Articles tagged with Basic Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have successfully filmed the nuclear export of protein-building machines, or ribosomes, from the nucleus to the rest of the cell. The study provides new insights into this complex process, which is crucial for understanding how cells produce proteins.
Researchers developed a new mechanism of adsorption called mechanisorption, which can store significant amounts of energy by recruiting molecules onto surfaces at high concentrations. This breakthrough has implications for energy storage, controlled release, and environmental remediation.
Researchers have identified a gene called Nup54 that plays a crucial role in regulating female reproductive behaviors in fruit flies. This discovery provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual conflict and its impact on evolution.
Brookhaven Lab particle physicist Kétévi Assamagan has been elected as an APS Fellow for his significant contributions to the Standard Model Higgs boson research. He is also recognized for leading physics outreach programs, including founding the African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications.
A Cornell-led team has published detailed maps of Titan's liquid methane rivers and tributaries, providing context for the upcoming Dragonfly mission. The research examined Earth-based radar data to understand fluvial characteristics on Titan, shedding light on its sediment transport system.
The Human Brain Project unveiled its 8th annual Summit with presentations of new scientific insights and technologies. The project has developed a powerful new infrastructure called EBRAINS, which will serve generations of brain scientists.
Mainz University has secured first place in the field of Physics and fourth place overall in the natural sciences, receiving EUR 67 million in DFG funding. The university's efforts to invest in life sciences have resulted in significant growth, with Medicine and Biology disciplines experiencing a notable increase in DFG funding.
Researchers at Jefferson Lab discovered a thinner neutron skin around calcium nuclei than expected, contrasting with lead measurements. This finding presents an opportunity for further exploration into the underlying reasons for this difference.
The latest results from the RHIC Spin Program provide new insights into the contribution of quarks and gluons to a proton's spin. Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have made significant progress in studying the three-dimensional internal structure of protons using collisions of spin-polarized protons at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ...
Researchers at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre have discovered a new brain circuit that enables mice to override their instincts based on previous experience. The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) inhibits threat reactions when animals feel safe, but activates them when danger is perceived.
Researchers will investigate the genetic and epigenetic factors controlling variation in health, with potential implications for combating cancer, obesity, and other diseases. The team aims to identify new sets of disease-related genes, delineate subtypes of disease, and understand the complex interaction between genetics and epigenetics.
Electrical engineers at Duke University have discovered a way to extend the use of chalcogenide glasses into the visible and ultraviolet parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. By nanostructuring these materials, they can create high-order harmonic frequencies that enable transmission of light at previously inaccessible wavelengths.
The 2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics presents cutting-edge research on nuclear astrophysics, quantum technology, and rare isotopes. Researchers will discuss breakthroughs such as the most precise measurement of neutron lifetime and novel experiments measuring neutron skin in calcium.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong discovered a way to steer the spreading direction of liquids on a surface inspired by the Araucaria leaf. By adjusting the surface tension, they can control the liquid flow direction, with implications for fluidics design and heat transfer enhancement.
Researchers at Kyushu University successfully reconstitute the ovarian follicle from mouse stem cells, generating functional egg cells and growing viable mice. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for infertility and help conserve endangered animals through egg cell production.
Five innovative research projects tackle fundamental questions of environmental and earth science, including the origins of Earth and life on Mars. The studies aim to advance our understanding and lead to important scientific breakthroughs.
The GPGD database contains records for 903 herb species, including DNA barcodes, organelle genomes, and whole genomes. It provides essential resources for species identification, biosynthetic pathway decomposition, and molecular-assisted breeding analysis.
A team of researchers from Boston College has created a new metallic specimen where electron motion flows in a fluid-like manner, fundamentally changing particle-like to hydrodynamic dynamics. The discovery confirms theoretical predictions and opens up new possibilities for material exploration and potential applications.
Researchers developed a mathematical modelling tool to predict polymer network connections and properties, enabling design of new materials for various applications. The tool combines theoretical modelling and experimental chemistry expertise.
Researchers developed a method to scale up nanocages to trap noble gases like krypton and xenon. The team used commercial materials and found the optimal temperature range for trapping gas atoms inside the cages.
A Russian-U.K. research team has proposed a theoretical description for the new effect of quantum wave mixing involving classical and nonclassical states of microwave radiation. The study builds on earlier experiments on artificial atoms, which serve as qubits for quantum computers and probes fundamental laws of nature.
