Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study suggests that an individual's control over exercise intensity and duration can affect the immune system. Voluntary exercise was found to strengthen the immune system without stress, while forced exercise led to suppression.
David Meyer presents evidence that ancient crinoid Uintacrinus could float using a new model. The model explains the organism's ability to support its weight and collect food particles at the sea surface.
African tortoise ticks found on imported reptiles in Florida may carry heartwater, an exotic disease that kills livestock and wildlife. The US is considered a serious threat to the cattle, sheep, and goat industries, with no practical treatment for infected animals.
A clinical trial found that synthetic and natural vitamin E are equally powerful antioxidants in preventing heart disease. The study, published in the American Heart Association Journal, used equivalent doses of both forms of vitamin E and found no significant difference in their effects on low-density lipoproteins (LDL) or LDL oxidation.
Engineered Salmonella bacteria, stripped of pathogenicity, target solid tumors in laboratory animals while having little or no adverse effects. The safe versions can significantly prolong the life of mice with melanoma.
Diane Waddle and her team discover a vast collection of fossils, including those of tiny bats, shrews, birds, frogs, adult and juvenile primates, in the Bone Cave in Botswana. The find is significant as it helps fill the gap in the fossil record of Botswana.
Researchers are developing genetically altered, edible plant products to create new vaccines for sexually transmitted diseases. Plant-based proteins could be incorporated into pills, providing a cost-effective solution for vaccinations like hepatitis B.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center have devised a unique procedure to transform monocytes into battle-ready dendritic cells, boosting the immune system's cancer-fighting forces. The modified cells have shown ability to activate T cells within one week.
Researchers have discovered that common antibiotics like streptomycin can cause hearing loss and kidney damage in some individuals. Using iron chelators to prevent the formation of toxic molecules could provide a safe and inexpensive solution.
A University of Illinois team will investigate how humans and machines learn concepts through interdisciplinary research. The project aims to develop a computer system that builds on previous knowledge like a person.
Researchers found that young capuchins learn to forage through manual skills but don't become self-sufficient until they have sufficient size and strength. This pattern is unusual among monkeys and suggests that physical growth plays a significant role in successful foraging.
Two studies suggest that caloric restriction in monkeys can lead to increased HDL2B levels, reduced triglycerides, and lower blood pressure, potentially extending life and health. Caloric restriction also slows the age-related decline in DHEA levels, a biomarker of aging.
The study uses fMRI to map brain activity in response to cocaine, revealing a broader range of brain structures involved than previously thought. The nucleus accumbens and amygdala play key roles in the reward system, with the former associated with reinforcement and the latter with incentive.
Researchers have discovered a way to harness valuable proteins from nearly dead insect pests, producing high-quality pharmaceuticals in a more cost-effective manner. The HeRD system enables the mass production of these proteins, paving the way for the development of novel vaccine treatments and alternative pesticides.
Researchers at Purdue University found that a single injection of vitamin A has no impact on the health and fertility of hogs. The study, which tested over 977 sows, showed no difference in total litter size or weight, regardless of when the shot was administered.
A study of 11 London taxi drivers reveals the right hippocampus is activated when recalling complex routes, but not during other types of memory recall. The brain area is specially recruited for route recall, supporting human navigation and spatial cognition.
A study by Morris Moscovitch finds that face recognition occurs in a distinct brain system, separate from object recognition. Despite difficulties with recognizing common objects, the ability to identify faces remains intact.
Chernobyl wildlife exhibits genetic change but no apparent defects, suggesting less severe environmental damage than feared. The area's abundant species thrive in a largely abandoned landscape.
Researchers found that R-PIA increased the activity of glutathione, an antioxidant that absorbs free radicals, providing enhanced protection from damage. Animals treated with R-PIA recovered their hearing faster and more completely than those treated with saline, showing less damage to sensory cells.
Scientists confirm British Columbia was once nearly 2,000 miles south of its current location based on fossil evidence and magnetism. The discovery supports the theory of massive Earth movements along a gigantic faultline.
