Researchers at IOCB Prague have determined the first cryo-EM structures of a surface receptor of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in complex with human complement factor C3. This discovery sheds light on how the parasite avoids clearance from the human bloodstream and survives within the immune system.
Researchers investigated the roles of STAT3α and STAT3β in aggressive breast cancer and found that differential silencing of these isoforms leads to changes in STAT3 activation. This study emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between STAT3 isoforms for accurate cancer diagnosis and therapy.
The study, led by Professor Takashi Miura of Kyushu University, has discovered that interdigitated cell boundaries have a mathematically scaling pattern with self-similarity. The team used the Edwards-Wilkinson model to simulate and understand the molecular mechanism responsible for these dynamics.
Researchers have developed a novel 3D printing strategy that preserves the folding structure and molecular function of various biopolymers, enabling precise control over size and geometry at submicron resolution. The technique allows for the production of 3D biopolymeric architectures with functional integrity and biofunctions.
A research team led by the University of Cincinnati's Atsuo Sasaki aims to understand how an enzyme regulates lysosomal function based on energy molecule GTP. This study could lead to new treatments for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and anti-aging.
A study led by Tokyo University of Science researchers identified Dectin-1's role in promoting colorectal cancer by enhancing PGE2 production and suppressing IL-22BP expression. The study used mouse models and clinical samples to validate the findings, which have immediate clinical implications for CRC patients.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia discovered that viral proteins use phase separation to coordinate the complex process of replicating viral genomes and then encapsulating them in a viral particle. This process allows for the orderly and coordinated formation of infectious viral offspring.
Researchers found that infected mosquito saliva contains molecules called sfRNAs that can blunt the body's immune response. These molecules are injected during the mosquito bite, making it more likely for people to become infected with dengue virus.
A Virginia Tech researcher has identified a key factor in DiGeorge syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting brain development. The study finds that mitochondrial deficits can be targeted with dietary supplements or more precisely-targeted drugs to support final connections during brain development.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have discovered ultrasmall swirling magnetic vortices, known as merons and skyrmions, in an iron-containing material. These tiny magnetic structures show promise for future computer memory storage and high-efficiency microelectronics due to their stability and adaptability to binary code.
A team from the National Eye Institute identified Reserpine as a compound that keeps light-sensitive photoreceptors alive in three models of Leber congenital amaurosis type 10, an inherited retinal ciliopathy disease. The study suggests a potential treatment strategy for addressing retinal ciliopathies caused by multiple genes.
Researchers at the CNIO have elucidated a key point about how cohesin attaches to DNA and forms loops. The study suggests that NIPBL is not necessary for cohesin to bind to DNA, but only for it to move and form DNA loops. This finding may be important in understanding Cornelia de Lange syndrome.
Researchers discover ZBTB12, a molecular barrier that prevents dedifferentiation in human pluripotent stem cells, and shed light on the core differentiation mechanism.
The new center aims to amplify biomedical research and human health applications, fostering collaboration among innovators. BRIC members will have access to resources and support for applying their nuclear physics expertise in new areas.
A team led by Professor Yoshihiro Yamazaki from Kyushu University discovered the chemical innerworkings of a perovskite-based electrolyte developed for solid oxide fuel cells. By combining synchrotron radiation analysis, large-scale simulations, machine learning, and thermogravimetric analysis, they found that protons are introduced at...
A team of scientists at Mainz University has developed a method to efficiently compute a new class of Feynman integrals associated with Calabi–Yau geometries. This allows for high-precision theoretical predictions of particle interactions and better understanding of their mathematical structure.
A team of researchers developed a transfer-tattoo-like cell sheet that can be directly applied to targeted surfaces, facilitating cutaneous wound healing and promoting skin tissue regeneration. The system leverages natural cell migration between surfaces, eliminating the need for external stimuli and detachment processes.
The ATS 2023 International Conference Program is now available, offering dynamic scientific programming on pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine topics. Attendees can build their daily schedule using the program itinerary and access a series of presentations featuring innovators in the field.
A recent study found that public investment in critical research contributed significantly to the development of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The US government invested at least $337 million in research over 35 years, including basic science and vaccine development.
A University of Queensland-led research team is using an unusual caesium atom to search for dark matter particles. The team's work may also improve atomic theory calculations and technology, such as navigation systems.
