Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discover orexin-A and orexin-B neuropeptides stimulate food consumption in laboratory rats. The study's findings suggest a new molecular basis for regulating feeding behavior and may lead to the development of medications to inhibit eating habits.
Among the Bari of Venezuela, promiscuous mothers who have secondary fathers benefit their children's survival rates. The study found that children with secondary fathers had an 80% survival rate compared to 64% for those without. Small food gifts during times of scarcity are believed to be the primary reason for this increase.
A team of researchers has successfully created a genetically engineered Salmonella bacterium that can serve as an oral contraceptive for feral cats. The vaccine induces antibodies that block sperm fertilization, potentially helping to control the nation's stray cat population and mitigate their impact on songbird populations.
Researchers found cancer cells self-destruct when glucose is cut off, suggesting a potent new way to fight cancer with few side effects. The discovery was made using a compound that disrupts glycolysis, the process that produces energy from sugar, and could be used in combination with existing treatments.
Researchers found that female African frogs use a rapid series of loud clicks to attract mates, triggering a reciprocal signaling system. This discovery contradicts traditional views on mating habits and highlights the role of hormones in regulating vocalization and courtship behavior.
Researchers are working on long-term artificial heart replacement devices that can be used in humans within five years. Temporary ventricular assist devices have saved thousands of lives and continue to be a major part of heart replacement research.
A team of Penn State researchers is reacquainting old friends by integrating statistical principles back into astronomy. They are using advanced methods such as time series analysis, sampling theory, and nonlinear regressions to tackle complex problems like large-scale clustering of galaxies and the internal structure of the sun.
Recent research highlights the strong influence of genes on individual variations in response to diet, influencing predisposition to obesity and atherosclerosis. Genetic analysis may lead to tailored diet plans and drug regimens for heart disease and stroke prevention.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that high-testosterone males were more likely to fertilize females other than their mates, resulting in fewer offspring with their own mates. Conversely, these males produced more offspring with the mates of their neighbors.
Researchers have discovered reproductive and hormonal problems in alligators from Lake Okeechobee, similar to those found in the highly polluted Lake Apopka. The study suggests that environmental toxicants can affect thyroid function and growth in animals.
Researchers have identified a protein in viper venom that blocks the spread of tumors in laboratory mice. The study may lead to the development of new cancer-fighting drugs. Scientists are now working on understanding the molecular structure of the protein, eristostatin, which could help unlock its potential as a therapeutic agent.
Researchers at Cornell University have identified a chemical compound, anabaseine, in the secretions of ants that shows promise as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The compound stimulates nicotine receptor sites in the brains of patients and helps reduce memory loss.
Janet Randall deciphered the communication system used by great gerbils to warn their kin of danger, discovering a variable warning system that alerts family members to the degree of risk. The gerbils' altruistic motives contrast with those of kangaroo rats, which use foot-drumming to ward off predators.
Researchers at USC identified signals in the cerebellum and inferior olive that cause blocking, a phenomenon where animals fail to associate new stimuli with learned responses. Blocking prevents distraction from redundant or erroneous signals, ensuring efficient learning.
Researchers at UPCI have found that a steroid drug improves the effectiveness of a vitamin D analogue in killing cancer cells while reducing a potentially life-threatening side effect. The combination of dexamethasone and 1,25-D3 was more effective than 1,25-D3 alone in preventing tumor growth and reducing blood calcium levels.
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts have successfully created two healthy, genetically modified cloned calves using a combination of cloning techniques with genetic engineering. The calves, named Charlie and George, were born last week after four years of research by James Robl and Steven Stice.
Researchers identify eight physical indicators of stress, including blood pressure and cortisol levels, that can predict deadly consequences. Exercise is shown to be an effective antidote to break the cycle of chronic stress and its associated health problems.
Researchers found that rats receiving ginkgo biloba extract learned quicker and made fewer errors in learning tasks, with an average lifespan of five months longer than control animals. The study suggests that the extract may have a positive effect on longevity beyond its purported benefits on brain function.
Researchers at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine are studying the causes of cancer using ACS grants. The studies focus on understanding growth-factor signaling pathways and retroviral viruses that cause skin tumors in fish.
The Vegetarian Diet Pyramid offers a well-balanced ovo-lacto vegetarian diet plan emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. The pyramid recommends daily exercise and water intake, while optional foods include eggs and sweets.
