Black, Hispanic, Indigenous and Asian Americans remain underrepresented in pancreatic cancer clinical trials, despite federal mandates. The lack of diversity hurts patients and science alike, with racial and ethnic minorities accounting for a disproportionate burden of pancreatic cancer cases.
A recent study sheds light on the formation of planetary systems like our own, suggesting that nearby supernovas may have contaminated gas with radioactive material. The researchers found a 59% chance that the enrichment process in Ophiuchus star-forming region is due to supernovas.
A new study reveals that 1,330 nurseries and retailers sell hundreds of invasive plant species, including 20 illegal ones. Regional regulation and outreach are needed to reduce their spread.
Researchers generated brain organoids containing functional optic cups from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), demonstrating intrinsic self-patterning ability. The optic cups exhibited light sensitivity, diverse retinal cell types, and connectivity to brain regions.
A new strategy for curing HIV targets latent viruses by blocking and excising the virus, offering hope for patients to be taken off daily treatments. The HOPE Collaboratory's approach uses genome editing technology to destroy latent HIV.
Researchers discovered a new family member of topological magnetic structures, the skyrmion bundle, which exhibits arbitrary topological charges. The study used Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and found collective motions and topological sign dependence of Hall sideway shifts driven by nanosecond pulsed currents.
A new study reveals a deepening geographical fracture in European societies, with rural areas showing lower trust in politics but higher voting rates. The research suggests that mainstream politicians must address feelings of disconnection from politics and provide economic opportunities to re-engage residents of small towns and villages.
A recent review suggests that normobaric hypoxia, simulated altitude environments, can reduce the risk of high-altitude illnesses and improve exercise performance. Pre-acclimatisation strategies using low-oxygen tents or rooms are considered effective tools for prevention and treatment.
Researchers from University of Notre Dame discovered that behavioral inertia can be beneficial in service center operations, particularly when agents are experts or handling difficult calls. The study suggests striking a balance between automated routing systems and agent discretion to maximize efficiency and effectiveness.
A survey study found significant racial and ethnic differences in self-reported measures of health status, healthcare access, and affordability. The study analyzed data from 20 years, revealing persistent disparities across various racial and ethnic groups.
Researchers estimated health care spending by race and ethnicity in the US from 2002 to 2016, finding that Hispanic patients faced the highest costs. The study suggests racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare spending are significant, affecting patient outcomes and access to care.
A recent study published in JAMA found that just under three-quarters of attendees at five games of the 2021 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament wore masks correctly. Masking behavior varied widely among areas within the venue, highlighting challenges in encouraging public health behaviors.
Researchers found that ageing cuttlefish can remember the details of last week's dinner, unlike humans who gradually lose episodic memory with age. The 'vertical lobe' brain region associated with learning and memory in cuttlefish does not deteriorate until the last two to three days of life.
A new University of Georgia study models the impact of three interventions - social distancing, contact tracing, and case isolation - on containing COVID-19. The researchers found that robust contact tracing was essential in suppressing outbreaks, with a significant increase in cases when efforts were less efficient.
Researchers compared Fox News and MSNBC using natural language analysis, finding distinct linguistic styles in the two networks. The study analyzed over 283 million words in 52,000 transcripts, highlighting differences in pronoun use, analytic content, and noun use.
Research suggests that dieting is a consequence of an unhealthy food environment, rather than the cause of weight loss problems. Experts recommend refocusing concerns on changing the food environment to curb dieting and related issues.
A team of scientists developed a bioprocess that efficiently converts plant matter into high-value bioproducts, overcoming a major hurdle in lignocellulosic biofuels. The process uses xylose and acetate as carbon sources, resulting in significant increases in TAL production and biomass accumulation.
Researchers found that male chimpanzees with strong social bonds are more successful at siring offspring. The study revealed that males who form stronger ties with the alpha male and other dominant males have a higher likelihood of becoming fathers.
Researchers at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology have discovered a non-classical nucleation process that can greatly facilitate ice formation on foreign surfaces. This finding has the potential to decelerate glacier melting and alleviate environmental concerns by predicting and controlling crystallization processes.
