Articles tagged with Animal Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered that bats can resolve sonar images with a higher quality and wider variety of orientation tasks than previously thought. Bats can process overlapping echo delays as little as two microseconds apart, resolving objects as close together as three-tenths of a millimeter.
A study found that leptin decreases in response to energy deficit in women, leading to increased hunger and desire to eat. Leptin's role in regulating food intake is supported by the association between leptin levels and self-reported hunger.
Researchers suggest Tyrannosaurus rex lacked lips and Triceratops didn't have cheeks, contradicting long-held beliefs. The study's findings have implications for scientists studying these dinosaurs and those recreating them in art and media.
Scientists have grown healthy human placental cells in a laboratory using a new technique, providing a means to test the safety of drugs during pregnancy. The cells can survive and function like those in the womb, mimicking blood flow and nutrient exchange.
Researchers have found evidence of ancient worm-like animals in rocks dating back 1.1 billion years, challenging the traditional timeline for multicellular life. The discovery suggests that animal body plans changed little before the Cambrian period, and that soft-bodied animals may have existed even earlier.
Researchers found that malnourished rats producing more glutathione had enhanced free-radical fighting capacities, lungs, and liver protection. Glutathione supplementation nearly doubled lung GSH levels, increasing protection against damage.
Researchers at NIEHS and U.C. Davis have identified a key protein involved in sperm-egg fusion, paving the way for new approaches to family planning and infertility diagnosis. A vaccine targeting this protein may provide women with a non-hormonal means of birth control.
Researchers found that eating daily equivalent of pint of strawberries or large spinach salad reduces specific effects of brain aging in rats. Spinach and strawberry diets protected against declines in nerve cell communications and ward off dip in memory performance.
Researchers have developed a new anti-microbial agent that can destroy anthrax spores while remaining non-toxic to humans and animals. The material, BCTP, has shown promise as a post-exposure decontamination agent in animal studies.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered a new anti-microbial agent called BCTP that effectively kills the influenza A virus in cell cultures and laboratory mice. The study found that BCTP is non-toxic to skin and mucous membranes, making it a promising alternative to traditional vaccines.
A new animal study suggests that female mice exposed to DES in utero are at higher risk of reproductive tract cancers, while their unexposed offspring show no such increase. This finding indicates a potential transmission of susceptibility to cancer across generations.
A study by University of Florida researchers found that cystic fibrosis patients who lack the beneficial intestinal bacterium Oxalobacter formigenes are at a greatly increased risk of developing kidney stones. The absence of this organism can lead to high levels of oxalate, which can crystallize and form painful stones in the kidneys.
Researchers find that native animals are more common in areas with native vegetation than in areas with exotic vegetation or grazing. They also discover that DDT may still be affecting reproduction of double-crested cormorants, while tree swallows can serve as sentinels for PCB contamination in aquatic environments.
A gene-transfer system invented by Dusty Miller has been recognized as the 'Nobel Prize of Applied Research'. The Retro-X System is a retroviral gene-transfer kit used in gene-therapy research, allowing for stable gene expression and long-term therapeutic results.
Researchers have uncovered ancient fragments of sea shells and cutting tools at two sites in Peru, dating the earliest evidence of maritime-based societies in the Americas between 11,000 and 13,000 years ago. The discoveries challenge traditional views on Paleoindian societies and suggest a more diverse set of strategies for survival.
Scientists have discovered archaea, an ancient branch of microbial life that can thrive in extreme environments like volcanic vents and acidic hot springs. These microorganisms produce enzymes that are stable under harsh conditions, offering potential benefits for environmental cleanup, pollution prevention, and energy production.
A study by Columbia University biologist Ayako Yamaguchi found that male and female cardinals can distinguish each other's songs, with males learning from females and females from males. As birds grow, their songs change due to hormonal fluctuations, suggesting a unique process of vocal development.
Researchers at UNC Health Care found that allergy increases susceptibility to otitis media, a common ear infection in young children. Antihistamine treatment may help alleviate symptoms.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that a low-fat diet can reverse type 2 diabetes in mice by reducing insulin and glucose levels independently of weight loss. The study suggests that foods high in fat, not sugar, are responsible for the onset of diabetes.