Scientists create wearable sensors using biodegradable nanowires that can detect various chemical tracers, including those associated with asthma and kidney disease. The breakthrough represents a new paradigm in electrical engineering, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional silicon-based nanowires.
A study found that dog puppies but not kittens and wolf pups spontaneously imitate human actions, even when unrewarded. The researchers believe this can inform novel training methods less dependent on food rewards.
Scientists at Cornell University have discovered a way to precisely locate magma storage in volcanoes, offering improved risk assessment for eruptions. By analyzing carbon dioxide-rich fluids trapped within cooled crystals, they can determine the depth of magma storage and scorching reservoirs with unprecedented accuracy.
Gail Frayne has been appointed as the Chief Financial Officer of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, responsible for developing and implementing financial strategies. She brings extensive experience in contract requirements, governance, and risk management to her new role.
Researchers analyzed how immunological memory gets generated and maintained to understand its role in cancer and inflammatory diseases. They found that increased inflammation can actually reduce immunological memory, highlighting the need for regulation.
A team of researchers has developed an experimental method to manipulate the Rydberg state excitation in hydrogen molecules using bicircular two-color laser pulses. By controlling the photon effect and field effect, they were able to generate Rydberg states while varying the extent to which each effect contributed to the process.
Scientists have developed a new method to enhance electron-photon coupling, resulting in a hundredfold increase in light emissions. The approach uses a specially designed photonic crystal to produce stronger interactions between photons and electrons.
The São Paulo School of Advanced Science on Stem Cell Biology will highlight the latest scientific advances in stem cell therapy and tissue bioengineering. Internationally renowned scientists will present state-of-the-art science and results of new research.
Researchers at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin discovered that high-energy X-rays can cause damage to bone collagen, even at low irradiation doses. The study used powerful X-ray sources and sensitive detectors to examine the effects on fish and mammalian bone samples.
Researchers have developed a new method for recycling high-density polyethylene (HDPE) into fully recyclable and biodegradable material. The approach uses catalysts to cleave polymer chains, reducing carbon emissions and pollution associated with HDPE.
A recent study has identified common and unique cellular processes in six neurodegenerative diseases, providing new insights into the underlying causes of these conditions. The research used machine learning analysis to compare RNA markers in whole blood samples from patients with distinct diseases, revealing eight shared themes across...
Neuroscientists have uncovered a brain circuit that enables mice to rapidly escape to shelter when faced with a threat. The retrosplenial cortex and superior colliculus form a circuit that encodes the direction to a shelter, allowing mice to accurately orient and escape.
A study published in PLoS Genetics reveals the mechanism by which a selfish gene in yeast, wtf4, enables its function using a poison-antidote strategy. This strategy involves the production of poison protein that can kill spores, but is countered by an antidote protein produced only by those spores that inherit the drive allele.
A husband-and-wife research team at UC Riverside found a simpler gene network is involved in specifying the gut in nematodes related to Caenorhabditis elegans. The discovery was made possible by the COVID-19 pandemic, which freed up time for the researchers to explore their question of how nematodes develop their gut.
Researchers studied the strong nuclear force using nickel-64 nuclei, discovering that they change shapes under high-energy conditions. The team used advanced detectors to analyze gamma rays and particle direction, revealing two possible shapes for the nucleus: oblate and prolate.
Researchers found that boron arsenide's thermal conductivity decreases at extremely high pressures, breaking the general rule of pressure dependence. This discovery may lead to novel materials for smart energy systems with built-in 'pressure windows'.
Researchers from the Max Born Institute report on a new light source generating ultrashort infrared pulses beyond 10 µm wavelength, exhibiting high potential for vibrational spectroscopy and optical materials processing. The system demonstrates excellent beam quality and stability, with output power and repetition rate scalable.
Researchers clarify key aspects of thermal Hall effect in magnetic insulator, reaching novel conclusions and advancing understanding of topological quantum matter. The study utilizes ruthenium chloride to demonstrate the first example of a magnetic insulator exhibiting the thermal Hall effect from quantum edge modes.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have discovered a genetic link between melanoma tumors and telomere maintenance, which could lead to new treatments for the disease. The study found that mutations in the TPP1 gene stimulate telomerase activity, promoting long telomeres that enable cancer cells to divide in...
A new technological advancement at the University of Oklahoma will enable scientists to study whole macromolecular structures without deconstructing them. This breakthrough, supported by a $50,000 NIH grant, aims to analyze proteins as intact molecules, improving our understanding of their modifications and interactions.