Researchers have discovered compounds in the bark of the pawpaw tree that show preliminary success in fighting some drug-resistant cancers. The compounds, called Annonaceous acetogenins, preferentially kill multidrug-resistant cells by inhibiting ATP production, pulling the plug on their energy source.
Researchers developed a training method to improve perception of air flow resistance in asthma patients. The study found that participants had fewer asthma attacks after completing the training, detecting problems earlier and taking medication before an attack occurred.
Scientists activate protein receptor to stimulate cell death in brain tumors, potentially sparing normal brain tissue. The therapy shows promise in treating nearly untreatable primary central nervous system lymphomas.
A new study reveals that chimpanzees can determine whether their partners are aware of danger, indicating a shared ability to perceive knowledge states and intentions. This suggests a stronger cognitive connection between chimps than previously thought.
A review of 90 animal studies suggests that diet pills containing fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine can cause permanent loss of serotonin nerve terminals in the brain. This damage may lead to symptoms such as anxiety, depression, cognitive problems, and sleep disturbances.
In a surprising twist, female Photuris fireflies lure male Photinus fireflies close enough to eat them, obtaining defensive chemicals called lucibufagins. These compounds help females repel predators like spiders and birds.
Researchers found buckyballs protect nerve cells from various types of damage, including stroke and spinal cord injury. In a mouse model of ALS, modified buckyballs delayed symptoms and increased lifespan by up to 15%.
Researchers have created a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, allowing for study of both skeletal muscle and heart disease. The double mutant mouse develops severe symptoms, including muscle wasting and heart disease, similar to humans with the disorder.
Tuberculosis bacteria use the C2a protein to lure macrophages to their death, a strategy that makes them effective pathogens. Understanding this mechanism may lead to the development of a novel vaccine to prevent tuberculosis.
Scientists at Yale University School of Medicine have discovered a link between the drug phencyclidine (PCP) and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The study found that PCP induces similar cognitive dysfunction as that found in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, but also suggests potential for reversal using clozapine.
Research finds that stream biodiversity is slow to recover from long-term agricultural impacts, with diversity greater in forested areas. However, forest regeneration may alleviate some effects, but complete recovery may take years.
Researchers have identified a new compound, GW5638, that strengthens bones and improves cardiovascular health like natural estrogen, while stopping the growth of cancer in uterine cells. The compound's potential may replace tamoxifen as a treatment for breast cancer.
Scientists have found genetic switches that underlie the evolution of novel body structures, including distinctive feeding limbs called maxillipeds. In crustaceans, variations in the pattern of activity of two Hox genes correspond with anatomic changes tracing ancestral relationships and evolution.
The study reveals that a low-dose pretreatment with certain DNA-crosslinking agents can temporarily suppress P-glycoprotein production, increasing the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to chemotherapy. This approach may increase the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy in patients and minimize drug interactions.
Researchers at Penn State discovered that forest tent caterpillars can evade trees' defense mechanisms by defoliating branches too rapidly for the tree to respond. This social eating pattern may be their protection against a tree's natural defenses, making them chemically invisible to the tree.
Researchers found ill veterans performed worse in neuropsychological tests than healthy counterparts, indicating generalized brain damage. The study supports the theory that Gulf War syndrome represents neurological damage from chemical exposure, not psychological reactions.
Researchers have discovered dense colonies of flat, pinkish worms living in methane ice mounds on the Gulf of Mexico sea floor. The worms are thought to be grazing off chemosynthetic bacteria, potentially influencing gas deposit formation and energy harvesting.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University aim to extend the lifetime of biotech lab cells by stopping their suicidal impulses. By understanding the genetic path that leads to apoptosis, scientists can apply
Researchers found a significant link between maternal cigarette smoking and conduct disorder in boys, with 80% of sons of smokers developing the condition. The study suggests that nicotine may disrupt fetal brain development, highlighting the importance of preventing such disorders.
University of Delaware scientists have discovered that firefly larvae use light signals to ward off predators, rather than coloration. The research suggests an aposematic display, warning predators of an unappetizing meal.
