Articles tagged with Adults
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Cognitive tests show ravens develop quickly, with skills similar to those of orang-utans and chimpanzees by four months. Ravens excel in tasks requiring addition and relative numbers but struggle with spatial memory.
Research suggests that children are less likely to experience severe COVID-19 due to a stronger innate immune response and trained immunity, as well as better blood vessel health. Vitamin D levels also play a crucial role in protecting against the disease.
A 12-year longitudinal study found that young people who develop higher levels of conscientiousness and emotional stability tend to be more successful in their early careers. The study's findings suggest that personality growth can have real-world benefits for career outcomes.
An international study found a genetic variant reducing leptin production increases obesity risk in young children of African ancestry. In contrast, adults with the same variant are not at higher risk, suggesting leptin plays a critical role in early weight regulation.
A study found that pediatric CT use for abdominal pain decreased from 1.2% to 0.6% between 1997 and 2016, while adult CT use increased from 3.9% to 37.8% during the same period., Children evaluated in pediatric EDs were at lower odds of receiving CT than those in general EDs for abdominal pain with appendicitis diagnosis.
A new University of Colorado Boulder research suggests that parental restrictions on technology use have little impact on technology use in young adulthood. Despite concerns about widespread 'tech addiction,' the study found no strong relationship between early technology use and later technology use.
The new ATS clinical practice guideline provides comprehensive guidance on long-term and ambulatory oxygen therapy for adults with COPD and ILD. The guideline recommends LTOT for severe chronic resting room air hypoxemia in both COPD and ILD patients, and suggests ambulatory oxygen for moderate exertional room air hypoxemia in COPD pat...
Researchers found that early-life air pollution and smoking increase risk of chronic bronchitis and irreversible airflow limitation. Early life events are key to maintaining lung health in adulthood, highlighting the importance of early prevention.
Research shows that adult global longitudinal strain declines significantly with increased exposure to secondhand smoke in childhood. The study found a link between childhood smoking exposure and decreased heart function in adulthood, highlighting the importance of protecting children from passive smoking.
Children and adults produce different types and amounts of antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with children clearing the virus more efficiently. The study found that children produced fewer neutralizing antibodies against the virus's spike protein compared to adults.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found that positive student-teacher relationships have a significant link to improved physical and mental health in adulthood. However, the researchers did not find the same correlation between peer relationships and adult health.
A recent study found that young Finnish athletes experience higher rates of menstrual dysfunction compared to non-athletes. However, athletes reported lower levels of body weight dissatisfaction. The study suggests that low energy availability may contribute to menstrual dysfunction in young athletes.
A recent study published by the American Heart Association found that nearly 30% of young adults in the US do not know all five common stroke symptoms. Young adults with lower education levels are more likely to be unaware of these symptoms, highlighting a need for targeted public health initiatives.
A study found that prenatal and early-life exposure to the Great Chinese Famine significantly increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in adulthood across two generations. Over 12,000 active PTB cases were attributed to famine exposure between 2005 and 2018 in Sichuan Province.
New UBC research reveals a need for improved training to address identity development issues in young people with psychosis. A survey of over 300 clinicians found that only half felt confident in addressing identity-related concerns, highlighting a gap in care.
A new IU study found that low-level developmental lead exposure in mice may increase the propensity to relapse to alcohol consumption, making it harder for individuals to refrain from turning back to alcohol. The research also highlights the potential harm of even low levels of lead exposure and its association with cognitive impairments.
A new article offers practical guidance on avoiding ableist language in autism research, which can lead to stigmatization and exclusion of autistic individuals. The authors aim to reduce misunderstanding and improve communication by providing researchers with tools to use more inclusive language.
A recent survey by Research!America reveals broad bipartisan support for a stronger focus on science, with 88% of Americans believing science benefits them. The survey also shows that Americans are willing to pay more taxes to support scientific research and that basic scientific research should be supported by the federal government.
Researchers found that babies as young as 10-20 months old exhibit a phenomenon where they prefer the unchosen option, indicating an unconscious bias. This bias disappears when the element of choice is removed, suggesting it may be linked to how adults make decisions.
