Articles tagged with Basic Research
Researchers identified brain cells called angular head velocity (AHV) cells that track head motion speed, which improves estimation of own head angular speed when visual cues are available. This study sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying navigation and self-motion guidance in the brain.
Researchers have made a significant advance in shrinking the size of particle accelerators by using intense lasers and plasmas. They demonstrated functional equivalent of a confining metal tube waveguide, generating plasma waveguiding of up to 300-terawatt laser pulses, and accelerating electrons up to 5 GeV over a distance of only 20 cm.
Researchers identified 'hotspots' for flash droughts globally, including regions with high agricultural production, and found that half of the contributing factor is a lack of rainfall and hot weather conditions. This study provides a foundation to build off and explore key questions regarding future trends of flash drought occurrence.
Researchers create a multiscale model to track water quality indicators like nitrogen and mercury levels, incorporating biogeochemical reactions in microbially-active zones. They also develop 'stretchier' alloys by adding nano structures, which enhance strength and ductility, making them suitable for various applications. Additionally,...
Researchers at the University of Bonn have successfully filmed the nuclear export of protein-building machines, or ribosomes, from the nucleus to the rest of the cell. The study provides new insights into this complex process, which is crucial for understanding how cells produce proteins.
Researchers developed a new mechanism of adsorption called mechanisorption, which can store significant amounts of energy by recruiting molecules onto surfaces at high concentrations. This breakthrough has implications for energy storage, controlled release, and environmental remediation.
Researchers have identified a gene called Nup54 that plays a crucial role in regulating female reproductive behaviors in fruit flies. This discovery provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual conflict and its impact on evolution.
Brookhaven Lab particle physicist Kétévi Assamagan has been elected as an APS Fellow for his significant contributions to the Standard Model Higgs boson research. He is also recognized for leading physics outreach programs, including founding the African School of Fundamental Physics and Applications.
A Cornell-led team has published detailed maps of Titan's liquid methane rivers and tributaries, providing context for the upcoming Dragonfly mission. The research examined Earth-based radar data to understand fluvial characteristics on Titan, shedding light on its sediment transport system.
The Human Brain Project unveiled its 8th annual Summit with presentations of new scientific insights and technologies. The project has developed a powerful new infrastructure called EBRAINS, which will serve generations of brain scientists.
Mainz University has secured first place in the field of Physics and fourth place overall in the natural sciences, receiving EUR 67 million in DFG funding. The university's efforts to invest in life sciences have resulted in significant growth, with Medicine and Biology disciplines experiencing a notable increase in DFG funding.
Researchers at Jefferson Lab discovered a thinner neutron skin around calcium nuclei than expected, contrasting with lead measurements. This finding presents an opportunity for further exploration into the underlying reasons for this difference.
The latest results from the RHIC Spin Program provide new insights into the contribution of quarks and gluons to a proton's spin. Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have made significant progress in studying the three-dimensional internal structure of protons using collisions of spin-polarized protons at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ...
Electrical engineers at Duke University have discovered a way to extend the use of chalcogenide glasses into the visible and ultraviolet parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. By nanostructuring these materials, they can create high-order harmonic frequencies that enable transmission of light at previously inaccessible wavelengths.
Researchers at the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre have discovered a new brain circuit that enables mice to override their instincts based on previous experience. The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) inhibits threat reactions when animals feel safe, but activates them when danger is perceived.
Researchers will investigate the genetic and epigenetic factors controlling variation in health, with potential implications for combating cancer, obesity, and other diseases. The team aims to identify new sets of disease-related genes, delineate subtypes of disease, and understand the complex interaction between genetics and epigenetics.
The 2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics presents cutting-edge research on nuclear astrophysics, quantum technology, and rare isotopes. Researchers will discuss breakthroughs such as the most precise measurement of neutron lifetime and novel experiments measuring neutron skin in calcium.
Researchers at City University of Hong Kong discovered a way to steer the spreading direction of liquids on a surface inspired by the Araucaria leaf. By adjusting the surface tension, they can control the liquid flow direction, with implications for fluidics design and heat transfer enhancement.
Researchers at Kyushu University successfully reconstitute the ovarian follicle from mouse stem cells, generating functional egg cells and growing viable mice. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for infertility and help conserve endangered animals through egg cell production.
