Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that moderate amounts of alcohol improved laboratory rats' memories, especially in recalling negative events. High doses of alcohol damaged brain and liver tissue, suggesting a protective effect for low-level consumption.
The honey bee's molecular structure of its biological clock is more similar to mammals than to flies, according to groundbreaking research. The key genes involved in the biological clock were identified and characterized, opening up new directions for understanding complex behaviors like sun-compass navigation and time sensing.
Researchers have identified a critical gene in the circadian time-keeping system that enables animals to predict mealtime. The Period 2 gene plays a key role in the brain's ability to anticipate food availability, but not its effect on physiological coordination outside the central nervous system.
Researchers found common wood ducks and laughing gulls susceptible to H5N1 avian influenza viruses, shedding most of the virus through their respiratory tract. The study provides valuable insights into detecting the disease in live birds by swabbing their mouths and throats.
Researchers found that marijuana-like compounds improved memory and reduced inflammation in older rats, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for Alzheimer's disease. The study used synthetic compounds similar to marijuana to treat young and old rats, with the most notable improvement seen in older rats.
Researchers found that dopamine deficiency in Parkinson's causes loss of muscle control and paralysis due to disruption of coordinated activity in a particular neural circuitry. A new treatment pathway aims to restore this dopamine-regulated circuitry coordination.
Researchers at the University of Alberta have named an ancient mammal found in Alberta, Canada, which lived about 60 million years ago. The creature, Horolodectes sunae, had powerful jaws and a unique tooth shape that resembles those of primitive relatives of ungulates, but was likely carnivorous.
Researchers have created antibodies against H5N1 virus, showing complete protection in mice at low doses when administered before infection. Higher doses are required for later administration, with less effective results from a second antibody.
Researchers at The University of Manchester are developing new techniques using cultured human cells to identify carcinogens and reduce the need for animal testing. The project aims to increase confidence in pre-animal tests and minimize false positives.
Early mammals' eyes have only one version of the photoreceptor gene that detects light, unlike birds, fish, and amphibians with two versions. This suggests they may have been nocturnal creatures.
Researchers found archerfish automatically tune water force based on prey size, with strategy resistant to learning. The technique is also metabolically costly, with fish adjusting water mass for efficient force application.
Researchers at Cambridge University have developed an effective new method to test cognitive decline in mice with Huntington's disease using an automated touch screen. The tool allows for minimal movement by the mouse and is less stressful, making it a valuable asset in studying neurological disorders.
The IVD is a long-term contraceptive designed as an alternative to vasectomy, blocking sperm by plugging the vas deferens. The new device aims to be more appealing than traditional methods, but reversibility studies in men are still unknown.
Scientists discovered a unique evolutionary link between primitive B cells in fish and the adaptive immune response in humans. In fish, B cells participate in phagocytosis, attacking and eating foreign particles; this behavior is unexpected in mammals. The findings may lead to novel roles of B cells in mammals and improved fish vaccines.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Bath discovered that Accutane, a common acne treatment, can induce depression-like behavior in mice. The study found that mice treated with the drug spent more time motionless and exhibited reduced escape-related behavior compared to untreated animals.
A study by Tufts University researchers found that pregnancy and lactation produce long-term changes in a mother's brain hormone receptors, which may improve maternal behavior and reduce anxiety levels. This discovery suggests that prior reproductive experience can shape the mother's physiology and behavior.
Researchers found that caterpillars evolved different physiological mechanisms to adjust to carbohydrate-rich and low-carbohydrate diets. This study suggests that animals can adapt metabolically to extreme nutritional environments, which may have implications for understanding the human obesity epidemic.
A new animal-detection system, tested in Yellowstone National Park, shows promise in reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions. The system detected elk with high accuracy and could be cost-effective in areas with frequent large animal-vehicle collisions.
Researchers developed live attenuated vaccines using weakened influenza virus proteins and found they elicited broad and lasting immunity in mice and ferrets. The vaccines provided protection against different H5N1 viruses that emerged years later, demonstrating potential as a future treatment option for avian flu.
Researchers have developed a live, attenuated H5N1 avian flu vaccine that protected mice and ferrets from deadly infection with naturally occurring H5N1 flu viruses. The vaccine demonstrated cross-protection against different emerging H5N1 virus strains.