A new study reports that ancient dinosaurs were killed by sudden avalanches of water-soaked sand flowing down the sides of dunes, burying their bodies swiftly. The research also uncovered the first dinosaur footprints ever found in the Gobi Desert.
A team of internationally renowned scientists returns from a month-long deep sea scientific expedition off the coast of Cuba, discovering four brand new species and 26 previously unknown fish. The expedition used advanced technology to explore coral reefs and shipwrecks, shedding light on underwater conservation.
The second Dynamics Days international conference will bring together experts in chaos, nonlinear dynamics, and complex systems to share their research. Speakers will discuss topics such as internet storms, animal coordination, extinction causes, and pattern formations.
Scientists have found that exposure to Pfiesteria toxin can cause significant learning deficits in rats, impairing their ability to learn new tasks but not memory recall. The study's findings suggest a growing human health concern and hazard to marine estuaries along the Atlantic coastal waters.
In 1997, scientists made significant discoveries in cloning, with the cloning of Dolly sparking debate on ethics and potential benefits. The year also saw major breakthroughs in Mars exploration, gamma ray bursts, and advances in genetic understanding, including the identification of clock genes and microbial genomes.
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University have successfully regenerated axons in adult rat brains using transplanted nerve cells. The study's findings suggest a potential for regeneration in the adult central nervous system, offering new hope for treating neurological disorders.
The University of Georgia team is compiling a comprehensive map of South Florida's national parks and preserves, using aerial photographs, satellite images, and GIS technology to track changes in vegetation patterns and ecosystem disturbances. The project aims to monitor environmental factors influencing bird nesting habits and the imp...
Researchers are documenting the existence of seizure-alert dogs that claim to detect seizures before they strike, offering hope for people with epilepsy. The study aims to determine if these phenomena are real and reliable, and how dog trainers approach training such dogs.
The AAAS awards recognize individuals who have made significant contributions to science, including Peter H. Raven for his service to ecology and sustainability, and Bert Richard Johannes Bolin for his leadership in international research programs on climate change. The winners of the 1997-1998 AAAS Science Journalism Awards will be an...
A University of Colorado researcher proposes that ancient Aboriginals' systematic burning of vegetation may have altered the Australian monsoon, leading to the continent's arid interior desertification. The study suggests that human activity had a significant impact on the climate and ecosystems.
Researchers created P-cadherin-deficient mice to investigate the function of P-cadherin in controlling mammary tissue growth. The study found that P-cadherin plays a crucial role in maintaining undifferentiated breast tissue, and its absence leads to hyperproliferation.
A study by George Huntley found that sensory deprivation, even from birth, affects the development of brain areas controlling movement. This has significant implications for humans, suggesting early life visual defects may impact both sensory and motor areas.
A team of researchers, funded by the US National Science Foundation, discovered a group of fossil mammals, gondwanatheres, in Madagascar and India. These ancient creatures provide evidence for the movement of landmasses during the Late Cretaceous period.
OHSU scientists find obese mice resistant to increasing leptin levels, contrary to previous hypothesis that higher leptin would suppress appetite. The study sheds new light on the role of leptin in body weight regulation and raises questions about its potential therapeutic value for obesity treatment.
In a breakthrough study, scientists found that fruit flies' clock genes respond in unison to environmental light manipulations, indicating independent operation outside the brain. This discovery suggests that cells harbor novel photoreceptors and challenges traditional views of circadian rhythm regulation.
Researchers discovered that biological clocks are independently controlled in various body parts, including appendages and sensory cells. These findings could lead to new strategies for treating disorders related to jet lag, shift work, and seasonal depression.
A new study found that people with dyslexia exhibit lower brain activity in the visual cortex, which may predict their reading speed. The researchers used functional MRI imaging to measure differences in brain activity between dyslexics and non-dyslexics.
Researchers have designed a new crab trap that significantly reduces turtle mortality by allowing turtles to access air during low and high tide. The modified trap has caught over 1,000 turtles in two years with only one loss, while increasing the number of crabs caught.
Researchers at MGH have discovered a new immune response that may help control HIV levels in the body. In a study of chronically infected individuals and long-term nonprogressors, the team found that those with strong HIV-specific helper T-cell responses had lower viral loads, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.
Researchers are studying the effects of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill on Alaskan sea otter populations. Initial results indicate higher levels of an enzyme in otters living near the spill area, suggesting continued exposure to low levels of oil or other contaminants.
