Articles tagged with Adults
A new study suggests that people with surgically repaired ventricular septal defects have worse functional exercise capacity than those without the defect, and this difference worsens with age. The findings highlight the importance of follow-up care and exercise testing for adults with congenital heart disease.
A new study found that children exhibit higher levels of two immune system molecules, IL-17A and INF-?, which contribute to their better COVID-19 outcomes. This robust innate immune response may protect children from progressing to severe pulmonary disease.
Pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 exhibit altered immune responses, limited antibody production, and improved outcomes. Children generally experience milder symptoms and lower mortality rates than adults, potentially linked to differences in innate immunity.
Research published in BMJ Open found that 13-year-olds with lower peer group status were at a significantly higher risk of developing circulatory system disease in adulthood. Those who were marginalised had a 33-34% increased risk, while girls who were less popular had a graded association with higher risk.
A case-control study in Milan, Italy, found a significantly higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalized children than adults, who were admitted for noninfectious reasons. This suggests that children may be more likely to carry the virus asymptomatically.
Between 1999-2000 and 2017-2018, US adults with high blood pressure showed varying improvements in blood pressure control across age groups, racial backgrounds, insurance types, and access to healthcare. Overall, the study found that blood pressure control declined over time
A case series of 3,222 young US adults (18-34 years) hospitalized with COVID-19 reveals insights into the disease's impact on this demographic. The study highlights the importance of understanding COVID-19 in young adults to inform public health strategies and treatment guidelines.
In a study of spoken language comprehension in 39 children aged 4-13, researchers found that the brain's right hemisphere was active early in life and contributed to language development. The results suggest an alternate route for language processing upon brain injury in young children.
In a groundbreaking study, researchers found that children's brains use both hemispheres to process language, whereas adults typically rely on one hemisphere. This discovery suggests that children's brains are more adaptable and resilient, allowing them to recover from neural injuries more effectively.
A nationwide study found that consuming even half a standard drink per day increases the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The risk rises with alcohol intake, with men and women experiencing higher odds of obesity and metabolic syndrome when drinking more than half a standard drink per day.
A new study found that bilingual children and adolescents had less shrinkage in grey matter compared to monolingual peers during brain development. This suggests that bilingualism may have long-term cognitive benefits. The study also revealed increased white matter, indicating more efficient brain communication.
New research found that pasta consumption in both children and adults is associated with a better diet quality and better nutrient intakes. Pasta-eaters showed a beneficial weight-related outcome, particularly in adult females, with reduced waist circumference, body weight, and body mass index.
A new study by University of Copenhagen researchers found that childhood adversity increases the risk of premature death in early adulthood. The most vulnerable children experienced a mortality rate 4.5 times higher due to increased risks of suicide, accidents, and cancer.
Research using UK Biobank data found that people who experienced childhood maltreatment were five times more likely to have four or more long-term health conditions. The study also linked childhood maltreatment to increased social isolation and poor self-rated health in adulthood.
A new study reveals that children with ADHD symptoms persisting into adulthood are more likely to be involved in car crashes. Adults with continuing ADHD symptoms had the highest rate of car crash involvement compared to those without a history of ADHD.
In a study published in Developmental Science, researchers found that young children systematically explore options to gather information, even when rewards are available. The children's approach is driven by a desire to understand the world, rather than seeking immediate rewards.
A meta-study of 92 studies found that secondary school students outperform their peers in traditional classes when using digital tools. The tools' effectiveness increases when used with paper-based materials and accompanied by teachers. Intelligent tutor systems and professionally trained teachers are particularly effective.
A new analysis reveals that education has a positive impact on cognitive function in early and middle adulthood, but does not prevent age-related cognitive declines. Individuals with more years of schooling tend to have higher levels of cognitive function until later in life.
Research on wild baboons reveals that early childhood experiences, such as famine or abuse, have a lasting impact on adult stress responses, regardless of social support. The study found that dysregulated stress hormones remain unaffected by healthy, supportive relationships in adulthood.
Researchers found that early adversity in wild female baboons elevated glucocorticoid levels by up to 14% in adulthood. The study suggests that early experiences of adversity and social relationships have independent effects on adult stress responses.
