for European cancer patients. In the UK and Netherlands, calls for increased funding led to substantial improvements. However, under- utilization of radiotherapy is common in many EU countries due to inadequate infrastructure and staffing.
Research found ovarian cancer rates levelling across Europe, with declining incidence and mortality rates in northern countries, particularly among younger age groups. In contrast, southern and eastern European countries saw increasing cancer incidence and mortality rates.
A new study reveals that 8 out of 10 patients with serious mental illnesses are satisfied with their Seroquel treatment, experiencing improved positive and negative symptoms. This is attributed to its effectiveness and favorable side effect profile, leading to better compliance and outcomes.
Experts call on EU politicians to improve cancer treatment access, modernize healthcare through increased funding and reduced bureaucracy. The European CanCer Organisation highlights the need for political will to translate scientific discovery into practical treatments.
María Blasco, a Spanish scientist, was awarded the EMBO Gold Medal for her groundbreaking research on telomeres and cancer. Her work has led to significant discoveries on telomerase RNA component, interplay with DNA repair and cell cycle, and chromatin epigenetics.
A collaboration between pharmaceutical manufacturers, healthcare agencies, and researchers led to a significant reduction in epoetin-associated pure red-cell aplasia. The incidence decreased by 83% after improvements were made in storage and handling of the drug.