Researchers will develop a framework for predicting high-Tc superconductors using first-principles calculations and machine learning. The goal is to create affordable and malleable materials that could revolutionize the power industry.
Researchers at HKUST have developed a novel genome-editing strategy to reduce Alzheimer's disease pathologies in genetically modified mouse models. The technology offers immense potential as a long-acting therapeutic treatment for AD patients, with lasting effects that prevent amyloid-related neurodegeneration.
A new study reveals that bacterial evolution can occur in ancient sub-seafloor sediments with low nutrient availability. The genomes of bacteria isolated from these sediments show a high proportion of pseudogenes and reduced genetic recombination, leading to the accumulation of deleterious mutations.
A Rice University study finds that teams benefit from diverse emotional states, with 'negative affect' promoting critical thinking and 'positive affect' fostering broad thinking. This 'dual-tuning' leads to greater team creativity.
Researchers have discovered a way to induce magnetic waves in antiferromagnets using ultrafast laser pulses, potentially leading to faster and more efficient data storage. This technology could endow materials with new functionalities for energy-efficient and ultrafast data storage applications.
A survey of over 17,000 pregnant and lactating individuals who received the COVID-19 vaccine found that they did not experience symptoms more severe than non-pregnant counterparts. The study's lead author notes that pregnant people do well with the vaccine and should be included in clinical trials for other relevant vaccines.
Ongoing acute kidney injury in deceased donor kidneys is linked to lower long-term graft survival. Notably, abnormal serum creatinine values during procurement also negatively impact graft outcomes.
A recent study has uncovered the evolutionary forces at play in the aging of the blood system and identified individuals at increased risk of blood cancer. The research provides a robust indicator for classifying patients with ARCH mutations, allowing for more frequent screening and early treatment.
Recent studies demonstrate the applications of LC-MS in characterizing Traditional Chinese Medicine formulations, real-time drug measurement, and bioactive compounds from Osmanthus fragrans. These techniques offer high sensitivity, robustness, and ease of use for quality assessment and characterization.
Researchers found that Indigenous Territories are as effective as Protected Areas in preserving forest's carbon stocks, with some areas showing up to 10% more carbon storage. The study suggests that securing land titles and formalizing forest co-governance can bring multiple benefits for both indigenous people and national governments.
A Northwestern University study found that COVID-19 death rates had a significant impact on the 2020 presidential election. Counties with high mortality rates saw smaller increases in Democratic voters, while those with lower mortality rates saw larger increases in support for Joe Biden.
A new study investigated the benefits of patient participation in tumour conferences for complex cancer cases. Most respondents perceived their participation as a positive experience, finding it informative and recommended to others. However, some patients reported feelings of fear and uncertainty after participating in the conference.
Researchers have directly measured the interaction between an ultraviolet laser and a relativistic electron beam in a dipole magnet. The study shows that energy modulation of the electron beam can be effectively tailored, leading to precise bends in the pathway and improved FEL pulse properties.
A study published by the University of Cambridge found significantly fewer full-time equivalent GPs and total direct patient care staff in deprived areas. Despite some compensation due to increased numbers of nurses, the shortage is likely to widen health inequalities, with limited access to care for those who need it most.
A study by Georgia State University researchers found a significant increase in physical and psychological aggression among couples during the pandemic. Rates of aggression rose sharply after shelter-in-place restrictions were implemented, with non-heavy drinkers being disproportionately affected.
A Princeton University and McGill University study found that vaccine nationalism can increase COVID-19 cases and facilitate the emergence of novel variants. Increased vaccine-sharing resulted in reduced case numbers in low-access regions, highlighting the importance of equitable global distribution.
Researchers at UC Berkeley studied how squirrels decide whether to take a leap and assess their biomechanical abilities to know whether they can land safely. They found that squirrels learn to adapt their leaping strategy in just a few attempts, depending on the branch's compliance and gap distance.
Researchers designed a 3D-bioprinted model of a blood vessel that mimics its state of health and disease, enabling more accurate cardiovascular drug advancements. The team's novel nanoengineered bioink offers high printability and ability to protect encapsulated cells.