Five innovative research projects tackle fundamental questions of environmental and earth science, including the origins of Earth and life on Mars. The studies aim to advance our understanding and lead to important scientific breakthroughs.
The GPGD database contains records for 903 herb species, including DNA barcodes, organelle genomes, and whole genomes. It provides essential resources for species identification, biosynthetic pathway decomposition, and molecular-assisted breeding analysis.
A team of researchers from Boston College has created a new metallic specimen where electron motion flows in a fluid-like manner, fundamentally changing particle-like to hydrodynamic dynamics. The discovery confirms theoretical predictions and opens up new possibilities for material exploration and potential applications.
Researchers developed a mathematical modelling tool to predict polymer network connections and properties, enabling design of new materials for various applications. The tool combines theoretical modelling and experimental chemistry expertise.
Researchers developed a method to scale up nanocages to trap noble gases like krypton and xenon. The team used commercial materials and found the optimal temperature range for trapping gas atoms inside the cages.
A Russian-U.K. research team has proposed a theoretical description for the new effect of quantum wave mixing involving classical and nonclassical states of microwave radiation. The study builds on earlier experiments on artificial atoms, which serve as qubits for quantum computers and probes fundamental laws of nature.
Scientists detected electronic and optical interlayer resonances in bilayer graphene by twisting one layer 30 degrees, resulting in increased interlayer spacing that influences electron motion. This understanding could inform the design of future quantum technologies for more powerful computing and secure communication.
Research on rats suggests that aerosols from a range of vaping devices impair blood vessel function, similar to traditional cigarette smoke. The study found that even newer, coil-less ultrasonic vaping devices can have adverse effects on vascular health.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have successfully generated a two-dimensional supersolid quantum gas, a phenomenon previously observed only in one dimension. This breakthrough enables the study of vortices forming in the hole between droplets, furthering our understanding of superfluidity and its properties.
Researchers found that cuttlefish can remember specific events, including what they ate and where it happened, up to their last few days of life. Unlike humans, who lose this ability with age, cuttlefish's episodic-like memory is preserved until the end of their lives.
The DTU researchers have developed a universal measurement-based optical quantum computer platform, enabling the execution of any arbitrary algorithm. The platform is scalable to thousands of qubits and can be connected directly to a future quantum Internet.
Researchers at Aalto University have discovered that fibrous red phosphorous, when electrons are confined in its one-dimensional sub-units, shows large optical responses. The material demonstrates giant anisotropic linear and non-linear optical responses, as well as emission intensity.
Researchers created a new type of 'chain mail' fabric with hollow octahedrons that can stiffen up to 25 times its original stiffness when vacuum-packed. This technology has potential applications in bullet-proof vests, medical support for the elderly, and protective exoskeletons.
Scientists have developed a paramagnetic ring that encapsulates water droplets under a magnetic field, enabling precise manipulation. The ring, made of an oil-based ferrofluid, forms spontaneously around the droplet and can be moved remotely by changing the magnetic field.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki have identified short non-coding RNA molecules in human ova and embryos, shedding light on embryonic development. The study's findings may lead to improved infertility treatments and a deeper understanding of early miscarriages.
Researchers have developed a new MRI methodology called Correlation Tensor Imaging (CTI) that can analyze stroke lesions with unprecedented accuracy. This technology may predict individual outcomes and guide treatment, improving patient care.
Eric Everett, a renowned researcher, has received the IADR Distinguished Scientist Award in Biological Mineralization Basic Research. His work focuses on craniofacial and mineralized tissue genetics, gene-environment interactions, and animal models for dental and oral disorders.
A study by Research Institute for Sustainability reveals that barriers to reducing plastic packaging consumption include habits, lack of knowledge, hygiene concerns, and economic factors. To achieve zero-waste shopping, cultural and infrastructural changes are necessary, including making alternative options more affordable and convenient.
A study published in Nature Communications analyzed 360 million real-world ride requests from New York City and Chicago, revealing two adoption patterns that depend on demand. When demand is high, passengers are more likely to book a solo ride despite lower comfort levels.
Marianna Maiaru, a mechanical engineering assistant professor at UMass Lowell, has received a $450,000 grant from the Air Force to advance the development and processing of high-strength, high-temperature structural materials. Her project focuses on ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials used in aerospace applications.
A diverse range of microorganisms were discovered in the Kuzbass coal seam, including bacteria that can convert poisonous carbon monoxide into CO2. These microbes have unique metabolic capabilities, allowing them to thrive in extreme environments.
