A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that contact with police is associated with negative health outcomes for Black youth, including poor mental health, substance use, and risky behaviors. The researchers also found that Black youth experience feelings of alienation and hopelessness due to lack of support from social institutions.
A new five-year research project led by Thomas Neeson aims to model the impacts of conservation incentives on farmers in the Red River basin. The study will help understand how voluntary, incentive-based conservation programs can be effectively designed to promote sustainable water use.
Researchers found that insect protein has great potential to reduce global warming associated with food consumption in Europe, especially when used in broiler meat production. Using edible insects or low-value food industry side stream products can increase the carbon footprint benefits of using insect protein over soybean meal protein.
Researchers found that injecting SK/CCK-type neuropeptides into starfish retracts their stomachs and makes them less inclined to eat, even with food in front of them. This discovery sheds light on the evolutionary conservation of feeding regulation mechanisms across animals.
Scientists from Tokyo University of Science and NIMS Japan have evaluated the irreversibility of LixWO3 thin films. They found that irreversible Li+ trapping and Li2WO4 formation are different processes, with proportions of 7.7% and 50.9%, respectively.
The study found that store-wide confectionery sales decreased and fruit and vegetable sales increased when unhealthy products were removed from checkouts and aisles, resulting in nearly 10,000 extra portions of fruit and vegetables being sold weekly.
Researchers have developed a stable perovskite nanocrystal material for LEDs, enabling bright and long-lasting light sources. The new material is made using a metal-organic framework structure, which keeps the nanocrystals separate and prevents degradation.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's grow functional biliary organoids to reveal previously unknown cell defects and a potential repair approach. The study identifies structural defects in cells that form bile ducts, which can lead to liver fibrosis and failure.
A new study from the University of Georgia suggests that eliminating physical currency could benefit average Americans as long as certain taxes are lowered too. The research finds that reducing cash transactions would lead to lower tax evasion, allowing governments to reduce other taxes and boost overall well-being.
A study from KAUST found that interface and bandgap engineering can significantly slow down the relaxation of 'hot' electrons in semiconductors, increasing their lifetimes. This innovation has potential applications in solar cells, which could improve efficiency by reducing heat loss.
A new study uses deep learning to predict breast cancer risk from mammograms, outperforming clinical risk factors in distinguishing between women who will develop cancer and those who won't. The findings have significant implications for breast cancer management, suggesting a potential role for AI as a second reader for radiologists.
A review of 29 studies with nearly 20,000 participants reveals an association between police exposure and adverse health outcomes for Black youth. The current body of evidence suggests that police contact may be a significant risk factor for poor health and well-being in this demographic.
Researchers have discovered that MAX phases ceramics can form kink-bands under loading, which can effectively stop cracks from growing and even close and heal them. This self-healing mechanism makes MAX phases suitable for a variety of advanced structural applications, including efficient jet engines and safer nuclear reactors.
Researchers found that saliva protein adsorption is influenced by biomaterial surface properties, countering previous studies. The study lays groundwork for improving medical and dental implants' success by controlling the adsorption of proteins from blood plasma.
A new study predicts that climate change will lead to longer dry spells in tropical regions, causing important global crops like coffee and cocoa to suffer. This could result from hotter temperatures, increased number of dry days, and longer dry spell lengths, particularly during the dry season.
Researchers found that thin films in black tea are strengthened by chemically hardened water, making it suitable for packaged tea beverages. Conversely, acidic components like citrus reduce film visibility and add flavor to dried tea mixes.
A UK study found that only 22% of critically ill older adults have a documented 'do not resuscitate' (DNACPR) decision at hospital admission. Discussions about end-of-life care should occur earlier in their treatment journey to ensure patient preferences are respected.
Researchers at CeMM have developed an eco-friendly process to synthesize organic materials using water instead of toxic solvents, achieving cost savings of up to 25% and improving material properties. The process involves heating molecules in water under pressure to create high-performance materials with unique structures and properties.
Researchers found that nanofibers coalesce irreversibly during water aerosol exposure, reducing effective fiber length for capturing aerosols. This study aims to improve design and use of face masks made with nanofibers, highlighting the need for frequent replacement in cold environments.
