Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that tumors with a specific BRCA2 mutation are more sensitive to radiation and certain chemotherapy drugs. This suggests genetic screening could be used to tailor treatment for patients with this mutation, potentially improving outcomes.
University of Pittsburgh researchers discover that boosting CD8 T cells, also known as killer T cells, can establish long-term immunity against HIV-1. By treating dendritic cells with HIV-1 proteins and interleukin-12, the immune system can be trained to recognize and attack infected cells.
Researchers discovered a plant-like metabolic pathway essential for survival of certain parasites, including those causing malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. The finding provides new targets for anti-parasitic medications, including the possibility of medicines related to herbicides.
A study published in the journal Science warns that regional populations of large predators are at risk of collapse due to high mortality rates outside national parks. The researchers recommend expanding 'no-kill' zones, improving hunter education, and increasing park size to protect roaming wildlife.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have successfully grown new kidneys in rats by placing developing rat kidneys inside adult rat abdominal cavities. The resulting organs function and thrive, suggesting a possible alternative to traditional kidney transplantation.
A University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study found that St. John's Wort can cut alcohol consumption in laboratory animals by up to 50 percent. The herb's active ingredient, hypericin, may prove effective in the fight against alcoholism without causing side effects.
New research from the Ispra, Italy meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals has made significant progress in developing and validating alternative methods to animal testing. These advances aim to reduce animal pain and distress while improving human health protection and environmental prot...
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed microneedle arrays that can deliver small quantities of high-potency medications through the skin without causing pain. The arrays, produced with microelectronics industry techniques, penetrate only the outermost layer of skin with no nerve endings.
Scientists have developed a stripped-down gene therapy approach using naked DNA to treat rheumatoid arthritis in rats. The treatment, which injected TGF-ß plasmids into muscle tissue, significantly reduced chronic arthritis symptoms and joint inflammation.
Researchers at Ohio State University identified 15 fundamental desires and values that guide human behavior, including basic needs and social desires. The study found that at least 12 of the desires have a genetic basis, and a new test can measure individual differences in these desires.
A study in fruit flies reveals a molecular pathway that regulates sensitivity to alcohol, shedding light on why some people are more prone to becoming alcoholics. The researchers hope to find similar genes in humans and link them to alcoholic behaviors.
A genetic study published in Animal Conservation reveals that Sumatran tigers are a distinct species from all mainland tiger subspecies. The research, led by Joel Cracraft, uses mitochondrial DNA sequencing to confirm the unique genetic markers of Sumatran tigers, supporting their classification as a separate species.
Two teams of scientists have identified similar genes that control the daily cycles of life, revealing a simple feedback loop mechanism. This breakthrough sheds light on how animals like humans regulate their sleep-wake cycles, and may help explain why heart attacks occur more often in the morning.
A Duke University Medical Center pharmacologist finds that maternal smoking causes massive numbers of crib deaths and severe neurological problems in
A comprehensive review article by Stephen S. Hecht summarizes the biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific nitrosamines, linking them to lung cancer formation. The article highlights the importance of understanding these compounds for developing effective chemoprevention strategies and targeted prevention methods.
Researchers discovered Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites in 7.3% and 11.7% of stool samples from dogs, with puppies under 30 weeks old most affected. Despite no visible symptoms, these parasites can cause serious illness in humans.
Researchers have discovered that dust mites cluster together to survive dry spells, which may lead to new ways of exterminating them. The study found that males cluster to conserve moisture, while females do not, and that pheromones may play a role in finding mates.
The Bluff site, a Pueblo great house in the Four Corners region, shows signs of occupation well after the Chaco culture collapsed. The discovery suggests possible religious revival and potential movement of people from Chaco Canyon to the Aztec site.
The discovery of Majungatholus atopus sheds new light on the dinosaur family Abelisauridae, which has been found only in South America and India. The fossil's unique structure suggests it was a top predator on Madagascar, feeding on sauropod dinosaurs.
A team of researchers has discovered a nearly complete skull of the large predatory dinosaur Majungatholus, which lived during the Late Cretaceous period. The fossil, found on the island of Madagascar, sheds light on the habits and characteristics of this enigmatic theropod dinosaur.