Researchers have developed a simple assessment tool to evaluate patients' risk of cognitive dysfunction in drug treatment programs. The tool combines cognitive measures with patient demographics and health history to produce an overall risk score, helping staff identify accommodations needed for effective treatment.
A study by researchers from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science reveals that non-molecular carbon disulfide exhibits a mixture of 3 and 4-fold coordinated carbon atoms, contradicting the long-held Bridgman's polymer model. This finding enhances understanding of bonding behaviors in group IV and VI AB2 compounds.
A study found that total vitamin D intake of 300 IU per day or more was associated with a 50% lower risk of developing young-onset colorectal cancer. Higher dietary vitamin D intake was linked to a reduced risk of colon polyps detected before age 50.
Researchers found that miR-513b-5p attenuates autophagy and tumor growth in liver cancer cells by targeting PIK3R3. The study suggests miR-513b-5p as a promising therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
A research team at POSTECH has developed a biocompatible nanomotor that mimics life's autonomous motility using glucose as fuel. The nanomotors exhibit directional propulsion, overcoming Brownian motion, and show potential for intracellular targeted drug delivery and precise cell manipulation.
Researchers reconstructed Mongolia's temperature history using a new tree ring analysis method, confirming record-breaking summer warmth over the past eight centuries. The study supports the delta blue intensity method and enhances climate projections, highlighting the urgent need to address Central Asia's rapid warming.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have identified two separate genetic alterations that enable triple-negative breast cancer cells to develop resistance to a highly effective drug. The findings could help improve therapy and prolong survival for patients with this aggressive form of breast cancer.
Scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a method to regulate the Wnt signaling pathway using blue light, allowing them to study its functions in embryonic development and cancer. This approach enables precise control over the pathway's activity, potentially leading to new treatments for tissue repair and cancer research.
Students taking online courses without live classes slept the most, while those in-person instruction slept the least. Late school start times were associated with better sleep outcomes.
A study of 247 Italian women found that exposure to sexualised imagery on Instagram led to increased body dissatisfaction. The research suggests that the type of comments accompanying the images also played a role, with objectifying features causing more concern among frequent Instagram users.
Researchers identified specialized immune cells in cauliflower coral and starlet sea anemone that can fight infection. These unique cell types were previously unknown and have implications for understanding coral resilience to climate change.
Researchers found a solution to overcome ion interference in perovskite transistors, enabling room-temperature operation. The breakthrough uses ferroelectric materials to mitigate ion transport, promising applications in low-cost electronics.
Researchers use high-frequency kinematic data and machine learning algorithms to identify risky behaviors, drivers, and conditions prior to crashes. The study aims to develop proactive countermeasures to improve safety and prevent crashes before they happen.
Researchers investigated short-term COVID-19 vaccine reactions in pregnant and lactating individuals compared to those planning pregnancy. The study found that vaccinated pregnant and lactating women experienced fewer severe adverse events than unvaccinated women.
A wastewater study conducted in Australia during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown found that cannabis use surged, while methamphetamine (ice) use plummeted. The research, led by the University of South Australia, analyzed wastewater samples from 20 treatment plants across the country and showed a significant increase in cannabis use nationwide.
Researchers used high-powered simulations to study the mysterious process of gas flow across the universe, feeding massive black holes. The new method shows that strong gravitational forces from stars can twist and destabilize gas, driving sufficient influx to power a luminous quasar at galaxy activity peaks.
A new study showcases the COVIDome Explorer, a public online portal for real-time COVID-19 data analysis, visualization and sharing. The platform enables rapid hypotheses testing, hypothesis generation and discoveries by experts and non-experts.
Researchers pair metal halide perovskites with conventional silicon to create a more powerful solar cell, overcoming the 26% practical efficiency limit. The technology has the potential to rapidly scale up solar energy production and help meet ambitious climate change targets.
Researchers have developed a novel nanoplatform to enhance therapeutic effects for cancer, using biomimetic cell membranes and pseudomonas geniculate cells as the natural source. The platform shows minimal cytotoxicity and facilitates efficient drug internalization, while accelerating reactive oxygen species generation in cancerous cells.
