Articles tagged with Adults
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study finds that SNAP work requirements lead to a 21% drop in program participation among adults aged 18-49. Black adults experience a significantly higher loss of food assistance benefits compared to white adults, with disabled individuals also facing significant declines.
A new study finds that social interactions with top performers have a positive impact on weight loss success, while those with average performers have a negative effect. The study suggests using the successes of top performers to inspire dieters and avoid using overall group success as a benchmark.
A simulation model suggests that all tax designs would generate substantial health gains and lower health costs in the US. The tiered sugar content tax could generate the largest health gains and cost savings, particularly among younger adults, blacks, and Hispanics.
A new study found that early signs of type 2 diabetes can be detected in children as young as 8 years old through metabolic changes measured by blood samples. The research identified subtle differences in metabolism among participants who were more genetically prone to developing the disease later in life.
A long-term study found that young adults from disadvantaged neighborhoods show epigenetic differences linked to chronic inflammation, tobacco smoke, air pollution, and lung cancer. The researchers suggest that these differences may contribute to long-term health disparities among communities.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers found that a protein called AP-2 beta induces expression of KCTD1, which triggers kidney structure differentiation. The discovery could lead to therapeutic approaches to block reactivation of beta-catenin in the adult kidney to inhibit renal fibrosis.
A survey study found that US adults aged 18-44 experienced a decline in the frequency of sexual activity and an increase in the number of sexual partners. The study suggests factors associated with these changes include demographic characteristics, relationship status, and socio-economic status.
A new study suggests that steroid-sparing therapies can reduce the risk of developing perianal fistulas in children and young adults with Crohn's disease. These treatments have been found to be nearly 60% less effective in developing fistulas, and if they do occur, those treated with such therapies are 55% less likely to undergo surgery.
A study conducted in Finland found that women who experienced childhood trauma became mothers earlier than those with a more stable upbringing. The research used data from volunteers who served in the 'Lotta Svärd' organisation during World War II, showing an increased rate of early motherhood among affected individuals.
The US Preventive Services Task Force has concluded that current evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding primary care-based behavioral counseling interventions to prevent illicit drug use in children, adolescents and young adults. Illicit drug use contributes to the leading causes of death among young people ages 10...
A new study found that mortality rates for epilepsy-related deaths did not decrease between 2009 and 2015, with a six-fold increased risk of death among young adults aged 16-24. The majority of epilepsy-related deaths (78%) were classified as potentially avoidable.
A study found that children exposed to severe institutional deprivation in Romania showed lower IQs and poorer neuropsychological functioning in adulthood. They were also more likely to exhibit ADHD symptoms if they had the most significant difficulties with prospective memory.
Autistic burnout is a chronic state of exhaustion, loss of skills, and reduced tolerance to stimulus caused by chronic life stress and inadequate supports. Research highlights the need for understanding, relieving, and preventing autistic burnout to improve health, quality of life, and independent living.
Researchers identified gene sets linked to protective responses in malaria vaccine trials, highlighting the role of TLR4 and NF-κB in immunity. Pre-immunization signatures also showed promise in identifying non-responders who may benefit from immune priming or interventions.
Research finds that children and young adult burn survivors are more affected by staring, bullying, and uncomfortable questions than physical discomfort. The study suggests that burn units should incorporate supportive strategies to improve social interactions and overall quality of life.
A study at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found a strong association between long-term exposure to segregated neighborhoods and decreased processing speed in midlife. The study analyzed data from over 1,500 black participants and found that high segregation was linked to poorer cognitive function.
A new study found that childhood obesity increases the risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes in adulthood, due to persistent effects of obesity over many years. Lowering weight in adulthood may reduce these long-term adverse effects.
A study published by The BMJ found that childhood body size is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes in later life. However, a larger early life body size may help protect women against breast cancer. The study suggests that maintaining a normal body mass index (BMI) in adulthood can reduce th...
