A study examining Pennsylvania death penalty cases found that victim's gender and race affected every outcome. Cases with white female, male or black male victims were more likely to receive a death sentence than those with black female victims. The study also found that prosecutors were more likely to seek the death penalty in cases w...
A new analysis found that managing large, prolific fish is crucial for improving fisheries productivity and sustainability. The study suggests that better protection of these fish can lead to a reduction in overharvesting and an increase in sustainable catches.
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered the main components driving amyloid beta-associated synapse degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. They found that blocking a toxic signaling pathway can protect synapses and preserve cognitive function, offering a potential therapeutic agent.
A preclinical study found that high-fructose diets alter villi in the small intestine, leading to increased nutrient absorption and weight gain. Fructose's primary metabolite promotes elongation of villi and supports intestinal tumor growth.
A team of engineers and physicians developed a steerable catheter that can navigate the brain's arteries and blood vessels in any direction. The device was inspired by nature and successfully tested in pigs, with potential to treat brain aneurysms and other neurological conditions.
A new study found that one in fifteen adults experienced threatening or obscene messaging from a partner, with victims at higher risk of mental health issues. Recipients were more likely to be female, younger, and socioeconomically disadvantaged. The study suggests that exposure to these messages could lead to poor health outcomes.
Experts recommend universities take five steps to minimize COVID-19 risks: on-site vaccinations, delayed re-openings, improved ventilation, effective contact tracing and mask mandates. These measures aim to protect students and staff from the Delta variant and prevent outbreaks.
A new strategy to improve viral suppression among people living with HIV in NYC has been awarded a 5-year, $3.3 million grant. The D2S intervention aims to bolster medication adherence by delivering client-level viral suppression status reports and targeted capacity-building.
A new study found that increasing mental health workforce capacity can lead to a 1.35% reduction in non-firearm suicide rates among young people aged 10-24. However, the study did not find any correlation between increased mental health services and decreased firearm suicides.
In a new study, researchers tracked the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in mice, revealing how the virus progressed from nasal passages to lungs and other organs. They also found that certain antibodies, lacking 'effector' functions, are less effective at combating infection.
A recent study investigated sex disparity in living donor liver transplant access, revealing a significant inequity between men and women. The research suggests that male donors have better access to liver transplants than female donors, highlighting the need for gender-specific solutions to address this disparity.
Researchers at Seoul National University developed a wearable artificial chameleon skin that can detect and adapt to its surroundings in real-time. The device, which combines thermochromic liquid crystal ink with vertically-stacked silver nanowires, enables high-resolution camouflage and blending into complex backgrounds.
A validated definition for iMCD-TAFRO has been established to differentiate it from other iMCD cases, enabling timely diagnosis and proper treatment. The new definition includes four clinical criteria: thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, and organomegaly.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba successfully grow a Li@C60 film on a copper surface, studying its molecular orbitals and enabling transport of electrons. The new method uses a salt with a larger, less strongly bound anion to form a stable monolayer.
A recent study published in Biosystems Engineering explores the potential of smartphone cameras to assess soil organic matter and evaluate soil fertility. The technique uses advanced image analysis and machine learning to predict SOM values rapidly and with high correlation to traditional soil analysis.
Researchers at The Rockefeller University have revealed a more nuanced historical wave pattern to the rise of transistor density in silicon chips. The study highlights six waves of improvements, each lasting about six years, with significant increases in transistor density per chip.
A University of Missouri researcher is using a grant from the National Science Foundation to explore how time can factor in a building collapse. She's conducting thousands of hours of laboratory tests to determine the breaking points of reinforced concrete building materials.
KAUST researchers have developed a multifunctional molecule, phenformin hydrochloride, to plug various atomic-scale defects in perovskite solar materials. This innovation significantly improves the longevity and electrical output of perovskite solar cells, with boosted power conversion efficiencies reaching up to 20.5%.
A study at the University of Missouri found that telehealth helped pediatric physical therapists deliver critical therapy services virtually, despite technical issues in rural areas. Access to reliable Wi-Fi was a common challenge, but caregiver engagement was reported as the biggest facilitator to successful sessions.
A new study confirms that Indigenous people managed shellfish and sea otters for thousands of years, safeguarding access to traditional foods. This challenges widely held assumptions about high numbers of sea otters in the past, affecting conservation policy and Indigenous reconciliation.
Researchers discovered that Neuropeptide F (NPF) in fruit flies controls sugar and fat metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones. The study reveals similarities between insect and mammalian metabolic processes.