Researchers found immense microbial diversity in Amazonian forests and soils, with new bacteria discovered. Deforestation alters soil properties, leading to differences in microbial populations.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers at The Jackson Laboratory have found that PC4 plays a vital role in male fertility and early embryonic development in mice. The study revealed that PC4-deficient testicular germ cells fail to properly process precursor proteins, rendering them incompetent for fertilization.
Researchers at UW-Madison found that limiting calorie intake later in life can stall muscle deterioration associated with aging. The study shows promise for human health, particularly for addressing sarcopenia, a condition contributing to physical frailty in older people.
Researchers at UC Davis discovered that plants with simulated leaf domatia attract beneficial insects, reducing spider mite populations and increasing cotton yield by 30%. This mutually beneficial relationship offers a natural biological control strategy to pesticides.
Researchers have found fertile offspring that closely resemble primitive domesticated corn, carrying genetic traits from two wild American grasses. These hybrids exhibit resistance to the corn rootworm and drought tolerance, potentially leading to improved crop yields and reduced pesticide expenses.
Researchers at the University of Chicago found a protein molecule that transmits genetic traits without DNA or RNA in yeast, forming long fibers like those seen in neurodegenerative diseases. This discovery sheds light on the mechanism behind these devastating brain disorders.
The Bluff Great House in Utah has yielded new insights into the Chaco culture, with CU-Boulder students playing a key role in excavations. The site, linked to the mighty Chaco culture, features a great kiva and prehistoric roads.
Researchers found that houseflies can harbor Helicobacter pylori bacteria on their skin and in their digestive tract for up to 30 hours after exposure. The study suggests that flies may act as vectors in the transmission of H. pylori, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.
A first-ever restocking project will release up to 20 captive-bred black and white ruffed lemurs into the ancestral island nation's rain forests. The project aims to help the animals adjust to their new environment through a 'soft release' approach, while also stimulating conservation-mindedness in local citizens.
Brown University scientists have successfully used a magnetic field to levitate frog embryos, reducing forces and stresses by a factor of 10. This technique, known as magnetic field gradient levitation, could enable researchers to study living organisms in simulated low-gravity environments at a fraction of the cost of space missions.
Duke researchers found an existing class of drugs, cyclosporin and FK506, effectively stops the growth of the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. The compounds are now being tested in animals with fungal infections.
A new DNA vaccine has shown promising results in protecting chimpanzees from HIV-1 infection, with two immunized animals demonstrating a strong immune response and one controlled animal showing signs of infection before recovery. The vaccine's genetic approach may lead to breakthroughs in human disease treatment.
A new vaccine targeting the E. coli adhesin protein has shown promise in preventing urinary tract infections and bladder infections in mice. The vaccine works by blocking attachment of bacteria to bladder cells, preventing infection and reducing bacterial load.
Researchers find that the unique island brogue is losing traditional features such as distinct vowel sounds and words like 'pizer' for 'porch.' The dialect's survival largely depends on the island's former isolation from the mainland. Despite its decline, linguists emphasize the importance of preserving languages and cultures.
A new experimental vaccine has been developed to block viral entry in cattle, which may have implications for the development of vaccines against human herpes viruses. The vaccine stimulates the animal's immune system to make antibodies that line the nasal passages and block the virus from entering the animal.
Newborn ferrets' brains develop visual abilities through internal patterns of electrical activity before birth, suggesting an interaction between nature and nurture in brain development. The study found that stimulating the optic nerves disrupted this process, leading to altered neural responses.
The Isle Royale moose population has declined significantly, with only about 500 remaining after a devastating winter. This decline is attributed to the island's moose being severely stressed from lack of food and deep snows, with an abundance of balsam fir browse providing limited sustenance.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute have found that vitamin D significantly reduces prostate cancer growth in rats. Tumors in treated rats were 88% smaller than those in control rats, and lung metastases were also reduced.
Research by Penn State scientists has shown that humus can bind up to 40-50% of applied chemicals, including pesticides and other pollutants, rendering them unavailable to plants or groundwater. This natural process is beneficial as bound chemicals are stable and do not leach into the environment.
Researchers used non-invasive functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the theory that the prefrontal cortex stores information in working memory. The study found sustained activity in the prefrontal cortex, suggesting it plays a key role in maintaining information.