A new study found that children's lack of digital health literacy can lead to misinterpretation of nutrition information and adoption of adult recommendations. Researchers recruited 25 children aged 9-11 who struggled to find credible sources and accurately determine portion sizes.
A new study found that biases against physically dirty people take root in children as early as age 5 and persist into adulthood. The researchers also discovered that these biases extend to the sick, holding implications for people diagnosed with Covid-19.
A new Northwestern University study links childhood trauma and family dysfunction to increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in adulthood. Adults who experienced high levels of adversity in childhood are more than 50% more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
A study by New York University researchers found that nearly half of 17-year-old foster youth use counseling services and almost a third take medications for mental health issues. However, many report feeling unprepared to manage their mental health, highlighting the need for targeted support interventions.
A 25-year study found that infants with high behavioral inhibition exhibited introverted adulthood and lower social interactions. Infants with high infant BI also showed heightened brain activity in response to errors during adolescence, associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.
A long-term study found that infant behavioral inhibition is linked to a more reserved personality and higher levels of internalizing psychopathology in adulthood. The research also identified a neurophysiological marker, error-related negativity, as a potential predictor of risk for developing anxiety disorders.
A large observational study of over 33,000 women found that those born by cesarean section were at higher risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The study, published in JAMA Network Open, controlled for various factors and found a significant association between cesarean births and increased risk of these conditions.
A study of young adult cancer survivors found that e-cigarette users were more likely to experience cancer relapse compared to non-users. The researchers analyzed national survey data and found a significant association between e-cigarette use and increased risk of cancer recurrence.
Researchers found that infants aged 12-15 months watched for longer when presented with incongruent speech patterns, suggesting they have formed expectations not only about infant-directed speech but also adult-directed speech. This study raises questions about the mechanisms of infants' expectations and social importance of different ...
A recent study published in Neuro-Oncology has made significant progress in understanding low-grade gliomas (LGG) in NF patients, which affect nearly a third of those with NF1. The research collaboration between NF experts and LGG specialists aims to develop new therapeutic strategies for these patients.
Researchers found that swallowing and reflex airway closure can disrupt sleep and trigger tachycardia in healthy adults. These defense mechanisms tend to coincide with spontaneous arousal from sleep, suggesting a potential link between sleep disruption and cardiovascular issues.
A 10-year longitudinal study found that young people given a religious upbringing at home by both parents have the strongest faith in God. In contrast, those with only one parent or no parental influence experience wavering faith.
A study analyzing data from 155 trans women and 55 trans men found that gender dysphoria typically starts in adolescence or early adulthood. The researchers identified a correlation between the age of onset and the likelihood of seeking genital gender-affirming surgery.
A new study highlights that appendicitis is often missed in emergency department visits, with a diagnosis rate of 3.8% to 15% in children and 5.9% to 23.5% in adults. The study found factors such as symptoms mislabeling, patient demographics, and diagnostic tests played a role in the missed diagnoses.
A recent study found an exponential increase in bowel cancer among adults under 50, driven by tumors of the lowermost portion of the bowel. The incidence has risen quickly in southern regions, particularly in the South West.
A new study finds that the Affordable Care Act has reduced racial and ethnic gaps in access to health insurance, but significant disparities remain. The analysis shows that Black and Hispanic Americans are still less likely to have health coverage and more likely to avoid care due to cost, compared to non-Hispanic whites.
The USPSTF now recommends screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in adults aged 18-79, following a decade of rising cases linked to increased injection drug use. This updated guidance aims to reduce deaths from HCV, which exceeds those of other reportable infectious diseases.
A new study reveals that colon cancer is different in children, adolescents, and young adults, with younger patients more likely to have metastases outside the colon. The findings call for more intensive surveillance and treatment in those who have symptoms.
Research led by Duke Health finds wide swings in young adult blood pressure readings increase cardiovascular disease risk by middle age. The study suggests ignoring variability in blood pressure readings may mask an early warning sign of heart disease.
A study found that adult exposure to chickenpox is associated with a lower risk of developing shingles, but the protective effect does not last forever. The researchers suggest that previous assumptions about childhood varicella vaccination policy in the UK may need to be revisited.