A study found that over 50 US localities allow indoor cannabis smoking lounges, exposing customers and employees to secondhand cannabis smoke. Most laws do not require smoke-free environments or effective ventilation, putting public health at risk.
A new study improves climate change cost estimates by considering annual climate variability and persistent economic damages. This advancement highlights the urgent need for climate action to mitigate the damage caused by greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers found significant disparities in diabetes diagnosis ages among US racial and ethnic groups. Younger Hispanic individuals were more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age compared to non-Hispanic whites and other racial groups.
Researchers found that frequent cannabis users were 2 times more likely to have had a heart attack compared to non-users. The study also found an association between recent cannabis use and myocardial infarction across different forms of consumption.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst scientist suggests that rising social stress may contribute to the projected global population decline starting in 2064. Stress from social media and other social interactions may be leading to changes in reproductive behavior and physiology, resulting in decreased reproduction rates.
Researchers at UCF's NanoScience Technology Center created a new nanomaterial that repels water and stays dry even when submerged underwater. The discovery has the potential to develop more efficient water-repellent surfaces, fuel cells, and electronic sensors.
Researchers found that remnant cholesterol levels above 24 micrograms per deciliter were associated with a 40-50% higher risk of major heart disease or stroke. The study suggests using remnant cholesterol as an additional metric for predicting cardiovascular disease and stroke risk, in addition to LDL cholesterol levels.
Researchers found no significant DNA changes in stem cells after transplant, but an anti-virus drug called ganciclovir may contribute to cancer development. Further research is needed to investigate this further.
Researchers found a higher incidence of Valley Fever since the last report, with most cases occurring in southwestern Utah. The disease can resemble symptoms of the flu or COVID-19 and is caused by a fungus that becomes airborne when dust is disturbed.
Researchers have found that blocking DHPS, an enzyme necessary for activating elF5A, can reduce inflammation and improve glucose control in mice. The study suggests macrophages play a key role in inflammation in obesity, and targeting this pathway may be a promising approach to treating the condition.
A new study using Neanderthal fragments suggests that generation intervals have fluctuated over the past 40,000 years, with human life history changing in response to environmental and cultural factors. The research found that Eurasian populations reproduced at a younger age than those in Europe, indicating a difference of 3-5 years in...
Researchers are studying how climate change is forcing animals to evolve and adapt, with changes in beak and ear sizes reported in birds and tail length increases in mice, experts warn that these changes may have unintended ecological consequences
Scientists from HKUST and PolyU develop an in-vitro vesicle formation assay to study cargo clients and factors that mediate vesicular trafficking. The study reveals cytosolic proteins associated with vesicle membranes, including FAM84B and PRRC1, and uncovers novel cargo proteins dependent on GTP hydrolysis.
Research finds that patients undergoing planned surgery in independent sector hospitals have shorter hospital stays and lower readmission rates than those treated in NHS hospitals. The study analyzed data from over 3.5 million patients and found significant differences in length of stay, emergency transfers, and readmissions.
Researchers at Duke University have developed an open-source software platform called ASCENT that allows non-experts to create patient-specific, 3D models of nerves being electrically stimulated. This enables more accurate predictions and potentially new therapies for diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
A new study reveals that climate change will affect Antarctic seals, such as crabeater and Weddell seals, in distinct ways. Crabeater seals are more vulnerable due to their specialized diet and breeding on unstable pack-ice, while Weddell seals are less affected.
A recent study published in Genome Biology found direct evidence that CTCF governs chromatin accessibility, a critical process for gene expression. By using cutting-edge technologies and a multidisciplinary approach, researchers discovered CTCF's role in rewiring genome-wide chromatin assembly.
Researchers at RMIT University developed highly versatile, cost-effective 3D printed catalysts that could tackle the challenge of overheating in hypersonic aircraft. The new catalysts show promise for fuelling the future of hypersonic flight by simultaneously cooling the system.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology developed improved carbon membranes that can efficiently separate para-xylene from its siblings, reducing energy consumption by up to three times. The breakthrough could lower energy costs in producing commodity chemicals and fuels.
Researchers found that temperature during insect development impacts the protective effect of Wolbachia against viruses. Lower temperatures reduce protection, while higher temperatures enhance it. This discovery has significant implications for initiatives like the World Mosquito Program and understanding Wolbachia biology.