Air pollution experts at the University of Surrey recommend wearing respirator masks between 3.2 to 9.5 hours for maximum effectiveness, with 97% effective in protecting against virus-laden particles. Medical and handmade masks also provide protection but with lower usage time and effectiveness.
A team led by the University of Bonn has detected a triangle singularity mimicking a new particle in CERN data. The discovery provides insights into the strong interaction and its contribution to particle mass.
An international team found the genetic basis for the seadragon's lack of teeth, leaf-like appendages and sex-determination gene. The research also showed that males care for fertilized eggs until they hatch.
A new study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that early administration of convalescent plasma did not prevent COVID-19 disease progression in high-risk patients. Despite the strategy's potential, the study suggests that it is not a viable approach to reduce illness severity.
Researchers have developed heat-controllable CAR T cells that can target and destroy cancerous tumors, while preventing relapse. The cells are engineered to produce immunomodulators under photothermal control, increasing their effectiveness against solid tumors.
A new study by University of Houston researchers suggests that maximizing sleep can offer psychological benefit to adolescents in this at-risk group. The study found that experiences of neglect in childhood were associated with mental health symptoms, but this relation was weakened in the presence of high sleep duration.
Investors who need more help from robo-advisors are less likely to adopt them. Those who do use RAs often adjust their usage in response to recent performance, leading to suboptimal outcomes. The study suggests that human-artificial intelligence synergy can be counterproductive if humans have too much control over RA usage.
Researchers at the University of Innsbruck have successfully generated a two-dimensional supersolid quantum gas, a phenomenon previously observed only in one dimension. This breakthrough enables the study of vortices forming in the hole between droplets, furthering our understanding of superfluidity and its properties.
Researchers have solved the paradox of the mysterious polarization of the sodium D1 line, revealing that magnetic fields in the solar chromosphere are not entirely unmagnetized. The solution uses complex theoretical modeling and resolves a long-standing debate in solar physics.
Researchers found that bumblebee flight performance rises rapidly from 12°C and peaks between 25-27°C, but declines beyond this. This study suggests that climate warming may benefit some northern-latitude bee species, but poses risks to southern-latitude populations due to more frequent extreme weather events.
A new study found that Baltimore County's leaky sewage infrastructure delivers tens of thousands of human doses of pharmaceuticals to the Chesapeake Bay annually, affecting aquatic life and behavior. The study estimates that nearly 1% of raw sewage flows into the environment via leaking pipes.
Researchers have discovered three new species of ancient mammals in North America, hinting at rapid evolution following the mass extinction of dinosaurs. The creatures, which include the 'Hobbit'-named Beornus honeyi, differ from earlier known mammals and suggest that mammals diversified more rapidly than previously thought.
A University of Michigan study found that substituting 10% of daily caloric intake from beef and processed meats for fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes and select seafood could reduce carbon footprint by one-third and gain 48 minutes of healthy life. The study developed an epidemiology-based nutritional index, the Health Nutritional Ind...
A study by Osaka City University reveals that urban lighting and heat delay insect hibernation, allowing insects to enter hibernation up to 3 weeks later than in rural areas. The findings suggest that increased nighttime light and heat from urban areas interfere with the natural photoperiodism of insects.
The early US COVID-19 vaccination campaign prevented nearly 140,000 deaths and 3 million cases of COVID-19. The average state saw a reduction of five fewer deaths from COVID-19 per 10,000 adult residents.
A study of 1800 Japanese citizens aged 65 found that low weight and insufficient exercise are significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Those with possible sarcopenia exhibited higher degrees of frailty despite normal Specific Health Checkup results, highlighting the need for a test to identify sarcopenia early on.
The Basque Country has significant potential for recovering and reusing industrial waste heat, with Bizkaia province showing the highest concentration. The research found that 90% of companies with waste heat temperatures above 400°C can recover their investment within five years.
Researchers investigated high schools' safety policies to protect student-athletes from heat, cardiac arrests, traumatic brain injuries and more. Thirty-eight states have adopted legislative changes improving safety for student-athletes, including West Virginia.
A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that older patients with multiple chronic conditions who read their visit notes reported better understanding their medications and taking them as prescribed. Reading notes also helped these patients feel more in control of their care.
Patients from minority ethnic groups have a disproportionately higher rate of emergency hospital admissions due to comorbidity profiles and earlier onset burdens of diseases. The study found that these disparities are not reflected in commonly used measures like survival rates.