Researchers at NTNU found that handwriting creates more activity in the brain's sensorimotor parts, leading to better learning and memory. The study suggests that children should receive minimum handwriting training to develop their cognitive skills.
A large-scale study of over half a million people in India reveals that only 8% of infected individuals account for 60% of new COVID-19 cases. Children and young adults play a crucial role in transmitting the virus, especially within households.
A new study by the RAND Corporation found that American adults have increased their alcohol consumption significantly during the pandemic, with women experiencing a 41% rise in heavy drinking episodes. The overall frequency of alcohol consumption also rose among all adults aged 30 and above.
A new study finds that midlife women who endured childhood or adult trauma are more likely to suffer from persistently poor-quality sleep. The study involved 166 women aged 40-60 and used actigraphy to measure sleep patterns over five years.
A systematic review and meta-analysis compared the susceptibility to and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among children and adolescents. The study highlights differences in susceptibility between age groups, with varying levels of protection against severe illness.
The percentage of children and adults consuming high amounts of sugary beverages decreased significantly between 2003 and 2016. Notably, certain subgroups, including older adults and non-Mexican Hispanic adults, showed little to no improvement in their consumption habits.
A new study found that early-onset type 2 diabetes is significantly more common among South Asian and African-Caribbean individuals than white individuals in the UK. The prevalence of T2D varies by ethnicity, with SA and AC groups having a higher proportion of early-onset cases.
A new study suggests that people with surgically repaired ventricular septal defects have worse functional exercise capacity than those without the defect, and this difference worsens with age. The findings highlight the importance of follow-up care and exercise testing for adults with congenital heart disease.
A new study found that children exhibit higher levels of two immune system molecules, IL-17A and INF-?, which contribute to their better COVID-19 outcomes. This robust innate immune response may protect children from progressing to severe pulmonary disease.
Pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 exhibit altered immune responses, limited antibody production, and improved outcomes. Children generally experience milder symptoms and lower mortality rates than adults, potentially linked to differences in innate immunity.
Research published in BMJ Open found that 13-year-olds with lower peer group status were at a significantly higher risk of developing circulatory system disease in adulthood. Those who were marginalised had a 33-34% increased risk, while girls who were less popular had a graded association with higher risk.
A case-control study in Milan, Italy, found a significantly higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized children than adults, who were admitted for noninfectious reasons. This suggests that children may be more likely to carry the virus asymptomatically.
Between 1999-2000 and 2017-2018, US adults with high blood pressure showed varying improvements in blood pressure control across age groups, racial backgrounds, insurance types, and access to healthcare. Overall, the study found that blood pressure control declined over time
A case series of 3,222 young US adults (18-34 years) hospitalized with COVID-19 reveals insights into the disease's impact on this demographic. The study highlights the importance of understanding COVID-19 in young adults to inform public health strategies and treatment guidelines.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers found that children's brains use both hemispheres to process language, whereas adults typically rely on one hemisphere. This discovery suggests that children's brains are more adaptable and resilient, allowing them to recover from neural injuries more effectively.
In a study of spoken language comprehension in 39 children aged 4-13, researchers found that the brain's right hemisphere was active early in life and contributed to language development. The results suggest an alternate route for language processing upon brain injury in young children.
A nationwide study found that consuming even half a standard drink per day increases the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The risk rises with alcohol intake, with men and women experiencing higher odds of obesity and metabolic syndrome when drinking more than half a standard drink per day.
A new study found that bilingual children and adolescents had less shrinkage in grey matter compared to monolingual peers during brain development. This suggests that bilingualism may have long-term cognitive benefits. The study also revealed increased white matter, indicating more efficient brain communication.
New research found that pasta consumption in both children and adults is associated with a better diet quality and better nutrient intakes. Pasta-eaters showed a beneficial weight-related outcome, particularly in adult females, with reduced waist circumference, body weight, and body mass index.
A new study by University of Copenhagen researchers found that childhood adversity increases the risk of premature death in early adulthood. The most vulnerable children experienced a mortality rate 4.5 times higher due to increased risks of suicide, accidents, and cancer.
Research using UK Biobank data found that people who experienced childhood maltreatment were five times more likely to have four or more long-term health conditions. The study also linked childhood maltreatment to increased social isolation and poor self-rated health in adulthood.