A study from Michigan Medicine found that people with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop a cytokine storm during coronavirus infection due to the enzyme SETDB2. Administering interferon beta increased SETDB2 and decreased inflammatory cytokines in diabetic mice, offering potential therapy for severe COVID-19.
Research suggests that overweight and obese asthmatic children are less likely to respond to inhaled steroid medication, leading to more frequent asthma attacks. The study used genetic variants linked to BMI to investigate this link, finding a correlation between higher BMI z-scores and poor ICS response.
A study by Binghamton University found that companies that express remorse in the wake of a product failure are more likely to encourage customers to repurchase from them. The researchers also discovered that remorseful statements can help stave off retaliatory actions such as lawsuits by framing messages that match consumers' natural ...
Researchers developed lab-on-a-chip optical biosensors for real-time COVID-19 detection, overcoming low viral load challenges. These sensors utilize light beam interactions to detect viruses, enabling faster diagnosis and controlling outbreaks.
A study using machine-learning models trained on over 1 million companies reveals that AI can accurately predict the success of startups. The tool, developed by researchers, has the potential to help investors make informed decisions and avoid significant losses.
A Tohoku University research group discovered that Peyer's patches and specific bacteria facilitate the transfer of maternal IgA to breastmilk, boosting newborn immunity. This finding has significant implications for developing probiotics to improve breastfeeding quality.
Researchers found educational workshops improved women's household decision-making and financial literacy in Nigeria. The programs were most effective in areas where women were less active, but showed inconsistent results in other domains.
A new tool has been developed to identify genetic influences behind sex-biased diseases, such as lupus, which affect females more frequently. The tool analyzes genes that escape X chromosome inactivation, a process that ensures females do not overexpress genes on their X-chromosomes.
Researchers are using tree rings and sediments to reconstruct Atlantic hurricane history over millennia. By combining these natural archives with global climate model simulations, they aim to refine the record of history's hurricanes.
A randomized clinical trial shows that a community-based weight management program delivered at health centers improved BMI in Hispanic children aged six to 12. The program, which included text messaging and connections to community resources, also reduced sugary beverage consumption, increased physical activity, and led to healthier l...
A new study found that young children with cancer are at a higher risk of permanent hearing loss due to the chemotherapy drug cisplatin. The study, published in the journal CANCER, reveals that up to 75% of children under 5 years old experienced hearing loss after treatment.
A Massachusetts General Hospital physician suggests that emoji could facilitate communication between patients and doctors, particularly in emergency medical settings. The use of emoji has the potential to improve patient-doctor communication, especially for those with disabilities or language barriers.
Physicist Eve Armstrong aims to understand the origins of elements heavier than iron using weather prediction technique data assimilation. With a two-year NSF EAGER grant, she and her team will predict whether supernova stardust gave rise to these heavy elements.
Scientists are still unraveling how pathogens adapt to changing conditions, including climate change and global trade. Genome sequencing and big data technologies have revealed that dramatic events like hybridization between pathogen species can lead to rapid evolution of virulence on new host plants.
The Agrobiodiversity Index reveals that globally, biodiversity and agrobiodiversity are in decline, with only a fraction of species contributing to crop production. Maintaining diversity is vital for achieving sustainable food systems.
Researchers at the University of California - San Diego have developed COVID-19 vaccine candidates made from plant viruses and bacteriophages, which can be stored and shipped without refrigeration. These vaccines trigger high production of neutralizing antibodies in mice, offering a potential solution for global distribution efforts.
A new method improves forecasting of toxic algae blooms by analyzing chemical markers from zooplankton in mussels, allowing for earlier warnings and more accurate predictions.
Researchers developed a lightweight and flexible passive air-breathing PEMFC with simplified components. The new design allows for easy assembly and folding, reducing the number of parts and increasing power output when connected in series.
A new study published in Nature Communications reveals that low-risk and high-risk neuroblastoma have distinct cell identities, which can affect survival rates. The researchers identified a progenitor cell type found in fetal adrenal tissue, which may contribute to the development of aggressive neuroblastoma in older children.
A new study suggests that emergency management officials often lack the numeracy skills needed to make best evacuation decisions based on data. The most numerate officials provided additional evacuation times to their coastal communities, while less numerate ones gave less advance warning and over-evacuated tens of thousands more people.