Researchers at Cornell University discovered that feeding cattle hay for five days before slaughter can reduce acid-resistant E. coli infections in humans. This simple change in diet can cut the risk of E. coli contamination, which causes over 20,000 annual infections and 200 deaths in the US.
Researchers find that a single chemical cue can either attract or repel neurons depending on the growth cone's internal status, providing potential clues for regenerating nerves and understanding disorders of neuronal migration
A University of Wisconsin-Madison research team has developed a gene therapy vaccine that helps the animal's immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. The vaccine was tested on 16 dogs with advanced stages of melanoma and showed promise, with some animals living longer and tumor shrinkage in about 20 percent of cases.
Researchers have discovered a new method to deliver drugs directly to the brain using nose drops, potentially treating Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. The treatment uses nerve growth factor and has shown promising results in animal studies.
The device, called a fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB), allows cells to grow in three dimensions and produces large quantities of Developmental Endothelial Locus-1 Protein (Del-1) for cancer research. The FBB's unique design enables high cell densities, making it suitable for growing replacement human organs.
A new study by geneticists at the University of Georgia shows that female fruit flies who have a choice between mates have offspring that live longer as adults. The research confirms the validity of the 'good genes' model, which proposes that females prefer males with certain traits because they indicate high genetic quality.
Researchers have discovered a protein in bacteria that protects them from nitric oxide, a toxin produced by the immune system. This mechanism allows bacteria to survive and thrive, with implications for human health and the development of new antibiotics.
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center have created microbubbles that can be used to suspend helium gas, allowing for detailed magnetic resonance images of blood vessels. The technique combines strengths of several imaging technologies and could lead to non-invasive studies on vascular health, perfusion, and anatomy.
A protein found in copperhead snake venom retards breast tumor growth by blocking tumor cell adhesion and invasion, as well as inhibiting new blood vessel development. Studies with mice implanted with human breast cancer cells showed a 60-70% reduction in growth rate and 90% reduction of tumor metastasis to the lungs.
Nu-Trim, a new fat substitute, contains beta-glucans that lower LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. It can transform baked goods into low-calorie, high-fiber foods with improved texture and volume. Studies show it reduces plasma cholesterol by 27% and LDL cholesterol by 36%, making it an attractive option for heart health.
Researchers have successfully released nerve growth factor (NGF) via pea-sized pellets implanted in test animal brains, which showed improved health. This breakthrough treatment could potentially help treat Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.
Researchers found that extrusion-processed wheat bran in cereals can reduce the number of aberrant crypt cells in laboratory rats by up to 40%, compared to raw wheat bran and flaked cereals. The study suggests that processing wheat bran improves its health-promoting properties, making it a potential tool in reducing colon cancer risk.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have found a molecular pathway that converts fast strength muscle fibers into slow endurance muscles. This discovery could lead to the development of drugs that restore endurance muscle tissue in individuals with congestive heart failure or diabetes.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have discovered a molecular motor mechanism that divides genes during cell reproduction. The discovery provides clues to infertility and birth defects, such as Down syndrome, by understanding how chromosomes are separated during cell division.
Four Pennsylvania science teachers participated in a research expedition to study hydrothermal vents and active volcanoes on the ocean floor. The teachers worked with international scientists to understand how communities of animals live on these structures and developed new lesson plans for their students.
Researchers found distinct patterns of gene expression linking cognitive control regions to stress control regions in laboratory animals. The study suggests that the brain controls stress responses through inhibition, rather than excitation, and may lead to the development of future stress intervention strategies.
The discovery represents the first known structure of JNK3, a MAP Kinase family enzyme implicated in neurological diseases like epilepsy. Vertex's interdisciplinary approach may lead to new drugs against innovative targets, building on their track record of applying structural information to genomic discoveries.
Female Mediterranean fruit flies exhibit two distinct aging patterns when food supply is limited, delaying reproduction until advanced age. Once a complete diet is available, they produce eggs rapidly and age swiftly, suggesting reproduction as a key factor in aging.
A University of Florida study reveals that zinc supplements can increase the levels of genetic material in human immune cells, providing immediate protection against disease and stress. The research found a rapid response to zinc supplementation, with RNA levels increasing three times within 24 hours.
The study found stored carotenoids are not converted to vitamin A when the vitamin is removed from the diet, casting doubt on the utility of carotenoid precursors. Vitamin A deficiency remains a significant public health concern worldwide, affecting millions of people, especially children and vulnerable populations.