Researchers found a mutation in ELOVL4 enzyme impairs communication between neurons, leading to impaired motor control and coordination. The study provides new insights into the essential role of ELOVL4 in motor function and synaptic plasticity, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for patients with spinocerebellar ataxia.
Researchers created a new sun clock to study the solar seasons. The study reveals that the switch from solar maximum to declining phase is fast, occurring within a few solar rotations. This discovery helps predict space weather events, such as violent activity on our Sun leading to extreme events on Earth.
A new UCLA-led study reveals how gut microbes can worsen cognitive impairment in mice by targeting the hippocampus, a crucial brain region for memory and learning. The researchers found that Bilophila wadsworthia bacteria increased in mice fed a ketogenic diet under conditions of oxygen deprivation.
A new simulation developed at Northwestern University reveals the role of galaxy spiral arms in feeding supermassive black holes with gas. The study uses high-powered computing to model gas flow across vast distances and provides insight into quasars, which are incredibly luminous fast-growing black holes.
A Korean population-based cohort study found that cancer, particularly multiple myeloma and leukemia, is associated with an increased risk of kidney failure. The study included approximately 825,000 patients with cancer compared to twice as many without cancer, matched on other characteristics.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found no substantial link between limited in-person attendance at NFL and NCAA football games and increased local COVID-19 cases. The research suggests that the events were not a significant source of transmission for the virus.
A new epidemiology study reveals crucial trends in HIV/AIDS progression in China from 1990 to 2017. The study highlights the need for effective strategies to reduce mortality rates, especially among men, by intensifying targeted efforts including early identification and diagnosis, high-quality treatment services, and patient retention.
A study examines changes in the proportion of Black and African American faculty at US medical schools from 1990 to 2020. The findings indicate an increase in diversity among medical school faculties.
Phasecraft's new research improves Hamiltonian simulation for near-term quantum computers by five orders of magnitude, making it possible to simulate complex materials and chemistry applications within 2-3 years. The breakthrough algorithm can run on noisy, intermediate-scale quantum hardware, accelerating the pace of real-world impact.
A study published in Cell Reports found that a protein called 5MP can regulate abnormal cellular translation and reduce neuronal decay. By increasing 5MP levels, researchers were able to repress neuronal toxicity and enhance the lifespan of affected flies.
Researchers studied 13 social enterprises in Munich after refugee arrival, finding two types of founders: idealistic and self-interested. Idealists prioritized rapid support, while self-interested ones focused on long-term business success with flexible organizational structures.
A nationwide study found that US health systems used COVID-19 treatments dexamethasone and remdesivir variably, with dexamethasone possibly underused in severe cases. The use of these drugs peaked in mid-2020 but fell to lower rates by late February 2021.
Researchers successfully used capacitive deionization to simultaneously remove tetracycline and water hardness ions from water. The method achieved a maximum capacity of 925.3 mg g‑‑ for TC removal, with over 90% efficiency after five cycles.
New research by the University of Kent's DICE institute found that western chimpanzee habitats are threatened due to inadequate legislative protection from human development. The species has declined by 80% in 24 years, mainly attributed to poaching, habitat loss, and mining activities.
Researchers have developed a new type of polymer that can be broken down into its constituent parts, reducing waste and promoting a circular use of materials. The polymers exhibit excellent thermal stability and versatile mechanical properties, making them an attractive candidate to replace traditional plastics.
A major new survey of UK ambulance services found over 600,000 emergency calls for suspected COVID-19 during the first wave, with ambulances sent to nearly 80% of cases. Care received varied widely by geographic area, with some services sending ambulances to under 60% of Covid callers.
Research from Lancaster University finds that low-earning and high-earning women are taking more control of their finances, with high-earning women 'going solo' in money management. Meanwhile, low-earning women are seeing a relaxation of male control over household finances.
A new study finds that male acorn woodpeckers breeding in polygamous groups with one or two other males sire significantly more chicks over their lifetimes than males breeding alone. In contrast, females in polygamous groups leave behind fewer offspring than those in monogamous pairs.
The researchers created a new vascular metamaterial that can be reconfigured to modify its thermal and electromagnetic properties. The microvasculature is made using 3D printing technologies, allowing engineers to create networks of tiny tubes in various shapes and sizes.
