Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have successfully used gene therapy to partially correct protein deficiency responsible for hemophilia B in dogs, suggesting its potential for human treatment. The corrected genes produced blood clotting protein factor IX steadily more than a year and a half after treatment.
Research by Japanese scientists found that beer inhibited the action of mutagens caused by suspected cancer-causing compounds, with stout beers showing the most potent effect. The study also showed that red and white wines, brandy, and Japanese sake had similar inhibitory effects.
Researchers have genetically modified Salmonella bacteria to reduce virulence and increase safety while retaining tumor-targeting properties. The modified bacteria exhibit reduced ability to induce TNF-alpha and cause septic shock, making them safer for human use.
Cystic fibrosis damages young lungs due to chronic bacterial infections and a lack of liquid layer, which hinders the body's natural cleansing process. Researchers have discovered that the film of liquid coating airways is depleted in CF patients, preventing cilia from functioning properly.
A Cornell University study reveals that male wattled jacanas are tolerant of their mates' infidelity because they understand the benefits of polyandry, a mating system where females pair with multiple males. The study found that over 40% of chicks in these nests were not sired by the care-taking male.
The accelerating universe is the top research advance of 1998, with scientists discovering that galaxies are flying apart at ever faster speeds. Researchers also made significant progress in understanding circadian rhythms, which could provide insight into overcoming jet lag and winter depression.
Researchers at Clemson University are testing a naturally occurring disease to control fire ant populations, which have devastating effects on the environment and economy. The disease reduces the ability of queen ants to lay eggs, slowly killing colonies over six to eight months.
Researchers are searching for evidence that can support or refute the hypothesis that Uintacrinus could have floated, a staggering feat considering its size. Geologists Meyer and Milsom have found new fossil material in Kansas and Colorado, which will help them understand how crinoids were preserved and potentially answer this question.
Researchers have found that temporarily blocking sex hormones can boost the immune system of people with HIV, cancer, and those who have received immunosuppressive treatments. The study suggests that drugs that suppress sex hormone production may help restore immune function and combat diseases.
Australian scientists have discovered key facts about the Hendra disease, a mysterious virus that infects horses, cats, guinea pigs, and fruit bats. Research shows the virus can be transmitted through contaminated food and cat urine, and is often deadly, even if not highly contagious.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans, a tiny worm with similarities to humans. The completed genome reveals over 19,000 protein-coding genes and sheds light on human biology.
Researchers at Michigan State University found that adding cherry tissue to ground beef retards spoilage and reduces the formation of suspected cancer-causing compounds like HAAs. The resulting product had fewer HAAs when pan-fried, with an overall reduction of 69-78.5 percent.
Scientists have identified a gene that plays a crucial role in detecting bacterial infections, potentially leading to the prevention of endotoxic shock. The discovery may enable the creation of a test to screen for people with genetic defects and provide a new approach to preventing deadly infections.
A recent study found a link between an asteroid/comet impact and the disappearance of 35 mammal species and a flightless bird 3.3 million years ago in southeastern Argentina. The research suggests that the impact may have triggered a climate change, leading to regional extinctions.
A previously unknown contaminant similar to PCBs and dioxins has been found in the eggs of Atlantic and Pacific Ocean seabirds, with concentrations significantly higher in Pacific Ocean eggs. The study suggests that the contaminant exists primarily in the surface layer of the ocean.
Researchers created genetically altered mice that exhibit anxiety to study the serotonin system's contribution to anxiety and depression. The model could help develop more refined targets for psychiatric drugs and provide insights into inherited personality disorders.
By increasing sound processing speed in adult rats, researchers gained insight into brain mechanisms linked to language impairments and dyslexia. The study demonstrates the brain's 'plasticity' and suggests that neurons can be altered to improve efficiency in processing sounds.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have isolated a rotaviral strain's receptors, which can be used to create a synthetic mimic that blocks the virus. The team hopes to use this alternative therapy to protect against disease without causing infection.
Researchers analyzed two cores retrieved from a Bolivian glacier, discovering that the tropics were much cooler during the last glacial stage, with temperatures estimated to be around 5-6 degrees Celsius lower than today. The findings also suggest that the region was wetter and experienced massive lakes forming on the plateau.
