Researchers found that artificial breeding created extreme wing shape and size relationships in fruit flies, but natural selection corrected these changes within just 15 generations. This study suggests that evolution is constrained by fundamental biological processes, such as developmental links between traits.
Researchers used DNA to reconstruct past events that brought European populations together, shedding light on the lives of 'regular people.' The study found evidence of multiple migrations, including from Central Asia to Europe and from West Africa to the Mediterranean.
Professor Nick Enfield and his colleagues found evidence of a universal trait in human conversation, with the word 'Huh' appearing in 31 languages. They also discovered that people stop for clarification once every 90 seconds, regardless of language.
A University of Oregon study suggests that charity logos on food products can trigger quick perceptions about an item's healthiness. The research found that consumers associate certain cause logos with healthier options, even if the partnership is not intended to endorse the product's healthiness.
Professor Thomas Jentsch's discovery of the Torpedo chloride channel in 1990 marked a breakthrough in understanding ion transport processes. He identified nine different CLC chloride channels and transporters, which are essential for human function and contribute to various genetic diseases.
The University of Warwick will receive £115,000 in funding to involve the public in research. This project aims to embed public engagement in research culture, enhancing research quality and societal significance.
Researchers from Italy have devised a novel method to convert low-frequency signals into higher frequencies using Nobel Prize-winning Josephson junctions. The approach produces voltage pulses containing hundreds of harmonics, enabling the creation of smaller and more efficient signal generators.
Researchers at INRS have developed an optical chip that can generate cross-polarized photon pairs, paving the way for more efficient and low-cost telecommunication networks. This breakthrough technology has the potential to revolutionize optical communication and applications such as signal processing and spectroscopy.
Scientists have successfully altered the state of matter of metallic osmium under extreme pressure conditions. The research uses ultra-high pressures to interact with core electrons in osmium, leading to anomalies in its compression behavior. This breakthrough could lead to new materials with unique properties.
Researchers at Kobe University identified novel chemosensory proteins in ant antennae, revealing cooperative modes of operation and recognition of individual information. These findings provide a starting point for elucidating the molecular mechanisms supporting complex ant societies.
A team of researchers from Kobe University has developed a novel method to quantify the proportion of native and non-native genotypes in aquatic species. By analyzing environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples, they were able to detect the presence of invasive non-native strains in rivers and reservoirs of western Japan.
New insights into Mercury's movements and interactions with the solar system reveal its unique composition. Researchers reevaluate New Zealand's Alpine Fault after seismic data showed it becomes flatter at depth, providing new information for geological studies.
The study concludes that high-density cities with large parks or nature reserves yield the most benefits, but smaller parks and gardens also play a positive role. Compact developments incorporating large green spaces are essential for delivering ecosystem services.
Researchers will use digital methods to repopulate an ancient country called Doggerland, monitoring its development over 5,000 years. This project aims to reveal crucial information about early human life in Europe and develop new technologies for exploring lost landscapes.
A team of scientists from North Carolina State University and the University of Alberta compared Jurassic and Cretaceous ankylosaur specimens to determine how their tails evolved. They found that the tail stiffened before the growth of the osteoderm knob, with handle-like vertebrae appearing in early ankylosaurs.
Mary Naylor, a renowned gerontological nurse researcher, has been awarded the 2015 Doris Schwartz Gerontological Nursing Research Award by GSA. Her Transitional Care Model has been clinically proven to reduce hospital re-admissions and produce substantial savings.
Scientists from Hiroshima University have observed an unusual dispersion of the acoustic mode in liquid Bi using inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS). The results resolve previous disagreements and suggest a possible mechanism involving a long-range interatomic force, which is related to local structures.
Smiling Brazil launched in 2004 and incorporated oral health into the public healthcare system, adopting an integral care approach. The policy has shown positive results in oral health epidemiological indicators, financial investment, and professional development.
The £5.4 million grant will support a multidisciplinary team at the University of Nottingham to develop bespoke materials for specific applications in targeted drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and advanced medical devices.
A £6.65 million grant will support a programme at the University of Liverpool and University College London to design and test new materials at the atomic level. The project aims to address challenges in sustainable energy production, battery technologies, and solar energy efficiency.