A UC Riverside materials scientist has received a $2 million grant to improve the scalability of quantum computers, allowing them to operate at room temperature. The project aims to create design guidelines and manufacturing strategies for hybrid organic-inorganic structures that can produce quantum computers on a larger scale.
The University of Arkansas has established a research institute focused on virology and virus ecology, receiving a $6.1 million grant from the NSF. Researchers will study diverse virus systems across domains of life, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes, to establish fundamental rules of life.
A new study published in Diabetologia found that children of mothers with diabetes before or during pregnancy are more likely to develop high refractive error (RE), including long and short-sightedness. The study analyzed data from over 2.4 million births in Denmark and found a significant association between maternal diabetes and an i...
The new infrared detector can make two technically important ranges of infrared radiation visible, previously not covered by conventional photodiodes. The sensor can distinguish between substances based on their different absorption properties in the NIR and SWIR range.
A recent study has shown that COVID-19 stressors are negatively impacting resettled refugees' mental health, with links to PTSD, depression, and poorer daily functioning. Refugees' past experiences may heighten the impact of the pandemic due to traumatic events and challenges in the post-migration environment.
New research from UC Davis reveals LGBTQ+ teenagers experience disproportionate psychological adversity and exhibit increased anxiety on the popular r/LGBTeens subreddit during the pandemic. The study linked this trend to 10 key conversation topics, including discrimination, education, and exploring sexuality.
A new survey by University of Colorado Denver researchers found large disparities in virtual care models across US health systems. Smaller and low-burdened health systems adopted analytics and customer-oriented digital technologies, while larger and higher-revenue systems used futuristic and growth-oriented digital technologies.
Researchers found that cuttlefish can remember specific events, including what they ate and where it happened, up to their last few days of life. Unlike humans, who lose this ability with age, cuttlefish's episodic-like memory is preserved until the end of their lives.
Scientists have produced a detailed structure of the central complex of photosynthesis in the model plant Arabidopsis, revealing information about chlorophyll and lipid molecules. The high-resolution image was obtained using cryogenic electron microscopy, enabling a comparison of plants' photosystem II complexes with unprecedented detail.
A new study from King's College London found that exercise and poor nutrition can influence the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The research suggests that altered neurogenesis in the brain could potentially represent an early biomarker for both conditions.
Researchers at RMIT University have developed a wave energy converter that doubles the power harvested from ocean waves, overcoming technical challenges and unlocking vast untapped potential. The dual-turbine design is cost-effective and requires no special syncing technology.
A new study found that larger cities produce more income inequality, with the poor experiencing a decline in quality of life. The researchers analyzed data from municipal areas across the US and found that the top 10% of earners gain an increasingly large portion of wealth as cities grow.
Researchers from Meiji University highlight autophagy's role in restoring zinc-iron balance in plants, mitigating symptoms of zinc deficiency and excess. Autophagy regulates intracellular zinc-iron homeostasis, adapting to environmental stress.
A Saint Louis University study found that minority Medicare patients experience worse access to and quality of ambulatory medical care compared to non-minority patients. However, those enrolled in the Medicare Advantage program tend to have better access to care.
A physics model simulates hand-washing to estimate the time scales on which particles like viruses and bacteria are removed from hands. The study finds that vigorous movement for about 20 seconds is necessary to dislodge these particles, consistent with traditional guidelines.
A unique study co-designed by young women aims to develop trauma-informed, gender-responsive mental health resources. The initiative seeks to provide dedicated safe spaces for young women to connect, lean on each other, and share experiences.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine found that COVID-19 vaccination antibodies are effective against the delta variant. The study analyzed antibodies generated by people in response to the Pfizer vaccine and found that 12 out of 13 antibodies recognized both alpha and delta variants, while one antibody failed to rec...
A new study from Cornell University finds that elder mistreatment is a highly prevalent problem in New York state, affecting nearly 1 in 10 older adults over the next decade. The research team identified poor health as a major risk factor and noted that people who transition to living alone are more likely to suffer financial abuse.
A recent study found that print media have achieved a 90% accuracy rate in covering climate change over the past 15 years, with most outlets presenting factually accurate information. However, conservative media outlets were found to be less accurate in their coverage, highlighting ongoing biases in the industry.