A study suggests that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid in red meats and cheeses, can prevent the onset of diabetes in laboratory animals. CLA appears to work as well as new diabetes-fighting drugs, thiazolidinediones.
Researchers have utilized viruses as tools for material science and drug delivery, using their protein coats to admit and expel organic and inorganic material. The potential implications include creating unlimited numbers of homogeneously sized crystals for semiconductor production and targeted cancer therapies.
Biosphere 2, a closed system that supported eight scientists for two years, offers valuable lessons for long-term space missions. The system's life support and agricultural systems will be crucial for future space travel.
Researchers have made significant strides in reducing post-surgical brain deficits by modifying surgical technique and using ultrasound monitors to detect emboli. The team has cut the number of patients experiencing confusion, memory loss, and personality changes after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Researchers have created transgenic mice that can see over a range of about 360 nanometers, more than humans or old world primates. The mice will be used to investigate scientific questions related to the nervous system's adaptability and how neurons connect to new information.
Research suggests that hyperbaric oxygen therapy could save millions in treating victims of stroke, epilepsy, and spinal cord injury. The therapy increases blood oxygen levels and may prevent reperfusion injuries by modulating the immune system.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered that zebra mussels can colonize sandy and muddy substrates in Lake Erie, a finding that challenges previous assumptions about the mussel's habitat requirements. The study found that densities of some zebra mussel colonies exceed 20,000 animals per square meter.
The Pediatric Academic Societies have reported significant advancements in children's health, with studies revealing the safety of vaccines, successful interventions to reduce childhood obesity, and promising gene therapies. Researchers have also made progress in understanding the effects of cocaine exposure on babies and improving out...
Researchers found naphthalene in termite nests, sparking speculation about its source. Termites may produce naphthalene through microbial action on food or soil, according to Dr. Henderson.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have shown that a compound called BAF protects newborn rats from brain damage. The findings suggest that administering BAF after the damaging procedure is just as effective as giving it ahead of time, and that it also protects when injected systemically.
A massive gene study suggests that mammals first evolved around 100 million years ago during the Cretaceous era, much earlier than previously estimated. The research used genetic data from over 10,000 species to infer origin dates, contradicting fossil-based estimates that linked mammal evolution to mass extinctions.
A Virginia Tech researcher is studying the life cycles of black bears, including their mating habits and hibernation patterns. The study has revealed that bears implant embryos before denning, but the exact timing may vary from year to year.
Researchers have generated mice with human apoE3 or apoE4 genes, showing that apoE3 promotes nerve cell outgrowth while apoE4 does not. This study provides new insights into the biological effects of apoE variants and may offer a common mechanism for their adverse effects on neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have shown that an edible vaccine can safely trigger significant immune responses in humans. Ten of the 11 volunteers who ingested transgenic potatoes had fourfold rises in serum antibodies, and six developed intestinal antibodies. The study demonstrates a potential solution for reducing vaccine burden in developing countries.
Researchers at UPMC report significant improvements in survival times and intercranial pressure in animals treated with the bio-artificial liver assist device. The device aims to provide temporary support to patients with acute liver failure until their liver recovers or transplantation is possible.
Duke researchers develop a molecular decoy protein that blocks the signaling pathway leading to heart cell growth in response to high blood pressure. The study provides a potential single-drug therapy strategy for treating congestive heart failure.
Researchers at the University of Delaware found that older rats instinctively seek out hot spots to combat infections, a behavior that could lead to new treatments for older adults. By providing these animals with control over their environment, scientists were able to induce fever and stimulate the immune system.
Researchers found that patients with poor diabetes control had depleted antioxidants, increasing the risk of complications. Taking antioxidant supplements like vitamin C or E may help prevent these complications.
Researchers at Purdue University are conducting a project to count and identify desert plants in Egypt's New Valley region before irrigation begins. The goal is to preserve native plant species and understand the ecological impact of water reclamation on vegetation.
A team of researchers led by Stephen M. Highstein will study the response of saltwater fish to near-zero gravity conditions on a space shuttle mission. By analyzing signals from the fish's brains, they hope to reveal clues about why astronauts suffer from motion sickness in space.