Researchers have developed a nasal vaccine that could protect people from pneumonic plague, the disease responsible for the Black Death. The vaccine, which targets tissue lining the gut and respiratory system, has shown promising results in mice trials.
A study of 4,108 participants found no association between normal use of hair color products and risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The study suggests that hair dye use is an unlikely risk factor for the disease.
Researchers have developed a new method to introduce genes into unfertilized oocytes, increasing the efficiency of producing transgenic cattle. This breakthrough could make traditional methods obsolete and pave the way for applications in agricultural livestock and other mammals.
Scientists found that genetically altered mice with altered neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels exhibited changes in alcohol consumption behavior. Mice lacking NPY drank more, while those with high NPY levels consumed less and were more sensitive to the sedative effects of alcohol.
Researchers found that rats fed high amounts of fructose for a year showed age-related alterations in their skin and bone collagen. Fructose consumption may decrease glucose tolerance, increase insulin resistance, and speed up glycation, contributing to aging processes.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a mutation that prevents sperm maturation in mice, which could lead to treatments for male sterility and development of new male contraceptives. The morc gene is expressed only in males during the earliest stages of sperm production.
Researchers at Duke University have identified 31 genes that react to cadmium exposure, including 22 previously unknown genes. These findings offer new insights into the toxic effects of cadmium and potential biomarkers for monitoring contamination.
A low-protein diet boosts thermogenesis, releasing excess energy as heat rather than storing it as fat. This results in reduced body weight gain and increased exercise motivation.
Researchers have identified a previously unknown light-sensitive pigment in the eye, skin, and brain that regulates mammals' internal clocks. This discovery has significant implications for treating depression and reducing accidents during night work shifts, as it allows for better synchronization with daily cycles.
Researchers at Penn State have discovered specific compounds in garlic that lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting liver cell production. The study found three water-soluble sulfur-containing compounds that decreased cholesterol production in cultured rat liver cells by 40 to 60 percent, with potential implications for heart health.
Researchers found that polyunsaturated fat in vegetable oil may lead to less hardening of arteries than monounsaturated fat in olive oil. The grant renewal supports studies on the effects of dietary fat type on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and coronary artery disease.
Purdue researchers successfully restored electrical nerve impulses in severed spinal cords by applying a non-toxic polymer, PEG. The technique, called fusion technology, repairs damaged nerve cells and enables some impulses to reach the other end of the cord in up to 58% of cases.
Researchers have discovered plant glutamate receptors, which work similarly to human receptors in the brain. This finding suggests that plants possess a signaling system for neurotransmitters, enabling potential use as a model system to study neurological functions.
Researchers found genes encoding for glutamate receptors in plants, indicating a common cell-to-cell communication system between plants and animals. This discovery may explain why certain plants produce neuroactive compounds that activate human brain receptors.
A Georgia Tech study found that sensory neurons in animal limbs play a critical role in determining what information is received and what behaviors result. Researchers successfully transplanted female feeding claws onto males, demonstrating novel input processing by the brain.
Researchers at UCSF have found that DHEA can reverse the effects of Endothelin-1, a peptide elevated in most heart diseases, by dilating coronary arteries and increasing endothelial cell function. This study provides scientific credence to DHEA's potential benefits on cardiovascular health.
A study has found that environmental stimuli can trigger neurochemical changes in the brain similar to those caused by cocaine use, leading to overwhelming cravings in recovering addicts. Dr. Leonard Howell's research suggests that a medication targeting the serotonin system may prevent such cravings.
The Johns Hopkins University engineering graduate student created a website to address questions on the impact of climate change on public health and policy makers' responses. The site provides research tools, links to experts, and raw data for researchers.
A case study published in JAMA reports a patient experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms after stopping valerian supplements. The researchers emphasize the importance of asking patients about herbal product use and providing open-minded care to address potential side effects and interactions.
A 12-year study of doctors found that men who ate a diet rich in nuts had a decreased risk of dying from heart disease. In another study, people eating an oat-rich diet had lower blood pressure and reduced cholesterol levels.
Hydralazine improves cell health by decreasing free radicals, a chemical byproduct of normal aerobic activities. The medication has been used for decades to treat high blood pressure and appears to have a positive side effect.
