Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The ancient port of Berenike continued to operate for centuries longer than previously thought, with entrepreneurs keeping costs low to maximize profits. Traders brought in luxury goods like elephants, gold, and red coral, while also exporting essential items like frankincense and Indian pepper.
A University of Florida scientist has discovered that ancient oysters grew faster over time, revealing a key mechanism in the evolution of larger animal species. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that gradual growth drove evolutionary changes.
The U.S. National Science Foundation is supporting over 145 Antarctic investigations this season, focusing on carbon cycling in the Southern Ocean, deicing dynamics of sea life, archea ecology, UV-B impact on terrestrial plants, and drilling an ice dome in West Antarctica.
Researchers at Boston University found that introducing background noise can enhance a person's ability to feel subtle stimuli. The study suggests potential applications for clinical treatment and developing tactile interfaces for telerobotics and virtual environments.
Researchers at Scripps have discovered a previously unknown relationship between a protein in eggs and a protein on white blood cells, potentially leading to new treatments for leukemia. The protein structure reveals a molecular cavity that can be modified to alter signal transmission and eliminate leukemia cells.
Researchers successfully engineer a protein-based vaccine that primes killer T cells to respond against infection, providing protection against a model pathogen. The approach shows promise for developing new vaccines against viruses, bacteria, and parasites, as well as cancer vaccines and therapies.
A new study by UC Davis researchers finds that few birds cleaned and released back into the wild after oil spills can survive more than one or two years. The study's findings may lead to improved techniques for removing oil from birds and handling and rehabilitating them.
Recent insect fossil discoveries show that beetles and ants played a crucial role in recycling nutrients in Jurassic ecosystems. The findings, published by University of Colorado at Boulder researcher Stephen Hasiotis, provide new insights into ecosystem health and biodiversity.
Duke University primatologists failed to capture a mate for Romeo, the rarest lemur species, during an October expedition. The diademed sifaka is threatened by hunting and habitat destruction, with estimates suggesting it will go extinct in about 20 years.
Experts from 8 countries warn of the 'yield barrier' in wheat, calling for a global quest for genetic diversity and new breeding techniques. The report outlines six scientific strategies to boost yields, including exploiting wild wheat relatives and developing new plant prototypes.
A clinical trial by investigators at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center found that teenage girls with iron deficiency performed significantly better on verbal learning tests than those who took a placebo. The study suggests that even in the absence of anemia, iron deficiency may impair learning in adolescent females.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed new chemical compounds that show promise in fighting malaria. The new compounds use the same mechanism to kill the parasite that causes malaria as another more expensive and difficult-to-produce drug, but are much less expensive and easier to produce.
A recent National Science Foundation-funded research expedition discovered two new hot springs on the seafloor, reactivating an ancient hydrothermal system. The site provides an unprecedented opportunity for scientists to study the life cycle of a seafloor hot spring and its associated biological community.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed an implantable artificial lung that preserves lung function for 24 hours in animal models. The device is intended as a 'bridge to transplant' for patients awaiting lung transplants and as treatment for acute lung failure.
Researchers identified specific receptors for interleukin-1 on somatotrope cells in the pituitary gland, suggesting a direct link between the immune and endocrine systems. This discovery may help understand how the immune system regulates animal growth and disease.
A new vaccine has shown promise in treating brain tumors by boosting the immune system. The study found that GM-CSF produced a powerful anti-tumor effect, with 15% of mice appearing cured of pre-established tumors. The researchers believe this strategy may provide a potent double hit on aggressive brain tumors.
A Cornell University study reveals that insects, including crickets, possess categorical perception - the ability to distinguish between 'friend' and 'foe' sounds. Researchers used a test originally developed for human infants to demonstrate this ability in crickets, finding a dividing line at 16kHz.
Researchers discover a new parasitic wasp that attacks caterpillars harming citrus trees, offering an alternative to chemical pesticides. The discovery has economic potential for the US orange juice industry.