A team of scientists has discovered how a plant sensor detects pathogens, bringing unprecedented detail to the 'gene-for-gene' hypothesis. The study reveals that the strength of binding between the sensor and pathogen proteins correlates with the plant's response, opening up new strategies for engineering enhanced resistance.
Actin filaments exhibit complex behaviors, including self-organization and active motion. New research reveals that molecular motors play a crucial role in forming strong bends and enabling collective motions.
A study by University of Toronto researchers found that high levels of emotional exhaustion due to workplace anxiety can directly impact job performance. The quality of relationships between employees, supervisors, and co-workers plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of workplace anxiety.
Researchers have found a biological basis for the long-held belief that eating tomatoes can cause gout flares. Tomato consumption is linked to higher levels of uric acid in the blood, comparable to other commonly accepted gout trigger foods.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich discovered that brassinosteroids are necessary for the production of gibberellins, a hormone that regulates cell elongation and division in plants. This finding has important implications for crop breeding and plant growth.
Researchers found that community conversations, educational support, conditional economic incentives, and combined approaches can significantly delay child marriage. In Ethiopia, offering education to girls aged 12-14 reduced marriage likelihood by 94%, while providing chickens resulted in a 50% reduction for those aged 15-17.
Recent studies published by the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) highlight the significant link between sugar intake and dental caries. The findings emphasize that even low sugars intakes can contribute to the development of caries, underscoring the need for effective health policies.
The BMJ will publish the Journal of Investigative Medicine (JIM), owned by the American Federation for Medical Research, starting in January 2016. JIM adds to the BMJ's portfolio of world-leading medical journals, covering the latest scientific developments in all medical research specialties.
The UK government's current alcohol guidelines are largely disregarded as they lack relevance to drinkers' habits. Participants preferred separate advice for regular and single occasion drinking, citing lifestyle and responsibilities over health concerns.
Researchers at University of Cambridge found earliest example of reproduction in rangeomorphs, a type of ancient organism. They replicated their distribution using spatial statistics and modeling, finding dual mode of reproduction involving waterborne propagules and stolons.
A new RAND analysis reveals that enrolling in a health insurance plan is only the first step for consumers to be actively engaged in their healthcare. The study found that low health literacy and limited access to primary care physicians are significant barriers to consumer engagement. To overcome these challenges, a collaborative and ...
A new workshop report from the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) identifies key barriers to complex data integration and offers recommendations for the research community. The report highlights impediments, technical problems, and crosscutting issues related to integrating data.
Hereditary angioedema type III is caused by a mutated blood protein factor XII that leads to excessive bradykinin production and vessel leakage. Researchers have identified a natural inhibitor that can block the mutated protein, providing hope for a new treatment.
A new bioinformatics approach has been developed to identify associations between molecules from vast data sources, resulting in more accurate results than current methods. This technique improves the detection of genes related to lipid metabolism by 15% on a mouse nutritional study.
Scientists have discovered that light can be stored and trap particles of light called phonon polaritons behave in unique ways. The light's movement isn't random but follows fixed angles with respect to the atomic structure, leading to interesting resonances.
Researchers found that bone marrow-derived cells can develop into fat cells, with BMI playing a significant role. The study suggests potential new therapies for metabolic diseases and obesity-related conditions.
Researchers from the UPV/EHU's Biophysics Unit have published a study in Nature that reveals the molecular architecture of cell fission processes. The study found evidence of an intermediate structure during membrane splitting, which may be a common feature in all fusion and fission processes.
A new laser sensor can continuously monitor blood glucose levels without penetrating the skin, offering a pain-free alternative to traditional methods. The technology has potential to improve the lives of millions by enabling constant monitoring and self-regulation.
The UK government has invested £23 million in six new multidisciplinary research centers to drive forward digital economy research, knowledge and skills. The centers will focus on various areas such as motion capture technologies, personalized products, digital creativity, and cybersecurity.
High-fat feeding, especially saturated fats, can cause impairments in critical motivation brain pathways, according to a new study published in Neuropsychopharmacology. The research found that rats fed with palm oil had blunted dopamine function, leading the brain to compensate by heightening reward-seeking behavior.
A team of researchers developed an artificial model system to study quantum effects in light harvesting, revealing a delicate interplay between molecular vibrations and electrons. The resulting theoretical model explains experiments perfectly, shedding light on the physical mechanisms necessary for energy-efficient photovoltaic cells.