Research found that children and adolescents need 40% more sucrose in a solution to detect the taste of sugar, with higher taste-detection thresholds and preferred sweeter levels. These age-related differences may result from distinct developmental trajectories with different underlying mechanisms.
Researchers found that severe COVID-19 is associated with endotheliitis and microangiopathy, leading to a multisystem inflammatory syndrome similar to Kawasaki disease. Additionally, obesity in adults under 65 years old increases the risk of intubation or death from COVID-19, but not for those over 65.
A study has identified genetic variants that may contribute to the development of chronic immune and inflammatory diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, in early childhood. The research found thousands of genetic variants driving gene expression across different conditions.
Dolphins under age 10 form close bonds with peers to develop essential skills and social savvy, reflecting future reproductive strategies. Males and females have distinct social behaviors, with males prioritizing friendly interactions and females focusing on foraging and preparing for motherhood.
A recent study by Case Western Reserve University reveals a correlation between states' voting patterns in the 2016 presidential election and decreases in health insurance coverage. States classified as 'red' had the highest uninsured rates, while 'blue' states saw a decrease of over 7.6 million uninsured adults.
This observational study found significant differences in health outcomes between high- and low-income middle-aged adults in the US and England. The results highlight persistent socioeconomic disparities in health, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address these gaps.
A new study by Yale University researchers found that a nurse-delivered strategy to prevent falls among older adults reduced the rate of first adjudicated serious fall injury by nearly 10%. The approach also produced significant reductions in self-reported injuries, highlighting its potential in reducing fall-related harm.
A new study published in Pediatrics concludes that children infrequently transmit Covid-19 to each other or adults. With appropriate social distancing measures and community transmission rates considered, many schools can safely reopen in the fall.
A recent study found that breast feeding during infancy reduces lower limb fracture risk, while maternal smoking increases upper limb fracture risk in young adulthood. Exposures during fetal development and early life have lasting effects on bone health.
Researchers tracked eye movements of children aged 5, 8 and 10, and adults, finding they looked longer at faces congruent with heard voices. The study suggests a spontaneous amodal coding of emotions, enabling children to make connections between vocal emotion and facial expression from age 8.
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that even minor heart defects can lead to chronic diseases, such as arrhythmia and heart failure, in adulthood. Adults who underwent congenital heart surgery during childhood are more likely to experience lower levels of education and employment rates.
A new study by Brandi Woodell and Philip Schwadel found that emerging adults with same-sex attraction are twice as likely to disaffiliate from organized religion than their heterosexual peers. However, there was little change in prayer among the groups.
A nationally representative US adult sample found that low to moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a slower rate of age-related decline in cognitive function. The study's results suggest that moderate drinking may have protective effects against cognitive decline in older adulthood.
The study found that female neutrophils have enhanced proinflammatory genes and responses to inflammatory stimuli compared to male neutrophils. Sex hormones may drive these differences, with males exhibiting increased mitochondrial metabolism in their neutrophils.
A new study finds that SNAP work requirements lead to a 21% drop in program participation among adults aged 18-49. Black adults experience a significantly higher loss of food assistance benefits compared to white adults, with disabled individuals also facing significant declines.
A new study finds that social interactions with top performers have a positive impact on weight loss success, while those with average performers have a negative effect. The study suggests using the successes of top performers to inspire dieters and avoid using overall group success as a benchmark.
A simulation model suggests that all tax designs would generate substantial health gains and lower health costs in the US. The tiered sugar content tax could generate the largest health gains and cost savings, particularly among younger adults, blacks, and Hispanics.
A long-term study found that young adults from disadvantaged neighborhoods show epigenetic differences linked to chronic inflammation, tobacco smoke, air pollution, and lung cancer. The researchers suggest that these differences may contribute to long-term health disparities among communities.
A new study found that early signs of type 2 diabetes can be detected in children as young as 8 years old through metabolic changes measured by blood samples. The research identified subtle differences in metabolism among participants who were more genetically prone to developing the disease later in life.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers found that a protein called AP-2 beta induces expression of KCTD1, which triggers kidney structure differentiation. The discovery could lead to therapeutic approaches to block reactivation of beta-catenin in the adult kidney to inhibit renal fibrosis.
