Articles tagged with Basic Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists have found that plants can turn excess sunlight into heat by altering protein structure, preventing damage and promoting growth. A special carotenoid molecule called zeaxanthin aids in this process, making some plants more resistant to harmful radiation.
NeuroRx will be published quarterly by Elsevier and focuses on therapy of neurological disorders, providing a multidisciplinary perspective. Scheduled topics include Neuropsychiatry, Pediatric Neurotherapeutics, and Proteomics, Genomics, Metabolomics.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have developed a new polymer membrane that may facilitate hydrogen separation, purification, and transport at high temperatures. The team will test the membranes for use in fuel cell systems to address global energy security concerns.
Florida State University research physicist Edmund G. Myers is using a state-of-the-art Penning trap to measure the precise difference in mass of tritium and helium-3 atoms, which will help pin down the mass of the electron neutrino.
The U.S. National Science Foundation has deployed small unmanned aircraft, including a fixed-wing plane and a miniature helicopter, to assist in the search and rescue efforts during hurricanes. These vehicles provided valuable information to emergency responders, helping them focus their efforts and avoid hazards.
Researchers discovered that quantum coherence in qubits spontaneously disappears, even without external influences. This process is linked to quantum mechanical spontaneous symmetry breaking, which could limit the development of quantum computers.
Brown University has been awarded a four-year, $11.5-million grant to conduct research on hazardous waste and develop tools to remove it. The project aims to identify health threats posed by contaminated sites and create safe remediation devices.
Asian countries are closing the gap with the US in research and development, driven by increased talent pool, R&D spending, and patent growth. The number of researchers in Asia has grown rapidly, while US doctoral degrees have decreased, leading to a decline in US scientific capability.
Dr. Curtis has received the Basic Research in Periodontal Disease Award for his outstanding contributions to understanding bacterial protease function and glycosylation of bacterial virulence determinants. The award recognizes his work in developing novel antimicrobial strategies against periodontal pathogens.
Dr. Kato's research focuses on practical clinical issues affecting the general public, including tooth-grinding which can cause sensitivity and pain. He is one of 15 recipients to receive the IADR Young Investigator Award annually, recognized for his basic research in dental disciplines.
Dr. MacDougall receives the IADR Basic Research in Biological Mineralization Award for her groundbreaking research on tooth formation and tissue-specific gene regulation. Her work has been funded continuously since 1985 by the NIH/NIDCR.
Dr. Du's research reveals that Bruce regulates p53 and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, increasing cells' sensitivity to cell death. The findings have implications for treating certain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.
A new system uses fuzzy logic to automatically detect room acoustics and speaker placement, providing each listener with their own personalized
The NSF-funded research centers will investigate decision-making strategies for addressing climate uncertainty, including water management and policy implications. The projects will integrate psychological insights with social sciences to develop tools for better understanding the impacts of climate change.
The ACS Petroleum Research Fund has distributed over $420 million in grants, supporting groundbreaking research in areas like drug development, catalysis, and oil exploration. The fund's impact is evident in the careers of 19 Nobel laureates and thousands of students who have benefited from its support.
A petition from 52 leading European scientific organisations calls for the acceleration of establishing a European Research Council (ERC). The petition stresses the importance of involving the European scientific community and adhering to strict criteria of scientific excellence.
The US Department of Energy has funded two Fusion Science Centers, one at the University of Maryland/UCLA and the other at the University of Rochester. The centers will focus on fundamental issues in fusion plasma science and provide education and training for researchers and students.
A new percolation model allows researchers to study cell signaling and track the movement of single atoms in complex pathways. This breakthrough enables fundamental chemical reactions to be observed at the molecular level in living cells.
Researchers at Yale University confirm the formation of dodecahedral water cages but find no evidence of the Eigen species. The study uses experimental techniques and supercomputers to determine how water molecules interconnect to form these cages, which play a crucial role in biological processes.
Dr. Yoshiro Takano has been recognized for his contributions to biological mineralization, including work on calcium transport in the enamel organ.
Dr. Soskolne has made significant contributions to scientific literature in the fields of oral pathology, bone physiology, and the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. He developed an organ-culture model for studying bone remodeling, which has been used extensively to study bone physiology.