A new Ohio University study reveals that alligators evolved from semi-erect to sprawl postures, contrary to the conventional theory of animal posture evolution. Researchers analyzed alligator movement and found that their walking patterns are more similar to those of salamanders and lizards than previously thought.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine successfully isolated and cultured human embryonic stem cells, a long-sought achievement. The versatile cells have the potential to rapidly study human processes and develop new therapies for various diseases, including diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and muscular dystrophies.
A Guatemalan forest has been identified as the world's most diverse home of slime molds, with over 1,000 species collected by Ohio University researcher James Cavender. The discovery highlights the importance of these ancient organisms in maintaining soil health and fertility.
A recent study published in the journal Science has shed new light on the phenomenon of phantom limbs in amputees. Researchers found that the brain adapts by reorganizing nerve cells and increasing activity in pain-related areas, potentially leading to new strategies for preventing post-amputation pain and recovery of function.
Duke University chemists have developed novel liquid polymers that can be solidified by laser light to seal transplanted insulin-producing cells inside a selectively permeable capsule. The microcapsules reduce excessive blood sugar levels in experimental diabetic rats for up to eight days.
Purdue University researchers have developed a new way to preserve species by transplanting ovarian tissue from one animal into another, enabling the production of viable eggs in a wide variety of female mammals. The breakthrough could boost breeding programs for endangered species and address fertility problems in humans.
Researchers at Kanagawa University have invented a technique to store human organs for up to 10 days using the natural preservative trehalose. The method involves flushing organs with trehalose solution and storing them in silica gel, allowing for longer-term preservation without significant tissue damage.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill reduce arthritis severity in laboratory rats by turning off the molecular switch NF-kappa B, which controls inflammatory genes. The study demonstrates feasibility of new treatments, including gene therapy, and suggests potential systemic therapeutic effects.
A study by government scientists found restaurant-prepared meats contain cancer-causing compounds up to ten times higher than similar fast food items. Heterocyclic amines, formed during cooking, are believed to contribute to cancer in people.
Notter's research helps farmers worldwide develop breeds suited to their environments, reducing pressure on the environment through gradual introduction of new breeds. His work also informs global strategies for livestock management.
Researchers discovered that mice lacking myoglobin survive normally despite their inability to transport oxygen. Further study will explore alternative genes that enable the heart and muscles to function correctly.
Researchers have discovered ancient reptile nests in Arizona's Petrified Forest, dating back 220 million years. The finds push the fossil record of reptile nesting behavior back by 110 million years.
UB researchers found that a minor plant-based fat called B-sitosterol enhances an intracellular signaling system that tells cells not to divide, inhibiting prostate-cancer cell growth. The study showed a 28% inhibition of cancer-cell growth after five days in vitro.
Researchers trained monkeys to discriminate computer-generated images containing different numbers of objects and respond in ascending order. The study suggests that monkeys share human-like capacity for simple arithmetic, potentially tracing human intelligence to animal origins.
Scientists at UNC-CH discovered that Groucho proteins and Tcf interact to repress internal signaling activity, determining which genes are turned on. This finding could help explain cancer development and contribute to therapies to reverse deadly growth.
Researchers found that mice without the D2 receptor had lower alcohol consumption and aversion, suggesting a genetic basis for alcoholism. The study provides insight into the complex interaction between dopamine receptors and systems in the brain.
Eating foods high in solanaceous glycoalkaloids (SGAs) like potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants days before surgery may delay the metabolism of anesthetic drugs, leading to unpredictable responses. SGAs inhibit two enzymes responsible for breaking down anesthetics, causing them to act longer than expected.
Research at Johns Hopkins University suggests that fur traders' hunting habits may have changed the local ecosystem, altering stream flow and vegetation. The study aims to understand how human activities affect natural resources and inform future development plans.
Researchers attribute sharp declines in sea otter numbers to killer whale predation, linked to changes in oceanic and nearshore ecosystems. The study highlights the impact of ecological chain reactions on coastal food webs and species populations.
In a study on roundworms, UCSF researchers found that a gene controlling aging acts not within individual cells but rather coordinates the aging process of the whole organism. The discovery suggests a mechanism that causes all cells to reach a consensus on aging, potentially offering insight into human aging.