Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in Nature finds that climate change created favorable conditions for a pathogenic fungus, leading to widespread extinctions of harlequin frogs. The research highlights the complex relationship between global warming and disease transmission, underscoring the urgent need to understand the impacts on biodiversity.
A unified physics theory explains how animals move by minimizing imperfections in their flows. The constructal law predicts relationships between body mass and speed, stride frequency, and muscle force, showing convergences across different species and environments.
Researchers found that red-headed Gouldian finches are more aggressive and dominant than black-headed and yellow-headed peers. The study suggests that the birds' bright red head color serves as a signal of dominance, allowing them to out-compete others for limited resources.
Rutgers researchers found a strong correlation between dance quality and body symmetry in Jamaican teenagers. The study used motion-capture technology to isolate dance movements and evaluated dancers' abilities based on their peers' ratings.
Researchers found that air pollution can cause atherosclerosis, the hardening of arteries, when combined with a high-fat diet. Mice exposed to polluted air developed more plaque and high blood pressure, indicating a clear cause-and-effect relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers analyzed sediment, soil, water, and animal tissue samples from the Katrina flood zone, finding high levels of lead and other contaminants. These findings highlight the need for cleanup measures to minimize potential health risks.
Researchers at Emory University Health Sciences Center found that administering neuregulin-1 reduces cell death by 90% and protects neurons from damage after surgically induced strokes. The compound's therapeutic window is longer than existing treatments, offering potential for new stroke therapies.
Researchers at Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine developed an accurate and cost-effective alternative to animal-derived insulin test kits. The new kit uses a synthetic medium, eliminating the need for animal serum and cells, and is expected to sell particularly well in Europe due to concerns about mad cow disease.
A study published in Nature found that greyhounds can sustain high speeds around corners without slowing down due to centripetal forces. Unlike humans, who are limited by cornering forces, greyhounds use a unique biomechanical approach that allows them to maintain speed.
Researchers find that different antibody isotypes bind to specific receptors on immune cells, determining their effectiveness in fighting tumors and viruses. The discovery opens up new possibilities for improving antibody-mediated cancer therapy and viral treatment.
A Hopkins study found that cochlear implants can prevent and even reverse damage to the brain's auditory nerve system in cats. The research supports earlier implantation of devices in young children born deaf, as it minimizes complications and maximizes hearing restoration success.
The study highlights the limitations of using surrogate animals to predict endangered species decline, arguing that target species are more relevant. The authors advocate directly examining the target species before resorting to substitute animals.
Researchers found that in fragmented habitats, Dupont's larks share songs more with neighbors than non-neighbors, suggesting a lack of interaction due to habitat barriers. This change may serve as an early warning system detecting the effects of fragmentation on bird populations.
The researchers created an artificial mammalian replication origin that can specify a DNA replication origin and enable scientists to explore the mechanism of replication initiation. This discovery will provide a new direction for creating vectors for gene therapy that are less mutagenic than current integrating vectors.
Researchers at the University of Florida have developed a DNA identification tool that can accurately identify species from animal tissue samples, with an error rate as low as 4%. The study uses a comprehensive catalog of species and analyzes tissue samples from marine organisms to quantify its effectiveness.
Marder's research on central pattern generators has led to breakthroughs in understanding neural circuit stability and its implications for diseases like mental illness, epilepsy, and chronic pain. Her work with crustaceans has expanded the field of neuroscience beyond mammals.
Researchers found that stathmin is critical for both innate and learned fear in mice. Mice lacking stathmin show reduced fear responses to stimuli, boldly exploring environments where normal mice would hesitate. This discovery advances our understanding of the neural circuitry involved in fear and offers potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers found that stathmin controls both innate and learned fear in mice, with knockout models showing impaired ability to learn fear and reduced instinctive fear. The study provides genetic evidence for the expression of innate fear and memory formation.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to prevent and treat atherosclerosis by transferring the apo A-I Milano gene or using antibody therapy to reduce plaque buildup. The studies show that these methods can significantly shrink existing plaques and even remove bad cholesterol.
Researchers studied individual neurons in cats' neocortex to understand multisensory integration, finding that many neurons can respond to multiple senses. The findings suggest that early sensory experiences play a significant role in shaping brain circuitry, with potential implications for treating disorders such as autism and dyslexia.