Researchers have created a new technology to enhance therapeutic antibodies' ability to attack blood cancer cells by leveraging the human immune system. This approach combines IgM and IgG antibodies, resulting in a single molecule with increased complement activation.
Patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease are hospitalized sooner and more often than their age- and sex-matched counterparts, according to a study published in CHEST. The risk is higher for people with compromised immune systems or damaged airways.
Researchers successfully simulated the capsid disassembly step of hepatitis B viral infection at an unprecedented atomic level, identifying specific regions of the capsid protein that contribute to breakage. This high-accuracy simulation can help design drugs to interrupt these processes and prevent chronic infection.
A new computer model developed by Columbia University researchers accurately predicts the likelihood of individuals being colonized with MRSA in hospital settings. The model identifies asymptomatic carriers, who are responsible for most of the spread, and suggests targeted interventions to control infections.
A team of researchers characterized different bacterial populations isolated from the International Space Station's potable water system, exploring their functional properties and long-term interactions. The study aimed to improve microbial risk assessments for human-built environments in space and on Earth.
Researchers developed a nanoporous super multi-element catalyst containing 14 elements through de-alloying. This alloy exhibits excellent water electrolysis properties due to the multi-element superposition effect. The breakthrough creation has potential for future development into an omnipotent and versatile catalyst.
Researchers have identified global hotspots where bird malaria is spreading rapidly, with significant impacts on bird populations. The study found that climate and forest conditions play a crucial role in predicting infection risks, highlighting the need for conservation efforts to protect bird species from this deadly disease.
Researchers found that patients taking omega-3 supplements showed stable memory function compared to those in the control group. However, no significant differences were observed in biomarkers in spinal fluid samples. The study provides valuable insights into the potential effects of omega-3 on Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers have developed an AI program that can spot signs of lung cancer up to a year before diagnosis using CT scans. The program was trained on 888 patients and tested on a separate set of 1179 patients, achieving a 97% accuracy rate in detecting malignant tumours.
Researchers at Arizona State University studied the physics behind humans balancing coffee while walking, revealing a natural mode of flexibility that mimics human motion. The findings can be used to design smart robots to adaptively handle complex objects in changing environments.
A new study from Lund University reveals that psychiatric and cognitive symptoms emerge at an early stage in Huntington's disease, highlighting the importance of targeting the emotional brain. Researchers identify changes in oligodendrocytes and white matter in the limbic system, suggesting a need for new treatment approaches.
A study found that boosting a cellular response to misfolded proteins actually shortens lifespan, contradicting previous research. The discovery highlights the complexity of aging and suggests new targets for disease prevention.
A new study by the University of York and Natural England finds that only 9% of Britain's land area has legal status for biodiversity protection. The researchers suggest prioritizing areas with high landscape value, but argues this approach is inefficient and may not deliver intended goals.
A new study found that non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American adults are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at an average age of 46-47 years old, four to seven years earlier than non-Hispanic white adults. Preventive measures such as nutrition counseling and physical-activity programs can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes.
Researchers analyzed large datasets to find biomarkers that could help select immunotherapy treatment for older patients. The analysis suggests that factors such as mutational burden and immune checkpoint protein expression are associated with increased response to immunotherapies in older patients, despite lower general immunity.
A study published in Nature's Communications Biology reveals how geckos steer in mid-air and stabilise landings using their heads and tails. Researchers found that a shorter tail length results in increased adhesive foot force, crucial for successful vertical landing.
Researchers are developing a vaccine to prevent oxycodone use disorder, which affects half of those treated with existing medications. The experimental vaccine has shown promise in preclinical studies and is now being tested in a phase 1a/1b clinical trial at Columbia University.
Researchers at Kyoto University have made a groundbreaking discovery by creating functional sperm cells from mouse pluripotent stem cells. The breakthrough has significant implications for male fertility and reproduction, providing a new model for generating male germ cells in a test tube.
Researchers tracked five species of large land birds flying nonstop over the open ocean, exploiting wind and uplift conditions to save energy. The study reveals that many land birds rely on atmospheric support to complete their migrations, making them vulnerable to climate change.