A new study published in The European Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people of African descent are at risk of vitamin D deficiency, particularly in countries with high latitudes. To address this issue, researchers recommend increasing consumption of vitamin D-rich foods and taking supplements, especially during winter months.
The US Latino population faces systemic health inequalities, including lower health insurance coverage, higher rates of chronic diseases, and limited representation in the healthcare workforce. The authors urge uplifting Latinos to improve health and societal presence, citing COVID-19 mortality disparities and the need for culturally s...
Research suggests that people with mentally stimulating jobs have a lower risk of dementia in old age compared to those with non-stimulating jobs. Cognitive stimulation is associated with lower levels of proteins that may prevent brain cells from forming new connections.
Researchers from Skoltech and KU Leuven used machine learning to reconstruct 3D micro-CT images of fibrous materials, overcoming the difficulties faced by humans in analyzing these complex materials. The team employed GANs to fill a gap in available inpainting tools, enabling precise material analysis and simulation.
Engineers at MIT and the University of Twente study water jet impacts on droplets to inform needle-free injection systems. They developed a model predicting fluid jet behavior in human skin, aiming to minimize damage.
Researchers at The Rockefeller University shed new light on 'Moore's Law,' revealing a more nuanced historical wave pattern to the rise of transistor density in silicon chips. The study predicts that the end of the silicon chip era is near, with only one or two silicon pulses left before further advances become exponentially difficult.
Magnetomicrometry offers a new approach to controlling prosthetic limbs by measuring muscle length and speed, providing more precise control than existing methods. The technology involves inserting small magnetic beads into muscle tissue, which can be precisely measured within milliseconds.
Researchers uncover a neuro-immune process by which brain signals instruct immune function in visceral fat stores, providing new approaches for fighting obesity and related illness. The study identifies a critical mediator of neuro-immune communication, mesenchymal cells, and reveals the molecular messages exchanged across all steps.
A University of Michigan study found that package delivery robots and automation contribute less than 20% to a package's carbon footprint, while the vehicle itself is the largest contributor. The researchers suggest that switching to electric vehicles and reducing electricity intensity can have the biggest impact on sustainable parcel ...
The researcher is investigating the inflammatory responses produced by exposure to chemical agents, comparing different chemical exposures at both whole-body and tissue levels. The study aims to develop a common treatment for chemical exposures and diagnose the responsible chemicals.
Researchers find wind turbine night noise contains 'amplitude modulation' (AM) sound that worsens sleep and annoyance after sunset. The 'swoosh' sound is detected up to 60% of the night-time at distances around 1 km from a wind farm.
Researchers at the University of South Florida discovered that glassy polymers, or plastics, have a soft, rubbery layer on their surface that can be controlled. This breakthrough could lead to improved properties such as adhesion and scratch resistance in materials like automobile paint and cellphone screens.
Researchers found substantial amounts of pharmaceutical compounds in a stream in Baltimore, despite low concentrations over the course of a year. The high loads are likely coming from leaking sewer pipes, posing a significant threat to aquatic life and ecosystems.
A new UBCO study determines that wearable technology and telehealth can tailor treatment plans for Parkinson's disease by identifying peak times of symptoms. The research found positive experiences and health outcomes for patients using wearable devices in combination with telehealth appointments.
Researchers at Portland State University propose a multiple-criteria approach to ensure equitable distribution of common carrier parcel lockers at transit facilities. The study evaluates accessibility and equity metrics, including ridership, mode of transportation, and sociodemographic profiles, to identify high-potential locations for...
A new study from Boston University School of Medicine has found that a portable sleep testing device can accurately diagnose sleep apnea in stroke patients. The researchers screened over 80% of their patients for mild or severe sleep apnea and found that it was common among non-white racial and ethnic populations.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University successfully printed the first entirely active and viable glioblastoma tumor using a 3D printer. The 3D-bioprinted model includes functional blood vessels that simulate a real tumor, making it a promising tool for predicting treatment efficacy and drug development.
A multidisciplinary team reveals two structural points in the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that allow the virus to deceive the immune system. These mutations can be detected and inform strategies to control the pandemic.
Obstructive sleep apnea is common in kids and adolescents, affecting 1-6% of all children and 30-60% of obese adolescents. It can raise blood pressure and link to insulin resistance, abnormal lipids, and cardiovascular health issues. The American Heart Association calls for further studies on the topic.