Researchers discovered that gut bacteria communicate with intestinal cells, influencing the production of carbohydrates and creating a niche for beneficial microbes. The study sheds light on how humans adapt to a microbial world and may lead to new treatments for infectious diseases.
Researchers discovered a specific molecule, ELF-1, that guides retinal axons to their proper destinations in the tectum. The molecule creates a concentration gradient that repels axons from incorrect regions, forming a topographic map of the visual world.
The University of Massachusetts has introduced an in-vessel composting unit at Tillson Farm, expected to process 10-20 tons of food waste into compost. The system, a self-contained commercial composter, uses a combination of heat, moisture, and air circulation to break down organic waste.
A three-year international research project will assess population impact as a factor in declining biodiversity. Researchers will focus on various human population factors and measure their effects on biodiversity levels. The findings, while local in focus, will be broadly applicable to many other sites around the world.
Researchers have developed a new method to find human genes by using analogous genes from other species, offering a more accurate approach than existing techniques. The method has been tested on nearly 100 genes, with 40 out of 47 mammalian reconstructions being perfect and 94-97% accurate in the remaining cases.
Researchers at the University of Washington have created a genetic mutation in mice that prevents them from storing fat even on a high-fat diet. The study suggests a potential new approach for treating obesity by targeting the cells' internal signaling pathways.
Duke University researchers identify a new target for stopping drug resistance in cancer cells by targeting the cellular pump that expels chemotherapy drugs. The study found that certain immunosuppressive drugs can block this pump by removing a vital activator, FKBP12, allowing chemotherapy drugs to be effective.
Researchers developed CLOTSIM, a computer model simulating blood clot dissolution, to provide critical information on thrombolytic agents. The program helps predict clinical outcomes and tailor therapies to reduce patient risks.
Researchers are investigating alternative methods to stabilize seemingly chaotic oscillations in experimental nerve cell and heart preparations. They aim to improve treatments for arrhythmia by controlling chaos in the heart's upper chambers, which can lead to conditions like atrial fibrillation.
Researchers found that native aquatic plants hyperaccumulate contaminants in their tissue, transforming toxic metal forms into benign ones. Turtle shell fragments serve as sensitive biomonitors of uranium, nickel, selenium, and arsenic contamination, enabling environmental risk assessment and remediation project evaluation.
A recent study using pocket gophers found that individuals with low genetic variation accepted skin grafts from each other, while those with higher genetic diversity rejected them. This suggests that cheetahs and other genetically impoverished species may be more vulnerable to disease outbreaks.
A study from Ohio University predicts which donors are more sensitive to medical procedures, enabling stress-reducing techniques to be applied. The 10-question form identifies high-risk donors, who can benefit from shorter questionnaires and targeted interventions.
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommends federal guidelines to ensure the safe use of xenotransplantation. The guidelines address four major areas: source animal screening, patient surveillance, tissue banking, and national registries.
Researchers tested bovine tuberculosis diagnosis methods, finding similarities in cattle responses to three tuberculins. Swine were found susceptible to M. bovis infection through meat consumption.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health have discovered the role of Stat 4 in determining T helper cell differentiation. The study found that Stat 4 is the master switch controlling the differentiation of T helper cells, which plays a critical role in dictating the outcome of immune responses.
Researchers have identified a genetic marker linked to the callipyge trait, which results in larger buttocks and leaner, less expensive meat. The discovery of the marker will aid efforts to breed sheep with heftier hindquarters using a blood test, and may also be applied to other species.
The US Department of Agriculture has introduced Mediterranean mites to control field bindweed, a perennial weed that infests millions of acres of wheat, corn and other crops in the Pacific Northwest. The mites feed on bindweed leaves, causing galls to form, which weaken the weed and make it more susceptible to herbicides.
Researchers at UC Davis found that diets deficient in amino acids can increase seizure severity, shorten time before seizures occur and reduce chemical stimulant needed. The study suggests specific brain regions are influenced by diet components, with implications for treating epilepsy, particularly in underdeveloped countries.