Researchers have developed black arsenic phosphorus as an alternative to graphene for electronic devices. The new material exhibits an extremely small band gap and can be precisely controlled by adjusting the arsenic concentration, making it suitable for sensors and other applications.
A new species, Wendiceratops pinhornensis, discovered in Alberta, Canada, reveals hook-like horns and a prominent nasal horn, shedding light on nose horn evolution in the Triceratops family. The findings add to growing research suggesting high diversity of ceratopsids associated with rapid evolutionary radiation.
Researchers at McGill University and Université de Montréal report that black phosphorus can help overcome the challenge of designing energy-efficient transistors. The material's two-dimensional properties allow electrons to move in only two dimensions, making it a promising candidate for future electronics.
New research suggests that rubber expansion is environmentally unsustainable, causing widespread deforestation, loss of carbon stocks, and reduction in biodiversity. Smallholder farmers' livelihoods are also at risk due to price fluctuations and narrowing income sources.
A study at Umea University has successfully captured a protein structure previously impossible to study, providing insights into enzymes' catalytic capabilities. The discovery enables the development of designed enzymes for new chemical reactions in biotechnology.
A study from the University of Texas at Dallas found that sharing knowledge positively impacts innovation in retail. Employees had the highest levels of innovative behavior when flows were high and balanced, suggesting a give-and-take process is ideal.
Researchers used atom probe tomography to create the first 3-D atomic map of an industrially relevant zeolite material, revealing clues to extending catalyst life. The study found that steaming causes aluminum atoms to cluster, shutting down the catalytic factory and affecting its efficiency.
A single-celled marine plankton has evolved a tiny eye-like structure that resembles the complex eyes of humans and other animals. The ocellloid contains sub-cellular organelles similar to those found in multicellular eyes, potentially aiding prey detection through light shift detection.
Earl L. Smith III, OD, was inducted into the National Optometry Hall of Fame for his long-lasting impact on the optometric profession through his academic and administrative work at UH College of Optometry. He has made significant contributions to vision science research and education.
A systematic review of 65 studies in 34 countries identifies 7 areas of mistreatment and abuse during childbirth, including physical, sexual, and verbal abuse. The authors call for improved access to privacy, resources, and trained staff to reduce morbidity and mortality.
A research team led by Professor Ronnie N. Glud will investigate how life exists at extreme depths and its impact on the global carbon cycle. The team will use underwater robots to collect samples and measure microbial activity in three deep-sea trenches.
The International Association for Dental Research published a case report on the first application of 3D printed scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering in humans. A review also discussed various 3D bioprinting methods, biomaterials, and their potential applications.
A tiny tooth plate fossil, dated to over 40 years of neglect, has revealed new insights into the earliest origins of teeth in vertebrates. The study's findings suggest that teeth evolved from body scales in primitive fishes, pushing back their origin on the evolutionary tree.
A new study published in the British Journal of Psychology found that people tend to choose poorly matching passport photos, leading to lower accuracy in face recognition. Strangers were surprisingly more reliable at judging likeness than individuals themselves, with self-selected images being matched seven per cent less accurately.
A new University of Maryland study has found that online crowdsourced ratings of doctors are representative of a broad spectrum of the patient population, contrary to concerns about 'heckler's veto'. The study suggests that patients who leave poor reviews tend to have less access to the internet or be less familiar with online reviews.
A study of children with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts and their relatives found that affected families do not have a significantly higher genetic risk for dental anomalies. Instead, the prevalence of dental anomalies is primarily due to physical consequences of the cleft and surgical interventions.
Researchers discover that different shapes of alpha-synuclein aggregates cause distinct neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Multiple System Atrophy. The study suggests new possibilities for treating brain diseases with a drug that counteracts aggregate development.
Researchers at Concordia University found that 18-month-old toddlers can distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate emotional responses, demonstrating an understanding of stoicism and the importance of emotional expressions in building trust. Toddlers showed greater empathy towards individuals who expressed sadness after a negat...
A research group at Disney Research Pittsburgh developed a computer vision system that continuously improves its ability to recognize objects by picking up hints from videos. The system outperformed other methods in detecting various objects, including microwave ovens and stoves.