A survey study found that US adults aged 18-44 experienced a decline in the frequency of sexual activity and an increase in the number of sexual partners. The study suggests factors associated with these changes include demographic characteristics, relationship status, and socio-economic status.
A new study suggests that steroid-sparing therapies can reduce the risk of developing perianal fistulas in children and young adults with Crohn's disease. These treatments have been found to be nearly 60% less effective in developing fistulas, and if they do occur, those treated with such therapies are 55% less likely to undergo surgery.
A study conducted in Finland found that women who experienced childhood trauma became mothers earlier than those with a more stable upbringing. The research used data from volunteers who served in the 'Lotta Svärd' organisation during World War II, showing an increased rate of early motherhood among affected individuals.
The US Preventive Services Task Force has concluded that current evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding primary care-based behavioral counseling interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents and young adults. Illicit drug use contributes to the leading causes of death among young people ages 10...
A new study found that mortality rates for epilepsy-related deaths did not decrease between 2009 and 2015, with a six-fold increased risk of death among young adults aged 16-24. The majority of epilepsy-related deaths (78%) were classified as potentially avoidable.
A study found that children exposed to severe institutional deprivation in Romania showed lower IQs and poorer neuropsychological functioning in adulthood. They were also more likely to exhibit ADHD symptoms if they had the most significant difficulties with prospective memory.
Autistic burnout is a chronic state of exhaustion, loss of skills, and reduced tolerance to stimulus caused by chronic life stress and inadequate supports. Research highlights the need for understanding, relieving, and preventing autistic burnout to improve health, quality of life, and independent living.
Researchers identified gene sets linked to protective responses in malaria vaccine trials, highlighting the role of TLR4 and NF-κB in immunity. Pre-immunization signatures also showed promise in identifying non-responders who may benefit from immune priming or interventions.
Research finds that children and young adult burn survivors are more affected by staring, bullying, and uncomfortable questions than physical discomfort. The study suggests that burn units should incorporate supportive strategies to improve social interactions and overall quality of life.
A study at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found a strong association between long-term exposure to segregated neighborhoods and decreased processing speed in midlife. The study analyzed data from over 1,500 black participants and found that high segregation was linked to poorer cognitive function.
A new study found that children's lack of digital health literacy can lead to misinterpretation of nutrition information and adoption of adult recommendations. Researchers recruited 25 children aged 9-11 who struggled to find credible sources and accurately determine portion sizes.
A new study found that childhood obesity increases the risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes in adulthood, due to persistent effects of obesity over many years. Lowering weight in adulthood may reduce these long-term adverse effects.
A study published by The BMJ found that childhood body size is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes in later life. However, a larger early life body size may help protect women against breast cancer. The study suggests that maintaining a normal body mass index (BMI) in adulthood can reduce th...
A new Northwestern University study links childhood trauma and family dysfunction to increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in adulthood. Adults who experienced high levels of adversity in childhood are more than 50% more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
A new study found that biases against physically dirty people take root in children as early as age 5 and persist into adulthood. The researchers also discovered that these biases extend to the sick, holding implications for people diagnosed with Covid-19.
A long-term study found that infant behavioral inhibition is linked to a more reserved personality and higher levels of internalizing psychopathology in adulthood. The research also identified a neurophysiological marker, error-related negativity, as a potential predictor of risk for developing anxiety disorders.
A study by New York University researchers found that nearly half of 17-year-old foster youth use counseling services and almost a third take medications for mental health issues. However, many report feeling unprepared to manage their mental health, highlighting the need for targeted support interventions.
A 25-year study found that infants with high behavioral inhibition exhibited introverted adulthood and lower social interactions. Infants with high infant BI also showed heightened brain activity in response to errors during adolescence, associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.
A large observational study of over 33,000 women found that those born by cesarean section were at higher risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The study, published in JAMA Network Open, controlled for various factors and found a significant association between cesarean births and increased risk of these conditions.
A study of young adult cancer survivors found that e-cigarette users were more likely to experience cancer relapse compared to non-users. The researchers analyzed national survey data and found a significant association between e-cigarette use and increased risk of cancer recurrence.