Hydrated lime has been shown effective in reducing sulfur dioxide emissions, now researchers found it also reduces selenium. At 400-600 degrees Celsius, the compound captures up to five percent of its weight in selenium.
A new diagnostic test uses purified proteins to detect Neospora caninum, a parasite causing cattle abortions. The test has been developed by the US Department of Agriculture and is expected to be commercially available within two to three years.
A study by Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago Medical Center supports Benjamin Gompertz's theory of a universal law of mortality. The researchers analyzed data from sheltered animals and humans, finding statistically indistinguishable mortality curves that fit the Gompertz model.
A new study confirms the Bering land bridge was not inundated by rising seas until about 11,000 years ago. The study reveals that the vegetation at the time consisted primarily of tundra plants and shrubs, unsuitable for long-term habitation by large grazing mammals.
Researchers at University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences used DNA testing to determine the source of pollution in two sites: Rookery Bay near Naples and Apalachicola Bay. The study found that both human and animal activities contributed to pollution, with wildlife causing a significant amount.
A team of University of Cincinnati biologists has discovered a unique ecosystem in Romania's Movile Cave that thrives without solar energy. The cave is home to 48 species, including 33 found nowhere else, which rely on chemoautotrophic processes for food production.
Researchers at Texas A&M University and MedImmune have developed a new vaccine candidate that appears to offer protection against Lyme disease. The vaccine is based on a protein from the Lyme-causing bacterium and has been shown to clear the disease-causing organisms from the body even after infection.
Researchers at San Francisco State University found a link between the African hornbill's seed dispersal pattern and rainforest regeneration. The team discovered that hornbills distribute seeds in treeless areas, critical for forest regeneration, particularly in cleared regions.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati create a sensor that can monitor medical imaging agents as they travel through the body and accumulate in various tissues. The probes, made from carbon fibers coated with polymer, detect changes in imaging agents and could lead to better heart health monitoring.
Researchers found that weakened diaphragm muscles may contribute to sleep apnea in obese individuals, particularly as they age. The study used rats as an animal model and found that diaphragm response was compromised in older obese animals, but not in younger ones.
Scientists found that brains of patients with Lesch-Nyhan disease have fewer nerve endings containing dopamine, a chemical messenger controlling movement. This discovery is crucial in developing future treatments for the disorder.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology and Zoo Atlanta created a virtual reality gorilla exhibit to simulate ape social interaction. The program allows students to become part of a gorilla family, learning realistic behaviors such as submissive postures and interactions with dominant males.
Researchers at Duke University have identified a gene in mice that may predispose people to autoimmune diseases such as arthritis and dermatitis. By studying the role of this gene, the team discovered its connection to inflammation and found that neutralizing a specific protein can reverse symptoms in affected animals.
Researchers have discovered a new Paleoindian culture in Brazil, challenging traditional views of early human migration and settlement. The site, Caverna da Pedra Pintada, dates back to between 11,200 and 10,000 years ago and reveals a more diverse range of habitats for human adaptation.
Researchers created a mouse model by deleting the gene for dopamine transporter, leading to an overstimulation of brain signals. This study provides a new tool to understand addiction mechanisms and develop treatments for psychiatric disorders and Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center report a genetically modified version of hemoglobin as a safe blood substitute during surgery. The product, rHb 1.1, is designed to carry oxygen efficiently and eliminate disease transmission and immunosuppression, potentially reducing medical costs for patients and hospitals.
Researchers at Duke University found that harmless doses of DEET, permethrin, and pyridostigmine bromide become highly toxic when used together. This combination may explain the wide range of symptoms reported by an estimated 30,000 Gulf War veterans.
The striatum, a portion of the brain previously thought to control movement, is shown to keep track of short intervals from seconds to minutes. This finding has implications for understanding timing in learning and memory, as well as Parkinson's disease.
A Duke University Medical Center study shows that alcohol severely disrupts a biochemical process associated with memory formation in young animals. The findings provide compelling scientific evidence to support prohibition of underage drinking, as the brain is more plastic and susceptible during late childhood or early adolescence.