Scientists discovered new boundary sequences of fossils in the southeastern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, containing both leaf and pollen fossils. The findings suggest that rapid warming during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) led to changes in vegetation, with plants migrating north from their original southern habitats.
A recent study by Tulane University has shown that vaginal gels containing microbicides can effectively prevent HIV transmission in monkeys. The researchers tested three compounds, which were found to be effective when used alone or in combination, with minimal side effects.
A £2.6m project will examine early life events affecting farm animal stress and quality of life. The research aims to create standards for risk periods and understand the interaction between genetics and environment to optimize animal health and welfare.
The analysis shows that animals have varying sleep patterns to optimize their chances of finding food and avoiding danger. Human sleep follows similar rules as other animals, but is shorter in duration.
The NIH has awarded nearly $30 million to support research facility improvements, including new labs and animal housing at several institutions. The funding will enable enhanced research capabilities for studies on major illnesses like AIDS, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers found that two monkey species, cotton-top tamarins and common marmosets, exhibit differing propensities toward patience and impulsivity depending on the context of the choice being made. The study suggests that impulsivity is context-specific and shaped by a history of ecological pressures.
A recent study published in Science demonstrates a new and sensitive assay for infecting prion diseases, including CJD and scrapie. The research shows that persistent replication of the infectious agent provides protection against more virulent strains, without requiring misfolded prions.
Researchers at New Mexico State University are testing retinal scans on cattle for identification purposes, achieving near-perfect results in terms of speed and accuracy. The technology uses a painless beam of light to record the pattern of veins in the eye, providing a unique identifier similar to a Social Security number.
Researchers have identified the PrPC protein as a crucial component in the neuronal metabolism of calcium, shedding new light on the cause of mad cow disease. The study found that prions damage perineuronal nests, leading to neuronal death and disease progression.
John Hobbie, a renowned marine biologist, is being honored with the Lifetime Achievement Award for his pioneering work on decomposition and productivity in aquatic ecosystems. With over 40 years of research experience, he has made significant contributions to our understanding of estuaries and coastal ecosystems.
A $2.25 million NSF grant will enhance MorphBank, a morphology database, to facilitate international collaboration and improve image retrieval with advanced search techniques. The system aims to change scientist habits by providing a platform for depositing images, commenting on research results, and accessing relevant information.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have developed a new monoclonal antibody targeting immune system B cells that shows promise in treating leukemias, autoimmune diseases, and transplant rejection. The treatment effectively depletes malignant B cell tumors and reduces circulating antibody levels.
Researchers found that vanadium supplementation sped recovery in mice, with 50% faster recovery times in both diabetic and non-diabetic animals. The exact mechanism is unclear but may involve vanadium's metal-related shape or ability to inhibit tyrosine phosphatases.
Research shows that Viagra reduced demand for seals, sea horses, and tigers used in TCM treatments. The study surveyed 256 Chinese men aged 50-76, finding more men previously used TCM treatments than current users.
A study found that fish indirectly aid plant reproduction by reducing adult dragonflies, which in turn increase bee and butterfly populations, leading to more plant pollination. The research highlights the unexpected connections among species and how human activities can shape nature.
The crystal structure of IRAK-4 reveals a distinct highly structured loop that differs from its Pelle counterpart, indicating a need for revised molecular recognition and potential new targets for treating arthritis and inflammation.
Researchers successfully disrupted cocaine memories to battle addiction, utilizing anti-sense DNA treatment that blocked gene activation. This approach may provide a powerful and novel method to diminish the impact of drug cues, thereby reducing relapse rates.
A team of scientists has created a new method for controlled release of drugs by layering thin polymer films with embedded drugs. This technique allows for precise timing and sequence control, opening up broader applications in medicine.
Researchers found that prenatal exposure to domoic acid levels below those deemed safe for adults caused lasting behavioral effects and impaired memory in rats. The findings imply that unborn children may be negatively affected by the toxin at levels not causing symptoms in expectant mothers.
Researchers found that displaced songbirds in the high Arctic use a combination of geomagnetic and solar cues to adjust their orientation. The study suggests that birds may rely on declination to determine longitudinal position, allowing them to navigate despite challenging conditions.