The new QIBA profile provides a framework for evaluating the reliability of cartilage compositional imaging measurements, including T1rho and T2 mapping. It establishes minimum detectable changes in these values, enabling early detection of cartilage abnormalities and potentially preventing osteoarthritis.
Researchers at University of Toronto found that the brain's prefrontal cortex generalizes perceptual experiences from different senses, producing sensations even without direct experience. The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging and massage stones to capture neural activity patterns in the brain.
Researchers found that coral communities in the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA) are recovering from past heatwaves, with heat-tolerant offspring repopulating the reefs. This study provides a source of hope for coral reef conservation and restoration, highlighting the potential for some reefs to keep pace with ocean warming.
Scientists at Kobe University have created plants that can identify polychlorinated biphenyls and endocrine-disrupting chemicals, which contaminate soil and water. The plant-based method offers a convenient and inexpensive way to monitor toxicity levels.
Researchers identified three types of impasses: wanted, forced, and unwanted, each requiring specific solutions. Wanted impasses can be resolved by negotiating on interest levels, accelerating processes, and offering symbolic concessions.
A $992,000 VA Merit Review grant will fund research on non-neuronal activity after binge drinking to understand its impact on synaptic dysfunction and alcohol use disorder. The study aims to identify novel mechanisms, specifically astrocytes, involved in the dysregulation of neuronal activity.
Researchers have developed an AI-powered tool, Roofpedia, to track sustainable roof adoption worldwide. The tool uses satellite images to gauge cities' green and solar roof penetration, with Singapore ranked third in solar roof coverage.
A new study by University of Bristol researchers found that people's comfort in their surroundings affects their walking patterns, with those feeling relaxed having regular stepping patterns regardless of environment. The study suggests well-designed urban environments can benefit wellbeing, concentration, and attention similar to natu...
Researchers from Nagoya Institute of Technology synthesized elastic polymer films with versatile elongation and fracture properties using photo-modulus patterning. The films' Young's modulus can be controlled by post-preparation photo reaction, making them suitable for diverse applications.
Researchers sequenced the genomes of an ancient date palm leaf and found evidence of hybridization with wild relatives. The study sheds light on the evolution of date palms in North Africa, showing that genetic material from another species was present 2,200 years ago.
The Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation has completed the largest coral reef survey and mapping expedition in history, assessing over 1,000 reefs in 16 countries. The Global Reef Expedition provided a comprehensive dataset for coral reef conservation, highlighting the status and major threats to these ecosystems.
A research team led by Dr Chaogu ZHENG discovered that bacteria-derived curli amyloid fibril promotes neurodegeneration in the host. Inhibiting curli production may be a preventative treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study published in Frontiers in Water predicts that Europe will experience more frequent and severe summer droughts due to the climate crisis. The research identifies four hotspots in France, the Alps, the Mediterranean, and the Iberian Peninsula as being at high risk of droughts.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open analyzed the relationship between marijuana legalization and adolescent use, finding no significant association. The researchers used updated estimates from survey data, concluding that state-level marijuana legalization does not impact teenage marijuana use.
Researchers analyzed ancient DNA from victims of epidemics in Mexico and found evidence of newly introduced viruses, including smallpox, measles, and mumps. The study suggests that European colonists brought these viruses to North America, contributing to devastating epidemics among Indigenous communities.
A new open-access repository aggregates and enhances FAQs by genomics researchers to explain their studies and debunk bias. The repository provides easily accessible information for various stakeholders, including policymakers, journalists, industry, and patient groups.
Researchers will provide training to teachers on effective parent engagement, creating class-wide communication plans and tailored interventions for struggling students. By fostering collaborative relationships between parents and schools, academics and behavioral issues can be addressed, ultimately improving student performance.
Scientists at Empa have pushed flexible solar cell efficiency to a new limit, achieving 21.4% conversion rate. The study's findings also show that the technology remains stable after exposure to combined heat and illumination.
The first-in-human clinical trial for a vaccine to treat opioid use disorders has enrolled its first patients. The vaccine, developed by researchers at the University of Minnesota Medical School, aims to selectively prevent the euphoric and toxic effects of oxycodone.
Researchers have constructed new sea surface salinity indexes to identify two types of El Niño events (EP and CP) independently. The indexes are based on different key areas with varying ocean salinity patterns.