Researchers at Duke University have found that transplanted skeletal muscle cells can mimic heart muscle, significantly boosting the ability of damaged hearts to contract. The therapy has the potential to augment current treatments and prevent further damage.
A five-year study on salamander populations in southern Appalachian forests reveals that canopy disturbance has a significant impact on their abundance. The results suggest that forest managers may need to adopt more intensive management practices to maintain salamander populations.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have discovered that a combination of the diabetes drug Troglitazone and Accutane can permanently inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and induce programmed cell death. The treatment has shown no adverse effects on healthy cells in laboratory studies and animal experiments.
A study published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry found that aspirin can short-circuit the
New research shows that social stress can trigger a dormant herpes virus to reactivate in mice, with the most dominant mice being affected. The study provides a valuable animal model for studying the relationship between stress and immunity, and may have implications for human health.
University of Wisconsin Medical School researchers found that two connected brain structures control the way light affects rodent sleep activity, separate from the biological clock. The structures are part of the visual system and can override normal circadian rhythms with acute lighting changes.
Researchers at the University of Hawaii report breaking ground in mammalian cloning by creating reproducible clones from adult cells, with implications for pharmaceuticals and disease research. The 'Honolulu technique' has yielded three generations of identical cloned mice, opening doors to new avenues in genetic engineering.
A new international study analyzed fat samples from 642 European women, finding no protective effect of oleic acid on breast cancer risk. Higher weight and family history were strong associations with breast cancer among participants.
Researchers have developed a method to multiply and mature neural stem cells in the lab, which can form dopamine-producing neurons and reduce symptoms in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. The study opens up new opportunities for studying brain development and may lead to the creation of easily controlled stem cell therapies.
Research found that spices can inhibit the growth of E. coli O157:H7 in ground meat and salami, with garlic showing the highest effectiveness. While spices may not eliminate the pathogen, they could add an extra layer of safety to food handling and cooking.
Researchers successfully isolated intact DNA from giant sloth droppings, providing insight into its diet and habits. The discovery uses a novel molecular-palaeontologic method to analyze the chemical reaction that protects DNA in dried dung.
Researchers are identifying the gene that causes Alström Syndrome, a recessive genetic disorder causing blindness, hearing loss, and other conditions. By studying DNA samples from living individuals and their families, they hope to find the gene's location and develop an animal model for the disease.
A new laboratory tool has been developed by UNC-CH researchers to study the interaction between normal and abnormal heart cells during heart attacks. The tool, which simulates the conditions of a heart attack, aims to reduce death rates from sudden cardiac deaths in the US.
Scientists have identified a powerful combination of heat shock proteins that can restore aggregated proteins to their functional states. The Hsp104-Hsp40-Hsp70 trio helps stabilize proteins during aggregation and refolding, providing essential protection against denaturation and promoting cell survival.
University of Munich and University of Delaware researchers have developed technology to probe artificial molecules, enabling the observation of Rabi oscillations. This breakthrough may help overcome technological hurdles associated with artificial molecules and pave the way for new computing strategies.
Researchers at Kansas State University have identified a protein called PR-39 that can suppress the production of toxic oxygen metabolites involved in reperfusion injury. The substance may hold promise as an anti-inflammatory fighter, potentially preventing tissue damage associated with blocked blood vessels.
Researchers suggest that traumatic events in preschool years can significantly affect brain development and function. Extensive corrective experiences have been shown to help repair damaged neural connections over time.
Researchers found that high-level expectations influence visual perception, overriding depth information in objects. This challenges the idea of veridical reflections of reality in the brain.
A team of biologists developed a new method to census deer populations in urban areas, employing helicopters with trained observers and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. The study achieved a high detection rate of 79%, providing valuable insights for managing deer populations in ecological harmony.
Physicians at UPMC are evaluating LBS-Neurons for treating stroke patients with a clinical human neuron transplant. The transplanted neurons aim to improve damaged host neurons or replace destroyed ones, showing promise in correcting cognitive and motor deficits.
Weizmann Institute scientists develop a novel approach to heal damaged spinal cords in rats, regaining partial motor activity and movement. The treatment promotes the animal's own self-repair mechanism, paving the way for further research on human applications.