The DOE's Office of Science has developed a strategic plan outlining seven short-term priorities and seven long-term goals in various scientific disciplines. The plan aims to track progress over the next 20 years and ensure US leadership in science, energy, and environment.
Rising star in chemistry, Jianpeng Ma, has made significant breakthroughs in understanding the structure-function relationship of biological molecules. His innovative approach uses computer simulation to explore this connection, paving the way for furthering our fundamental understanding of chemistry.
Studies using frogs with both rod and cone pigments found identical responses to light, suggesting cellular environments, not pigments, determine functional differences. The findings imply that rods' and cones' sensitivity variations may be due to inherent characteristics of their surroundings rather than pigment properties.
Dr. Parada, a renowned researcher, receives the American Cancer Society's Research Professorship award for his work on brain cancers and nerve growth. The five-year award provides flexible funding to enhance visibility of cancer research at UT Southwestern.
The PNNL proteomics resource center will utilize automated ultra-high resolution mass spectrometers to study proteins in even a single cell, shedding light on cellular function and disease progression. The center aims to develop new biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis and treatment.
The new center will conduct basic nuclear science research and partner with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to acquire specific data for the DOE's scientific and engineering effort to maintain the nation's nuclear weapons. The partnership aims to engage faculty, postdoctoral researchers, and students in nuclear science research.
A new series of special reports on 'Living on Earth' will follow cutting-edge research on environmental topics, including a 20-year study on the effects of lead on human development in Cincinnati. The study has found an association between childhood exposure to lead paint and patterns of delinquency and crime among adolescents.
Researchers at the Roybal Centers for Applied Gerontology have been working on translating theory and basic research into practical outcomes for older adults. They emphasize the importance of field research, assessing Useful Field of Vision, and collaboration between researchers and clinicians to address the needs of underrepresented p...
A team of scientists led by Veronica Vaida investigated how visible light breaks down sulfuric acid molecules, revealing a new mechanism for the formation of the Junge layer. This discovery allows researchers to predict sulfate layer formation and model chemical properties of the Earth's atmosphere.
The biogerontological community is at war with anti-aging medicine, threatening the status and funding of their own research. Binstock argues that this campaign may inadvertently undermine their own legitimacy and research support by blurring public understanding of the difference between their work and pseudoscientific products.
The project focuses on fundamental breakthroughs in nanostructured macromolecular materials, with potential applications in military uniforms, miniaturized machines, displays, sensors, and actuators. Branched macromolecules will be studied to provide information for the development of high-tech surfaces and structures.
Lonnie G. Thompson, a leading researcher in ice core analysis, will receive the $150,000 Heineken award for his pioneering work on climate change. His research has provided critical insights into the effects of human activity on the Earth's climate.
The AAAS Report XXVII: Research and Development FY 2003 provides a definitive guide to the President's R&D budget proposals. The report shows a record increase in federal R&D funding to $112 billion, driven by increases in defense and health sectors. Non-defense R&D would decrease slightly, while basic research would see a 7.9% growth.
Researchers discovered that autistic individuals have smaller minicolumns but more of them, leading to excessive communication and stimulation. This pathology may hold the key to understanding autism and other conditions like schizophrenia.
A survey of intensive care units found that many strategies to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were not being used, including support stockings and low molecular weight heparin. Physicians need more education on latest techniques to reduce DVT incidence, and fundamental research is needed to understand the condition.
The National Science Foundation has awarded $156 million to 229 information technology research projects across the US. These large-scale projects will focus on developing software and IT services that support scientists and engineers in making groundbreaking discoveries.
A new paper predicts that silicon semiconductors can continue miniaturization for at least two decades, driven by clever engineering and nanotechnology innovations. The researchers identify the fundamental limits governing future miniaturization, including energy requirements and material constraints.
Researchers found that college students reading the New York Times online were less likely to read national, international, and political news compared to their paper-reading counterparts. This resulted in significant differences in readers' knowledge about public affairs.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have identified an imprinted gene called PEG3 on human chromosome 19, which is linked to ovarian cancer and gliomas. This discovery sheds new light on the role of imprinting in human disease and has implications for our understanding of autism.