Researchers found that pied babblers continue to care for their young during this period, using a special "purr" call to recruit inexperienced fledglings. This novel form of extended parental care prolongs offspring care and sheds light on the sophistication of bird parenting.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge discovered that African pied babbler adults continue to care for their young after they stop feeding directly. The parents call the inexperienced fledglings to areas with readily available food, improving their foraging success rate.
Researchers found that conservation measures appear feasible in gap locations with large tracts of habitat and sparse human populations. However, difficulties may arise near coasts and in regions with agricultural interests, highlighting the need for further efforts to establish new protected areas.
Researchers found a brain region that also responds to objects like cars, animals, and sculptures, challenging current face perception theories. The discovery suggests the need for a new model of how the brain recognizes faces and objects.
Researchers developed an inhibitor that blocks anthrax toxin receptors, increasing potency by 50,000-fold. The new approach could combat antibiotic-resistant strains and improve survival rates for inhalational anthrax victims.
A West Indian manatee has been sighted in various northeastern US waters, including the Hudson River and Cape Cod. Researchers used a manatee photo-identification database to rule out Chessie, a known manatee with distinctive markings, as the current traveler.
Researchers warn that viruses like HIV and influenza can spread from monkeys to humans through contact in settings such as temples, markets, and homes. By taking precautions like using caution around monkeys, following proper wound care, and implementing public health measures, the risk of transmission can be reduced.
Researchers have developed a computer-controlled system to analyze animal behavior, allowing for rapid and efficient drug screening. The Forsyth Automated Training Apparatus enables automated control of the environment, recording animal reactions to stimuli, and providing valuable insights into cognitive abilities.
New research reveals squirrel poxvirus is wiping out red squirrels in northern England at a rate 17-25 times higher than areas unaffected by the virus. Targeted grey squirrel control at narrow entry points is recommended to save the species.
The trap-jaw ant's mandibles close at 35-64 meters per second, or 78-145 miles per hour, with an average duration of 0.13 milliseconds. The ants accelerate at 100,000 times the force of gravity, generating forces exceeding 300 times their body weight.
Researchers found that bumble bees can adjust their behavior to estimate elapsed durations, crucial for decision-making tasks like feeding and communication. This ability is rare in the animal kingdom, previously known only in humans and other vertebrates.
In a groundbreaking finding, researchers discovered that chimpanzees in the Ebo forest, Cameroon, utilize stone hammers to access nutrient-rich seeds. This behavior was previously thought to be restricted by geographical boundaries and challenges the long-held cultural spread model of tool use among chimpanzees.
Researchers are using motion capture cameras and MRI scans to create 3D models of elephant locomotion. The study's goal is to understand how elephants coordinate their limbs and determine if they truly run. This knowledge can improve animal welfare, inform human biomechanics, and aid in the design of walking robots.
Researchers discovered that brain neurons combine economic value and spatial information to control decision-making behaviors, contradicting the previous pure economic view. This study has implications for understanding human disorders such as addiction, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The new $4 million collaboration will develop a cybernose using sensor proteins from insects and nematodes, allowing for more accurate smell detection in the wine industry. The technology has potential to detect pests and diseases, boosting Australia's biosecurity.
A five-year study by The Parkinson's Institute suggests that nicotine treatment can reduce dopamine cell damage in Parkinson's disease. This protective effect may explain the lower incidence of Parkinson's among smokers, and could potentially lead to new therapy options for early-stage patients.
African sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei evolves an unusual chromosomal structure to diversify its VSG genes and evade human immune response. This adaptation enables the parasite to change protein expression rapidly, allowing it to persist in a host population.
Researchers have adapted a psychiatric test for monitoring mental abnormalities in mice, revealing a key skill impaired in humans with autism and similar illnesses. The study found that mice can learn to switch attention between tasks, shedding light on the cognitive deficits underlying human mental dysfunction.
A new study by UMass Lowell researchers suggests that consuming antioxidant-rich apple juice may increase the production of acetylcholine in the brain, leading to improved memory. The study found that mice fed with an apple juice-supplemented diet performed better on traditional Y maze tests.
Researchers develop a novel approach to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by delivering an antisense oligonucleotide drug directly to the brain and spinal cord. The treatment slows disease progression by silencing mutant proteins that cause the disease, offering new hope for patients.