Researchers have validated a new theory for molecular diffusion in polymer matrices, explaining how molecules move through complex media. The study found that temperature and molecule size significantly impact transport rates, enabling the design of more selective polymer membranes.
Researchers at UIC have developed a new method to study ribosome function by attaching peptides to tRNAs, providing high-resolution structures of the ribosome and its interactions with nascent chains. This breakthrough sheds light on protein synthesis and antibiotic resistance.
Researchers discovered a new daily rhythm in inhibitory synapses, which rebalance brain activity to consolidate new information into long-lasting memories during sleep. The study suggests that wakefulness strengthens inhibitory synapses, enhancing memory formation.
Researchers from the University of Kassel developed an approach to extend the limits of interferometric topography measurements for optical resolution below small structures. Microsphere assistance enables fast and label-free imaging without requiring extensive sample preparation.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have made progress in understanding the mechanism underlying a type of dementia that strikes early in life. A genetic form of frontotemporal dementia is associated with accumulation of specific lipids in the brain, which results from a protein deficiency that interferes with cell metabolism.
Researchers found that actors' brain activity suppressed when hearing their own name during performance, indicating potential impact of theatre training on human brain. The study also investigated interpersonal coordination between actors and found specific brain systems involved in social interactions.
Scientists discovered the first direct evidence that Stargardt-related ABCA4 gene mutations affect a layer of cells in the eye called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The study suggests a therapeutic strategy for the disease, which currently lacks treatment.
McCullough's research advances the field of cardiovascular science, with a primary focus on sex differences in stroke. Her work has led to significant discoveries about cell death pathways during ischemic insults.
Researchers at the National Eye Institute have discovered a mechanism by which an area of the protein RPE65 converts vitamin A into a form usable by photoreceptor cells. This finding provides better understanding of RPE65's function and will inform potential treatments for vision disorders linked to gene mutations.
Dr. Louise D. McCullough is being recognized for her groundbreaking research on sex differences in stroke and their impact on immune response, which has led to a greater understanding of the biology behind these differences. Her work has also shed light on the importance of including females in pre-clinical research.
The University of Missouri has earned an $8 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to expand its National Swine Resource and Research Center. The center will support research using genetically modified pigs to study human diseases, with a focus on therapies that can be translated from pig models to humans.
A new study has discovered that MTCH2, a protein essential in various cellular processes, acts as a 'door' for proteins to access the mitochondrial membrane. The finding opens up potential avenues for cancer treatments by harnessing apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism.
Achenbach, a renowned experimental physicist, will lead Jefferson Lab's Experimental Hall B, utilizing the world's most powerful accelerator to advance nuclear physics research. He aims to upgrade CEBAF and explore new experiments, including positron beams, to expand knowledge on matter and the universe.
A team at Tampere University has demonstrated that quantum waves behave differently from classical counterparts, increasing the precision of distance measurements. Their findings also shed light on the physical origin of the Gouy phase anomaly in focused light fields.
Neuroscientists at Sainsbury Wellcome Centre discovered that individual neurons in the visual cortex of mice are modulated separately by attention and running. The study found that spatial attention and running influence neurons independently, with different dynamics.
Scientists at Duke-NUS Medical School have discovered the critical role of small microproteins in assembling larger protein complexes inside energy-generating cell components known as mitochondria. The study highlights how microproteins regulate energy supply and mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, a feature underlying various diseases.
Researchers at UVA will study organelles in cancer cells to identify new pathways for understanding and fighting cancer. By focusing on the interactions between genes, proteins, and organelles within cells, they hope to develop fresh clues about therapies.
A team of researchers at Harvard Medical School has made new strides in understanding the basic biology of internal organ sensing, revealing spatial maps of neurons in the brain stem responding to feedback from internal organs. The study found that inhibition within the brain plays a key role in selectively responding to organs.
Magnetic antiskyrmions are stabilized in magnetic crystals and exhibit unique properties. The Forschungszentrum Juelich team successfully demonstrated the existence of these objects through high-resolution electron microscopy and advanced simulations.
Researchers at UVA have discovered the mechanism behind gene regulation during organ development, shedding light on how genetic material interacts with transcription factors to create different cell types. The study's findings could offer insights into the initiation of certain cancers and inspire new therapeutic development.