A team of U.S. and European astronomers detect X-rays from the farthest known quasar, SDSSp J1044-0125, with a redshift of 5.8, revealing the universe's earliest objects. The quasar's low X-ray emission suggests it may be a 'precursor quasar' or have strong accretion processes.
Brown's Materials Research Science and Engineering Center will continue to perform fundamental research in mechanics of materials, exploring nanoscale electronics and complex microstructures. The grant also supports educational outreach programs, including summer research experiences for minority university students.
Rutgers researchers have received significant funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to study plant genomes. Dr. Eric Lam will lead a project focused on charting chromosome sequences in Arabidopsis, while Dr. Joachim Messing will investigate maize endosperm development and gene function.
Researchers have developed a chemically switchable approach to study kinases, crucial for signal transmission in all cells. The technique allows precise experiments to determine the specific function of hundreds of kinases without disrupting overall cell function.
A Brown University research team is creating innovative visualization tools to help scientists better analyze and understand complex data. The project combines techniques from painting, sculpture, and graphic design with perceptual psychology to provide more effective pictures of huge amounts of data.
Researchers aim to design technology that allows users to create profiles of their information interests, enabling customized information services and efficient data recharging on portable devices. The team plans to develop a profiling language and middleware techniques to track users' online needs.
The Stanford researchers received $2,200,000 to transform the World Wide Web into a Global InfoBase, creating a universal information model and query language. Additionally, they aim to personalize information management and analyze semantics to reveal new knowledge.
University of Colorado at Boulder researchers will study the effects of spaceflight on neural development in fruit flies and investigate gene expression in kidney cells. The experiments, sponsored by NASA and the National Institutes of Health, aim to understand nerve growth and development, as well as tissue engineering applications.
A new study reveals extraverts are more sensitive to rewards in social situations, which drives their sociability. This finding has been replicated across 39 countries and challenges the notion that sociability is a core feature of extraversion.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital used fMRI scans to study how the brain processes facial expressions from different racial groups. The results showed differences in amygdala response, suggesting people may become more familiar with their own racial group's faces.
Scientists at Georgia Institute of Technology have successfully created nanojets, tiny devices that could revolutionize electronics and gene delivery. The jets achieved a high velocity of up to 400 meters per second and formed droplets with remarkably uniform size.
Chemist Albert Padwa receives Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award for developing fundamental techniques to streamline drug synthesis. He aims to make potential drugs with elegance, high efficiency, and minimal steps.
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) has awarded $15 million in grants to 45 scientists worldwide to develop new approaches for treating various infectious and parasitic diseases. The selected researchers will focus on specific diseases or study underlying biological processes to control or cure these conditions.
Researchers developed an algorithm to calculate protein association rates and increase affinity by genetically determining protein design. The new system may lead to diverse medicinal applications, including antibody detection.
Researchers discovered a simple geometric explanation for protein spiral shapes, which could aid in understanding protein functions and structures. The finding uses mathematical ideas to optimize protein shape for maximum 'thickness,' leading to the natural occurrence of helical motifs in proteins.
The National Computing Facility for Lattice Gauge Theory (NCFLGT) will equip the University with a system capable of 144 billion calculations per second, advancing understanding of the fundamental forces of nature. This facility aims to make internationally significant advances in the understanding of the fundamental forces of nature.
Philip Benfey has identified a gene that governs how plant cells proliferate and organize to form root systems. The research, published in Cell, has implications for both biology and bioengineering, including improving crop tolerance to salinity and fertilizer reliance.
Researchers have identified a new protein synthesis mechanism at synapses that regulates synaptic strength, leading to long-term memory storage. The study reveals that experience or activity in the mammalian brain can modify individual synapses on an individual basis.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have designed and constructed a small robotic 'bug' that can scuttle more than half a mile on a single battery charge. The robot, which is about three inches long and weighs two ounces, uses an unusual material called piezoelectric ceramic to achieve its motion.
Researchers create an online library of electronic books using a specialized search tool called WebBook. The tool helps organize information in a database-driven format, making it easier for users to find specific answers.