A European epidemiological study found a weak but significant association between certain factors and sporadic CJD, including consumption of raw meat or brain tissue. The researchers noted that the study is only a first step and many questions remain to be answered.
Researchers discovered that oligodendrocytes, responsible for white matter protection, are vulnerable to elevated levels of glutamate after brain or spinal cord injury. Compounds that block glutamate's action may prevent this damage and improve day-to-day function for people with spinal cord injuries.
Exposure to stress during puberty results in abnormal aggressive and submissive behaviors, as well as neurobiological alterations, in hamsters. The study suggests that an imbalance in vasopressin and serotonin brain chemical systems contributes to inappropriate behavior.
Research at USC highlights how neurodiverse brains interact with their families to develop coping strategies and resilience.
Researchers found that choline supplementation during pregnancy led to increased memory capability in offspring, as brain circuits were primed to learn and retain new information. This finding has implications for pregnant women and their children, potentially leading to the development of dietary supplements to enhance memory function.
Scientists at Case Western Reserve University and Queen's University have identified the first step in the formation of toxic amyloid plaques believed responsible for Alzheimer's destruction. Researchers have found promising lead molecules that may prevent plaque aggregation, potentially leading to new treatments.
Researchers found that when H. pylori attaches to stomach cells with a specific molecule called Leb, it triggers an immune response that can lead to ulcers, inflammation, and increased risk of stomach cancer. The study provides a genetically well-defined model for studying bacterial attachment and its role in disease.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have found that a mysterious protein in a nematode worm plays a pivotal role in cell division and differentiation. The study validates earlier cell culture experiments on viral cancer-causing proteins.
A recent study by Patricia Kramer suggests that early human ancestors like Lucy walked at a slow speed, similar to a leisurely stroll, allowing them to conserve energy. This efficient walking style enabled them to gather food and reproduce without excessive energy expenditure, particularly important for primate females.
Researchers uncover evidence of complex behaviors, symbolic thinking, and problem-solving among early humans in southern China. Large mammal remains show signs of human intervention, such as burning and cutting marks, suggesting a deliberate process of collection and use.
A recent study found that brain-enriched hyaluronan binding protein (BEHAB) is a key factor in brain cancer cells' ability to invade healthy tissue. Researchers hope to develop therapies that block BEHAB's function or reduce its production, potentially slowing tumor progression.
Scientists have identified peptides substance P and neurokinin A as key components in the body's pain responses. The study suggests that these peptides work together to produce moderate-to-severe pain, offering a potential target for new pain treatments.
A study found that soy protein with phytoestrogens significantly reduced atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal monkeys, similar to mammalian estrogen therapy. The treatment also improved cholesterol profiles, including increased HDL levels and reduced LDL/VLDL levels.
Researchers discovered the spontaneous trait transference phenomenon, where people who describe positive or negative traits in others are often attributed those same traits. This occurs even when participants are told there's no connection between the speakers and statements, suggesting an irrational, unconscious process.
Research shows that alcohol has a markedly different effect on the brain depending on age, with young people experiencing more significant impairments in learning and memory. Young animals and humans respond differently to alcohol, developing tolerance and sedation at a younger age than adults.
Nitrate reductase is an efficient enzyme essential for plants to acquire nitrate. Researchers aim to create a 3-D model of the enzyme to understand its structure and function. The study seeks to overcome production limitations and unlock the enzyme's full potential.
Researchers developed a mini respirator for mutant mice, increasing survival rate by over 50 percent. The machine uses oscillated pressure to inflate and deflate the lungs, addressing limitations of conventional respirators in small animals.
Researchers at the University of Florida successfully prevented high blood pressure and its damaging effects on the heart and kidneys in laboratory animals. The study used gene therapy to decrease the effectiveness of angiotensin II, a hormone that regulates blood pressure, and showed promising results.
Researchers from Johns Hopkins and Finland have developed a new mathematical formula that can accurately measure changes in brain activity due to oxygen levels. This breakthrough could lead to major advances in fMRI technology, enabling doctors to diagnose diseases by comparing levels of substances in the blood.
A team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati and other institutions has identified the first gene responsible for age-related hearing loss in mice. The Ahl gene is located on mouse Chromosome 10 and appears to be a single, recessive trait that causes significant hearing losses in older mice.