Researchers have successfully prepared boron quantum dots with excellent thermal stability, outperforming graphene in thermal conductivity. The new material has been applied to all-optical modulators and laser engineering, showing potential for nonlinear frequency conversion and all-optical communication fields.
Researchers from the University of Nottingham have developed a novel catalyst that combines homogeneous and heterogeneous features, defying traditional categorization. The discovery holds promise for increasing the active surface area available for catalysis, leading to more efficient and sustainable production of molecules.
The NIH study reveals that aerosol exposure directly deposits SARS-CoV-2 deep into the lungs, while fomite exposure leads to initial virus replication in the nose. The findings support public health guidance focused on masking, air filtration, social distancing, and handwashing.
A new study compares Medicare Advantage with traditional Medicare across different racial and ethnic groups, finding disparities in care access and quality. The research highlights the need for targeted interventions to address health inequities in these populations.
Researchers found that backers with prior affiliations decrease the amount of funds raised for crowdfunded ideas. The study suggests that social language and moral licensing contribute to this effect. Creators may need to adjust their strategies to maximize crowdfunding success.
Researchers developed prediction models to distinguish true-positives from false-positives in MRI screenings, reducing recalls and biopsies without missing cancers. The models, based on clinical characteristics and imaging findings, could have prevented 45.5% of false-positive recalls and 21.3% of benign biopsies.
The study aims to identify patterns of case outcomes and document evidence types in federal and state prosecuted cases involving trafficking. The researchers will analyze administrative court data to understand prosecutions in trafficking cases.
A new study found that the public generally opposes repressive policing of protesters, but certain tactics by protesters increase fear and support for police repression. The goals of protests also impact support for police repression, with racially resentful individuals more supportive of repression.
Gestational diabetes rates in the US have increased among certain racial and ethnic groups between 2011 and 2019, highlighting persistent health inequities. The study found that Hispanic women had significantly higher rates of gestational diabetes compared to non-Hispanic white, black, or Asian women.
A new study by Salk scientists found that time-restricted eating (TRE) confers multiple health benefits, including reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and sepsis, regardless of age and sex. TRE may also protect against infectious diseases like COVID-19 and improve insulin resistance.
This issue of Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B features innovative research on pharmacologically targeting molecular motor for anti-cancer, novel PGAM5 inhibitor LFHP-1c protecting blood-brain barrier integrity in ischemic stroke, and a versatile tool for anchor pharmacophore steered drug discovery. Additionally, the journal publishes revie...
The National Institutes of Health has awarded $53 million in annual funding to 10 research organizations to accelerate HIV cure research. A new grant focuses on HIV cure research in infants and children, while expanding international collaborations and exploring innovative approaches such as CRISPR gene-editing technology.
Researchers found that candidates' pro-gun messages and NRA funding influence voters' evaluations, with racial resentment moderating the effects. Voters who own guns or are racially resentful were more likely to support candidates with similar views, while those low in racial resentment preferred pro-gun control candidates.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that NFL and NCAA games held with limited in-person attendance did not cause an increase in COVID-19 cases. The study suggests that measures such as strict mask use and open air helped prevent the spread of COVID-19 during these events.
Researchers identified a hub candidate network involving RNA binding protein interacting with circular RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. The study provides insights into the mechanism of HCC and potential biomarker identification.
Researchers at the University of Huddersfield have developed a new approach to combat cancer treatment challenges by creating self-assembled drugs with high specificity towards human cancer cells. The breakthrough demonstrates unprecedented anti-cancer activity and selectivity in laboratory testing.
Research from Washington University in St. Louis suggests that cannabis use disorder (CUD) may be a risk factor for poorer COVID-19 outcomes due to a genetic predisposition. CUD was found to account for up to 40% of genetically influenced risk factors, such as body mass index and diabetes, for severe COVID-19 presentations.
A research team from Okayama University has reported the potential of a berry-producing vine, Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (Yamabudo), against lung cancer in mice. The study found that extracts from Yamabudo and its chemical compounds display tumor-suppressing properties by repairing DNA damage and suppressing growth signaling pathways.