Researchers found that elephants in northern Kenya's Samburu/Isiolo/Laikipia districts prefer flat terrain to reduce energy expenditure. The study suggests that large animals like elephants have different views of their surroundings than smaller ones, considering energy replenishment needs.
Researchers found that chronic ibuprofen therapy given after brain injury worsened cognitive abilities in animal models. The study suggests potential implications for traumatic brain injury patients who often receive ibuprofen for chronic pain.
A new study by Stanford researchers identifies a group of genes consistently less active in older animals across various species, providing a universal indicator of cellular aging. The findings suggest that cell aging is genetically determined and provide insight into the mechanisms driving this process.
Researchers found that nicotine exposure in rat fetuses led to impaired auditory processing and cognitive deficits. The study suggests that prenatal nicotine exposure damages brain receptors, affecting sound sensitivity and higher cognitive functions.
Sharon Witonsky, a clinician and researcher at Virginia Tech, has received the Pfizer Award for her work on EPM, a neurologic disease that affects horses. Her research aims to discover the mechanism of Sarcocystis neurona's effects on horses and develop more effective diagnostic tests and vaccines.
A study published in Science found that Albertosaurus survived for two years with low mortality rates, but death rates increased after reaching teenage years. The research provides insight into the life patterns of tyrannosaurs and challenges previous theories about their behavior.
A new University of Florida study suggests that large dinosaurs, such as Sauroposeidon proteles, had body temperatures close to 48 degrees Celsius, comparable to modern-day birds and mammals. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that dinosaurs were cold-blooded reptiles.
A study by Craig McClain and colleagues found that marine snails in deep sea areas tend to be smaller than their shallow-water relatives, while those less than 12mm long become larger. This suggests a compromise between different selection pressures.
Researchers from the University of Georgia have found that laboratory rats possess detailed representations of remembered events, suggesting they may also have episodic-like memory. This discovery could lead to new insights into how humans with Alzheimer's or amnesia lose their memory.
Researchers studied gorilla population during Ebola outbreak and found transmission between groups led to high mortality rate. The study suggests ape-to-ape transmission plays a significant role in the spread of the virus.
Researchers found that mosquitoes of both sexes engage in complex mid-flight pre-mating duets, with each altering its flight tone in response to the other. This interaction serves as a mechanism for bringing together mosquitoes only of opposite sexes during pre-mating encounters.
The study estimates that birds have been going extinct at a rate of about one species per year since 1500, exceeding the natural rate by 100 times. Conservation efforts are reducing extinction rates to about one bird species every three or four years, but more species are likely to disappear during the 21st century.
A new study by McGill University researchers demonstrates that mice can display empathetic behavior, increasing their own pain sensitivity when exposed to the pain of a familiar mouse. This form of emotional contagion sheds light on the role of social interaction in pain management.
Researchers have found that mutations in MECP2 lead to overproduction of Uqcrc1 protein in mitochondria, resulting in abnormal energy production and potentially causing Rett syndrome symptoms. The study provides a genetic link between MECP2 and mitochondrial function, offering new insights into the disorder.
New neurons sprout robust, persistent connections after long-term changes in sensory experience, enabling efficient adaptation and learning. The discovery sheds light on the biological mechanisms of procedural learning and has implications for understanding implicit memory.
A new study suggests that cortisol levels alone may not be as useful for predicting the ability to quit smoking as the ratio of DHEA to cortisol. Research also found that oxytocin deficiency contributes to sweet tooth cravings, but not fatty snack preferences.
Researchers used DNA sequence profiling to re-examine the giant panda population in Wanglang Nature Reserve, doubling earlier estimates and finding no genetic evidence of a demographic bottleneck. The study suggests the species may have a better chance of long-term viability than previously thought.
The discovery of Gansus yumenensis, a loon-like ancient bird, sheds light on the early history of modern birds. Fossils found in China suggest that aquatic environments played a crucial role in the evolution of birds.
A recent animal study found that trans fat consumption can lead to weight gain despite controlled calorie intake. The study, led by Kylie Kavanagh and Lawrence L. Rudel, discovered that male monkeys fed a western-style diet rich in trans fat gained 7.2% more body weight compared to those on a monounsaturated fat diet.
Researchers found that scyllo-inositol prevented the accumulation of amyloid â deposits, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and improved cognitive abilities in mice. The study suggests that scyllo-inositol may be an effective experimental therapy for Alzheimer's disease.