A research team led by Jie Deng, PhD, RN, OCN, FAAN, is conducting a three-year study comparing the effects of clinic-based and home-based complete decongestive therapy (CDT) on changes in lymphedema and symptoms in head and neck cancer survivors. The study aims to provide evidence for informed decision-making about lymphedema care.
Researchers have found that rapidly dividing cells can change their epigenetic markers to reactivate silenced genes. This phenomenon occurs in embryonic cells and is likely also present in adult stem cells and precursor cells.
A new study by UBC researchers found that chemotherapy drug cisplatin is more likely to cause hearing loss in young children, particularly those under five years old. The study, published in Cancer, shows that the hearing of these children is impacted early during treatment and is affected to a greater extent than older children.
Researchers found that late-season weeds had a significant impact on corn yields, with minimal control resulting in an average loss of 50% and exacerbating crop losses under hot or dry conditions. The study suggests that climate change is not the only factor affecting corn yield, but rather its interaction with weeds.
A new study found that rearranging supermarket layouts to prioritize fruit and vegetables over candy leads to healthier food choices. The research, conducted in partnership with Iceland Foods Ltd, showed a decrease in confectionery sales and an increase in fruit and vegetable sales after the changes were made.
Researchers have discovered a way to use mining waste as part of a potential cheaper catalyst for hydrogen fuel production. The new catalyst triggers water splitting reactions using aluminosilicate minerals found in mining waste, which could lead to lower production costs and increased efficiency.
Researchers at Nanyang Technological University and Tan Tock Seng Hospital have developed an AI-powered system to diagnose glaucoma from stereo fundus images, achieving an accuracy of 97% in diagnosing the condition. The automated method could potentially be used in less developed areas where patients lack access to ophthalmologists.
The GPGD database contains records for 903 herb species, including DNA barcodes, organelle genomes, and whole genomes. It provides essential resources for species identification, biosynthetic pathway decomposition, and molecular-assisted breeding analysis.
Adults with a history of traumatic brain injury are at increased risk of using and misusing prescription opioids, with nearly 52% increased risk for use and over 65% increased risk for misuse. The findings support the 'Perfect Storm' hypothesis, suggesting that TBI increases vulnerability to pain and opioid risks.
A new study found that STING-activating drugs significantly alter nucleotide metabolism in pancreas cancer cells, which can be visualized using [18F]FLT PET imaging. This provides a non-invasive tool to track the effects of these drugs and fine-tune treatments for hard-to-treat cancers.
A new platform called LEARNER allows researchers to share private patient data from multiple institutions while protecting privacy. This enables single institutions to access advanced predictive tools and improve patient outcomes.
A recent study found that Black youth in California have significantly higher rates of injuries caused by law enforcement than their non-Black peers. The researchers used California emergency department and hospitalization data to examine the overall rates of such incidents.
Researchers at Skoltech have identified a favorable window of opportunity for manned Mars missions in the mid-2030s. The study suggests that launching during the decaying phase of solar activity can help shield astronauts from cosmic rays, allowing for longer flight durations.
Researchers discovered a distinct difference in gene expression in women who underwent preterm labor compared to those at full term. The findings suggest new directions for studying preterm labor and potentially effective treatments.
Scientists at Huazhong University of Sci. & Tech. present a soft and disordered hyperuniform elastic metamaterial (DHEM) that achieves remarkably high efficiency vibration concentration in broad frequency band, reaching up to ~4000 enhancement factor. The DHEM design covers a range of frequencies from ~100 Hz to ~10 kHz.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered that bacteria can adapt to changing environments by learning statistical regularities, enabling them to predict the future faster than traditional evolutionary methods. The study reveals a simple regulatory architecture that allows bacteria to process information and mak...
The Vilcek Foundation has awarded four prizes worth $250,000 to foreign-born scientists in the United States. The prizes recognize outstanding career contributions to biomedical science and innovative research. This year's recipients include Vishva M. Dixit, Markita del Carpio Landry, Hani Goodarzi, and Harris Wang.
A survey of international experts found a consensus that e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products require differential regulation due to their addictive potential and limited evidence on safety. The experts recommended specific warnings, restrictions on sale and use, and different categorization for the two products.