Researchers discovered Zeeman spin-orbit coupling in two different materials, demonstrating its generic nature and opening possibilities for spin manipulation. This breakthrough may lead to the development of fundamentally new electronic devices with high storage density and fast operation.
A new technique uses a laser to create colorful strokes on metal, offering a way to change or erase colors. The approach creates miniature art with complex meaning through shape and color, as well as microstructures on the surface.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a wearable, flexible transmitter that can send wireless data over long distances. The device uses a copper mesh with a wavy pattern to maintain its resonance frequency even when stretched or compressed.
Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University successfully measured a spectral line width of less than 0.01 percent using high-precision spectrometry equipment, revealing approximately 8,000 coherently radiating sources in the super-radiant regime.
A research team at Toyohashi University of Technology and University of Calgary investigates the effect of post-annealing on a garnet-type Ta-substituted LLZO ceramic solid electrolyte degraded by Li metal penetration. The study reveals that annealed Ta-LLZO maintains high Li ion conductivity above 10^-4 S cm^-1 at room temperature, ma...
Researchers have identified key challenges in understanding photophysics and photochemistry of carbon nanocolloids, a promising candidate for technological and biomedical applications. The findings may pave the way for using adaptable, non-toxic, and sustainable nanomaterials in various fields.
Scientists have discovered a new way to design magnets with high operating temperatures, large coercivity, and low density. The novel lightweight magnets could complement or compete with traditional inorganic magnets in various applications.
Scientists at Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University propose a mathematical model to analyze the effect of neural stimulation by ultrasonic waves on electrical signals in nerves. The study aims to improve treatment methods for severe neurological disorders such as epilepsy and chronic depression.
The National Institute on Aging has awarded up to $2 million to the American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR) to continue its role as the Nathan Shock Centers Coordinating Center. The award will support AFAR's efforts to enhance visibility, facilitate collaboration, and improve training among aging research centers nationwide.
Researchers in China have designed a nanogenerator that captures light breezes, generating electricity through the triboelectric effect. The device can power small electronic devices and is suitable for nature reserves or cities, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional wind turbines.
The USC-Buck Nathan Shock Center will explore the biology of aging and its impact on disease, with a focus on cellular senescence, genomic translation, and geroscience technology. The center aims to translate basic research into effective preventions and therapies to extend healthspan.
A citizen science study led by the Estonian Research Council analyzed data from over 1,700 observations, revealing a systematic dominance of short-styled morphs and increased deviations in smaller populations with higher human population density. The findings have significant implications for conservation efforts, highlighting another ...
The NSF has awarded a $20 million grant to create an AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions, a cross-discipline collaboration between 20 physicists and seven AI experts from top universities. The institute will explore the use of AI in fundamental physics and apply physics principles to improve AI methods.
Researchers create analysis framework to evaluate tradeoffs and design choices in ultraviolet communication systems, offering insights into their natural low-probability-of-detection property. This understanding is crucial for optimizing system performance and predicting detection capabilities.
Lehigh University's Energy Research Center receives $750,000 from the DOE to improve power plant efficiency and develop a technology to measure toxic heavy metals in power plant wastewater. The project aims to optimize operating efficiency, system reliability, and emission reductions.
Researchers have developed a new system delivering few-ps pulses at 2 μm wavelength with peak power of 17 GW, exceeding previous records. The system features excellent stability and brilliant beam quality, making it suitable for applications in nonlinear optics, spectroscopy, and materials processing.
A team of researchers from the University of Konstanz and Innsbruck explore the role of artificial intelligence in basic research, focusing on agency, creativity, and authorship. They aim to provide a conceptual framework for the development of AI methods in science.
Scientists at the University of Warwick created a method called MeniFluidics to control cellular patterns, enabling the creation of arbitrary patterns and opening doors for tissue engineering and bio-art. This breakthrough could lead to innovations in antibiotic resistance and biofouling prevention.
Flying insects integrate visual, olfactory, and aerodynamic cues to locate objects in 3D space. Research using virtual reality revealed that Dipteran species use depth cues, wind tunnel-like airflow fields, and odor information to navigate.
Researchers confirm triaxial nuclei wobble on intermediate axes, providing insight into nuclear structure and heavy element formation. The study's findings generate confidence in predictions about nuclear physics and stellar environments.