Research on rats suggests that aerosols from a range of vaping devices impair blood vessel function, similar to traditional cigarette smoke. The study found that even newer, coil-less ultrasonic vaping devices can have adverse effects on vascular health.
Scientists detected electronic and optical interlayer resonances in bilayer graphene by twisting one layer 30 degrees, resulting in increased interlayer spacing that influences electron motion. This understanding could inform the design of future quantum technologies for more powerful computing and secure communication.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have successfully generated a two-dimensional supersolid quantum gas, a phenomenon previously observed only in one dimension. This breakthrough enables the study of vortices forming in the hole between droplets, furthering our understanding of superfluidity and its properties.
Researchers found that cuttlefish can remember specific events, including what they ate and where it happened, up to their last few days of life. Unlike humans, who lose this ability with age, cuttlefish's episodic-like memory is preserved until the end of their lives.
The DTU researchers have developed a universal measurement-based optical quantum computer platform, enabling the execution of any arbitrary algorithm. The platform is scalable to thousands of qubits and can be connected directly to a future quantum Internet.
Researchers at Aalto University have discovered that fibrous red phosphorous, when electrons are confined in its one-dimensional sub-units, shows large optical responses. The material demonstrates giant anisotropic linear and non-linear optical responses, as well as emission intensity.
Researchers created a new type of 'chain mail' fabric with hollow octahedrons that can stiffen up to 25 times its original stiffness when vacuum-packed. This technology has potential applications in bullet-proof vests, medical support for the elderly, and protective exoskeletons.
Scientists have developed a paramagnetic ring that encapsulates water droplets under a magnetic field, enabling precise manipulation. The ring, made of an oil-based ferrofluid, forms spontaneously around the droplet and can be moved remotely by changing the magnetic field.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki have identified short non-coding RNA molecules in human ova and embryos, shedding light on embryonic development. The study's findings may lead to improved infertility treatments and a deeper understanding of early miscarriages.
Researchers have developed a new MRI methodology called Correlation Tensor Imaging (CTI) that can analyze stroke lesions with unprecedented accuracy. This technology may predict individual outcomes and guide treatment, improving patient care.
Eric Everett, a renowned researcher, has received the IADR Distinguished Scientist Award in Biological Mineralization Basic Research. His work focuses on craniofacial and mineralized tissue genetics, gene-environment interactions, and animal models for dental and oral disorders.
A study by Research Institute for Sustainability reveals that barriers to reducing plastic packaging consumption include habits, lack of knowledge, hygiene concerns, and economic factors. To achieve zero-waste shopping, cultural and infrastructural changes are necessary, including making alternative options more affordable and convenient.
A study published in Nature Communications analyzed 360 million real-world ride requests from New York City and Chicago, revealing two adoption patterns that depend on demand. When demand is high, passengers are more likely to book a solo ride despite lower comfort levels.
Marianna Maiaru, a mechanical engineering assistant professor at UMass Lowell, has received a $450,000 grant from the Air Force to advance the development and processing of high-strength, high-temperature structural materials. Her project focuses on ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials used in aerospace applications.
A diverse range of microorganisms were discovered in the Kuzbass coal seam, including bacteria that can convert poisonous carbon monoxide into CO2. These microbes have unique metabolic capabilities, allowing them to thrive in extreme environments.
Researchers discovered Zeeman spin-orbit coupling in two different materials, demonstrating its generic nature and opening possibilities for spin manipulation. This breakthrough may lead to the development of fundamentally new electronic devices with high storage density and fast operation.
A new technique uses a laser to create colorful strokes on metal, offering a way to change or erase colors. The approach creates miniature art with complex meaning through shape and color, as well as microstructures on the surface.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a wearable, flexible transmitter that can send wireless data over long distances. The device uses a copper mesh with a wavy pattern to maintain its resonance frequency even when stretched or compressed.
Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University successfully measured a spectral line width of less than 0.01 percent using high-precision spectrometry equipment, revealing approximately 8,000 coherently radiating sources in the super-radiant regime.
A research team at Toyohashi University of Technology and University of Calgary investigates the effect of post-annealing on a garnet-type Ta-substituted LLZO ceramic solid electrolyte degraded by Li metal penetration. The study reveals that annealed Ta-LLZO maintains high Li ion conductivity above 10^-4 S cm^-1 at room temperature, ma...