A new study reveals that children with ADHD symptoms persisting into adulthood are more likely to be involved in car crashes. Adults with continuing ADHD symptoms had the highest rate of car crash involvement compared to those without a history of ADHD.
In a study published in Developmental Science, researchers found that young children systematically explore options to gather information, even when rewards are available. The children's approach is driven by a desire to understand the world, rather than seeking immediate rewards.
A meta-study of 92 studies found that secondary school students outperform their peers in traditional classes when using digital tools. The tools' effectiveness increases when used with paper-based materials and accompanied by teachers. Intelligent tutor systems and professionally trained teachers are particularly effective.
A new analysis reveals that education has a positive impact on cognitive function in early and middle adulthood, but does not prevent age-related cognitive declines. Individuals with more years of schooling tend to have higher levels of cognitive function until later in life.
Research on wild baboons reveals that early childhood experiences, such as famine or abuse, have a lasting impact on adult stress responses, regardless of social support. The study found that dysregulated stress hormones remain unaffected by healthy, supportive relationships in adulthood.
Researchers found that early adversity in wild female baboons elevated glucocorticoid levels by up to 14% in adulthood. The study suggests that early experiences of adversity and social relationships have independent effects on adult stress responses.
Research found that children and adolescents need 40% more sucrose in a solution to detect the taste of sugar, with higher taste-detection thresholds and preferred sweeter levels. These age-related differences may result from distinct developmental trajectories with different underlying mechanisms.
Researchers found that severe COVID-19 is associated with endotheliitis and microangiopathy, leading to a multisystem inflammatory syndrome similar to Kawasaki disease. Additionally, obesity in adults under 65 years old increases the risk of intubation or death from COVID-19, but not for those over 65.
A study has identified genetic variants that may contribute to the development of chronic immune and inflammatory diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, in early childhood. The research found thousands of genetic variants driving gene expression across different conditions.
Dolphins under age 10 form close bonds with peers to develop essential skills and social savvy, reflecting future reproductive strategies. Males and females have distinct social behaviors, with males prioritizing friendly interactions and females focusing on foraging and preparing for motherhood.
A recent study by Case Western Reserve University reveals a correlation between states' voting patterns in the 2016 presidential election and decreases in health insurance coverage. States classified as 'red' had the highest uninsured rates, while 'blue' states saw a decrease of over 7.6 million uninsured adults.
This observational study found significant differences in health outcomes between high- and low-income middle-aged adults in the US and England. The results highlight persistent socioeconomic disparities in health, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address these gaps.
A new study by Yale University researchers found that a nurse-delivered strategy to prevent falls among older adults reduced the rate of first adjudicated serious fall injury by nearly 10%. The approach also produced significant reductions in self-reported injuries, highlighting its potential in reducing fall-related harm.
A new study published in Pediatrics concludes that children infrequently transmit Covid-19 to each other or adults. With appropriate social distancing measures and community transmission rates considered, many schools can safely reopen in the fall.
A recent study found that breast feeding during infancy reduces lower limb fracture risk, while maternal smoking increases upper limb fracture risk in young adulthood. Exposures during fetal development and early life have lasting effects on bone health.
Researchers tracked eye movements of children aged 5, 8 and 10, and adults, finding they looked longer at faces congruent with heard voices. The study suggests a spontaneous amodal coding of emotions, enabling children to make connections between vocal emotion and facial expression from age 8.
A nationally representative US adult sample found that low to moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a slower rate of age-related decline in cognitive function. The study's results suggest that moderate drinking may have protective effects against cognitive decline in older adulthood.
The study found that female neutrophils have enhanced proinflammatory genes and responses to inflammatory stimuli compared to male neutrophils. Sex hormones may drive these differences, with males exhibiting increased mitochondrial metabolism in their neutrophils.
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that even minor heart defects can lead to chronic diseases, such as arrhythmia and heart failure, in adulthood. Adults who underwent congenital heart surgery during childhood are more likely to experience lower levels of education and employment rates.
A new study by Brandi Woodell and Philip Schwadel found that emerging adults with same-sex attraction are twice as likely to disaffiliate from organized religion than their heterosexual peers. However, there was little change in prayer among the groups.