A 15-year study on 200,000 acres of grassland in eastern Colorado suggests that livestock grazing has a minimal impact on the shortgrass steppe ecosystem. The study reveals that plants have adapted to grazing by developing extensive root systems and short, bushy features above ground.
MSH6 mutations have been found in human families with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, confirming the gene's role in cancer predisposition. Knockout mice studies show that MSH6 is crucial for preventing tumor development, highlighting a new path for research in cancer diagnosis and development.
The study reveals a family of selenium-based compounds that can lower blood pressure without toxic side effects. These compounds could lead to the development of new therapeutic agents, expanding knowledge on selenium's role in human health.
A Phase 1 study of BRCA1 gene therapy in patients with ovarian cancer demonstrated minimal side effects and a significant tumor reduction in three participants. The researchers found that the vector was not immediately destroyed by the body's immune system, allowing it to transfer the BRCA1 gene into cancer cells.
Researchers have discovered a promising approach to protecting the brain from damage during heart bypass surgery, using chemicals that inhibit nitric oxide production and reduce glutamate accumulation. Patient trials are expected to start in early 1998.
Researchers have found that radiation exposure can be passed down through generations, affecting cell growth and reproduction. The study used a sensitive model to demonstrate that male mice exposed to radiation may pass on detrimental effects to their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren.
Lee R. Berger receives the top prize for his groundbreaking discoveries in southern Africa, including the oldest known footprints of an anatomically modern human dating back 117,000 years. He aims to piece together data on the environment that spawned early humans.
Research findings suggest that ferrets may be observed for a period of 10 days after biting humans, allowing for potential quarantine rather than euthanasia. The change in regulations has significant implications for the ferret community and public health veterinarians.
University of Michigan scientists used insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to stimulate growth of new myelin membranes around neurons in a culture dish. The results showed that IGF-I promotes myelination by triggering biochemical changes that help Schwann cells attach to nerve fibers.
Researchers found that using Interferon-alpha, a cancer treatment agent, can extend the preservation time of donor livers and improve their function. This novel approach may significantly help future liver transplant patients by allowing for more time to prepare the organ.
Researchers found that small-intestine digestibility and nutritive value are essentially equal in pet foods containing raw meat or animal by-products. Pet owners can opt for premium diets rich in protein with fewer stools and less gas, but at a higher cost.
University of Michigan scientists develop viral vector delivering dystrophin gene to adult mice with muscular dystrophy, inducing high levels of normal dystrophin protein for several months. The breakthrough could pave the way for effective gene therapy treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
A study of genetically normal rats reveals that overfeeding during infancy can lead to changes in basic metabolism and reproductive issues in subsequent generations. The research, led by Elsie Taylor at the University of Washington, shows that even without genetic abnormalities, conditions during development can have lasting consequences.
Male sparrow brains grow larger when housed with females, with increases of 15-20% in brain regions controlling song production. Social cues influence the birds' breeding efforts and song behavior, revealing new insights into the avian brain's plasticity.
Researchers found a substantial genetic component underlying differences in fear response, particularly on chromosome 1, which may contain hundreds of genes. This discovery has implications for developing new pharmacological agents to target human genes implicated in fear-related disorders.
Researchers at Emory University have synthesized a compound called RTI-113 that targets the same dopamine transporters as cocaine, with potential to treat addiction and eating disorders. The medication reduces self-administration in monkeys and shows promise in managing urge for 'out-of-control' drug-seeking behaviors.
Researchers have discovered fossilized termite nests in the sandstone pillars of New Mexico, with some reaching depths of over 120 feet. The ancient structures contain interconnected galleries and chambers similar to those found in modern social termite nests, providing insights into past biodiversity conditions.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have successfully revived flagging heart cells in laboratory vials using gene therapy. The treatment, which targets a protein kinase involved in heart muscle contraction, shows promise as a potential new drug target for treating congestive heart failure.
Researchers have developed an electronic 'nose' that can detect the presence of pulmonary infection in patients with high accuracy. The device uses breath samples analyzed by multi-element odor detectors to identify unique patterns on a computer screen, distinguishing infected patients from non-infected ones.
Researchers at the University of Georgia have made a groundbreaking discovery that leptin causes the programmed death of fat cells. This finding could play a significant role in the development of new treatments for obesity, as rats injected with leptin stay thin even after treatment is stopped.