Researchers have identified key challenges in understanding photophysics and photochemistry of carbon nanocolloids, a promising candidate for technological and biomedical applications. The findings may pave the way for using adaptable, non-toxic, and sustainable nanomaterials in various fields.
Scientists have discovered a new way to design magnets with high operating temperatures, large coercivity, and low density. The novel lightweight magnets could complement or compete with traditional inorganic magnets in various applications.
Scientists at Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University propose a mathematical model to analyze the effect of neural stimulation by ultrasonic waves on electrical signals in nerves. The study aims to improve treatment methods for severe neurological disorders such as epilepsy and chronic depression.
The National Institute on Aging has awarded up to $2 million to the American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) to continue its role as the Nathan Shock Centers Coordinating Center. The award will support AFAR's efforts to enhance visibility, facilitate collaboration, and improve training among aging research centers nationwide.
Researchers in China have designed a nanogenerator that captures light breezes, generating electricity through the triboelectric effect. The device can power small electronic devices and is suitable for nature reserves or cities, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional wind turbines.
The USC-Buck Nathan Shock Center will explore the biology of aging and its impact on disease, with a focus on cellular senescence, genomic translation, and geroscience technology. The center aims to translate basic research into effective preventions and therapies to extend healthspan.
A citizen science study led by the Estonian Research Council analyzed data from over 1,700 observations, revealing a systematic dominance of short-styled morphs and increased deviations in smaller populations with higher human population density. The findings have significant implications for conservation efforts, highlighting another ...
The NSF has awarded a $20 million grant to create an AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions, a cross-discipline collaboration between 20 physicists and seven AI experts from top universities. The institute will explore the use of AI in fundamental physics and apply physics principles to improve AI methods.
Researchers create analysis framework to evaluate tradeoffs and design choices in ultraviolet communication systems, offering insights into their natural low-probability-of-detection property. This understanding is crucial for optimizing system performance and predicting detection capabilities.
Lehigh University's Energy Research Center receives $750,000 from the DOE to improve power plant efficiency and develop a technology to measure toxic heavy metals in power plant wastewater. The project aims to optimize operating efficiency, system reliability, and emission reductions.
Researchers have developed a new system delivering few-ps pulses at 2 μm wavelength with peak power of 17 GW, exceeding previous records. The system features excellent stability and brilliant beam quality, making it suitable for applications in nonlinear optics, spectroscopy, and materials processing.
A team of researchers from the University of Konstanz and Innsbruck explore the role of artificial intelligence in basic research, focusing on agency, creativity, and authorship. They aim to provide a conceptual framework for the development of AI methods in science.
Scientists at the University of Warwick created a method called MeniFluidics to control cellular patterns, enabling the creation of arbitrary patterns and opening doors for tissue engineering and bio-art. This breakthrough could lead to innovations in antibiotic resistance and biofouling prevention.
Flying insects integrate visual, olfactory, and aerodynamic cues to locate objects in 3D space. Research using virtual reality revealed that Dipteran species use depth cues, wind tunnel-like airflow fields, and odor information to navigate.
Researchers confirm triaxial nuclei wobble on intermediate axes, providing insight into nuclear structure and heavy element formation. The study's findings generate confidence in predictions about nuclear physics and stellar environments.
Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University have successfully created a new type of curved acoustic wave beam, known as an acoustical hook, which can be used to manipulate nanoparticles with high precision and accuracy. This innovation has the potential to revolutionize fields such as biomedicine and materials synthesis.
Researchers discovered that two-dimensional liquids exhibit collective motion and long-wavelength fluctuations, which differ from the random Brownian motion seen in three-dimensional liquids. This finding helps explain puzzling differences in liquid dynamics and opens avenues for understanding complex fluid behavior.
The Fundamental Aspects of Plant Viruses focus issue in New Phytopathology emphasizes recent breakthroughs in understanding plant viruses and their impact on agriculture. The issue features studies on virus-host and vector interactions, replication, and pathogenicity, shedding light on disease development and horizontal transmission.
Researchers at Cornell University used high-powered cryo-electron microscopy to study mosquito sperm and fertilization. They discovered that sperm shed their outer coat within 24 hours of insemination, triggering rapid motility and increased fertility in females.