Researchers are studying how insects recognize infection caused by microorganisms and the pathway of reactions that follow in their immune systems. The goal is to understand how to disrupt disease transmission by blood-feeding insects, such as mosquitoes.
Researchers propose that human TSE-contaminated material was the cause of BSE, transmitted via animal feed, and originated from the Indian subcontinent. The study calls for global cooperation between public health, agriculture, and industry organizations to thoroughly investigate the sources of animal by-products.
A recent study found that infected tall fescue grass outcompetes native plants more quickly when herbivores are present. The symbiotic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum produces alkaloids that harm livestock, but also contributes to the spread of infected fescue.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed new tests for detecting Johne's disease in cattle, enabling faster diagnosis and reducing economic losses. The tests can detect the bacteria in fecal matter or milk and are completed in 72 hours or less with high accuracy.
Researchers have identified two novel compound classes that target the ryanodine receptor in insects, offering a promising alternative to older, less-selective insecticides. These compounds, developed by Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd. and Bayer CropScience AG, show high potency and mammalian safety against pest insects.
Researchers at Cornell University have provided new evidence for the existence of the ivory-billed woodpecker, a species once thought to be extinct. The video analysis highlights key differences in wing coloration between the two bird species, supporting the claim that the footage shows an ivory-billed woodpecker.
Researchers have released new audio recordings of ivory-billed woodpeckers, showing striking similarities to existing evidence. The findings suggest a high probability that multiple birds exist in the area, providing additional hope for the species' survival.
Researchers found that bright-colored light can interfere with birds' magnetoreception, but in dim light, they still use a 'chemical compass' to migrate. The study reveals two distinct mechanisms of magnetoreceptors in birds: an inclination compass and a polarity-driven compass.
Researchers studied fruit flies' gap-climbing behavior, revealing three motor programs and complex motor patterns composed of behavioral subunits. Flies adapt and improve their movements to traverse gaps beyond their body size.
Researchers demonstrated that birds can be trained to respond to a magnetic direction and found that the ability to orient with magnetic cues is present in an ancient avian lineage. The new approach uses a social stimulus, unlike most previous attempts which relied on food rewards.
Researchers found chimpanzees learn by observation and adopt traditions through ape-to-ape transmission. Chimpanzee groups conform to established norms, even when alternative methods exist, suggesting an ancient origin for cultural conformity in non-human primates.
A team of scientists proposes rewilding vast ecological history parks with large mammals from Africa, aiming to revitalize ecosystems and create jobs. The plan could fill gaps in the web of interactions between species, restoring diverse ecosystems and promoting biodiversity.
The study uses a new global database to show that different measures of biodiversity, such as species richness and extinction risk, do not map consistently across the globe. This finding highlights the need for a more nuanced approach to conservation strategy.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have developed a way to reduce phytate levels in animal feed, making it more nutritious. By understanding the biochemical pathway of phytate synthesis in plants, they were able to create low-phytate strains of feed grains that could improve nutrition and reduce environmental pollution.
Cornell researchers have discovered audio recordings that suggest at least two birds, including the ivory-billed woodpecker, are present in Arkansas. The sound of a distinct double rap and nasal 'kent' calls have been confirmed by several top ornithologists, who initially disputed the initial evidence.
Scientists created a luciferase-based monitoring system using the firefly protein to track IKK activity in tumor cells and inflamed liver cells. This allows for real-time monitoring of drug effects and fine-tuning of dosages, saving time and cost compared to traditional methods.
Researchers found a significant difference in POP concentrations between grizzlies with and without a steady diet of salmon. The study suggests that the reproductive window of these bears may be vulnerable to health impacts due to the high contaminant levels.
A study found that psychological stress delays wound healing by up to 45% due to impaired cell differentiation and reduced oxygen levels. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy eliminated this delay, as it restored nitric oxide levels necessary for healing.
A study by Penn State researchers found that invasive brushy honeysuckle hybridized with the Rhagoletis pomonella fruit fly, creating a new insect species. The discovery suggests that hybridization is a common mechanism for speciation in animals, similar to what occurs in plants.
Hassan Khalil's model will allow for new experimentation in artificial organ control, making experiments more flexible and predictable. The collaboration between UH and the Texas Medical Center fosters collaborations between engineers, doctors, and professionals.