A study on esports athletes' sleep habits found that most do not get the recommended 7-9 hours of sleep per night, leading to impaired mental health and performance. Esports organisations are now taking steps to address this issue through sleep interventions.
Researchers at Princeton University found measurable similarities in baby and adult brain activity during natural play, showing that babies' brains are 'on the same wavelength' as adults', leading to a feedback loop of influence between their brains.
Researchers used a genomics tool to analyze twins' gut microbial strains before and after separating. They found that certain strains remained stable over time, even after years of living apart. The study suggests the possibility of shared microbes between non-cohabitating twins for decades.
A recent study found that persistent physical activity during leisure time from childhood to middle age was associated with higher fruit and vegetable consumption. Conversely, decreasing physical activity was linked to lower consumption, particularly in young adulthood. The study suggests that promoting holistic well-being by combining...
Researchers found that adult female mice exhibit abnormal neuron activity when learning to respond to young pups' distress cries. The findings suggest potential therapeutic strategies for Rett syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder affecting brain rewiring in adults.
Research reveals that early-life deprivation is associated with reduced total brain volume and altered brain structure, even after years of environmental enrichment. This study suggests that early adversity can have lasting impacts on adult brain development.
Researchers found that Romanian adoptees who experienced institutional deprivation as children had smaller brains (8.6% smaller) compared to English adoptees. The study also showed a correlation between deprivation and lower IQ and ADHD symptoms, suggesting brain changes may play a mediating role.
Research at Cornell University found that food restrictions predict loneliness among children and adults, causing increased feelings of exclusion. Participants experienced 'food worries' and fretted about their dietary choices, leading to a degree of loneliness comparable to that reported by unmarried or low-income adults.
A recent study by MU researcher Nancy Cheak-Zamora found that many young adults with autism struggle to achieve independence due to a disconnect between caregiver support and individual efforts. The research recommends shifting the perception towards strengths and skill sets, providing opportunities for mastery of tasks like cooking an...
Recent colorectal cancer screening rates more than doubled among people ages 45 to 49, a trend unique to this age group. The increase in screening was attributed to the release of updated American Cancer Society guidelines recommending screening in that age range.
Men born small for gestational age have a 55% increased risk of infertility as adults, compared to those born within the normal weight range. The study found no link between gestational age and infertility in women.
Researchers estimate that up to 43% of antibiotic prescriptions in the US are potentially inappropriate, highlighting the importance of proper documentation. The study found that patients with chronic conditions and those who spent more time with a physician were more likely to receive antibiotics without an indication.
Research reveals that narcissistic traits decline over time and with age, while high aspirations increase, as individuals form new relationships and experiences shape their perspective.
Researchers at Cornell University found a negative relationship between the temperature during tree swallows' development and their hormonal response to stressors as adults. This phenomenon could help explain how changing environments are impacting many different species.
A study by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers found that a new flu drug, baloxavir, can drive drug resistance in H3N2 and H1N1 influenza viruses. The mutation occurred in nearly 23% of patients treated with the medication, but did not appear to affect its effectiveness against other virus-fighting drugs.
A systematic review by King's College London found evidence that chewing sugar-free gum can reduce the advancement of dental caries and could be used as a preventative agent. The review identified 12 studies exploring the impact of chewing sugar-free gum on oral health, with a preventative factor of 28%.
Researchers studied six adults with childhood hemispherectomy and found that the remaining half of the brain formed unusually strong connections between different functional brain networks. This compensation potentially helps the body function as if the brain were intact.
A survey of 1,019 adults aged 50 to 64 found that 48.5% perceived a high risk of developing dementia during their lifetime. Only a few participants discussed potential ways to reduce dementia risk with their physician.
The proportion of adults who tried to lose weight increased from 1999 to 2016. Despite this surge, observational study findings suggest the results may not be reliable due to limitations in self-reported data. Commonly reported weight-loss strategies included eating less food, exercising, and drinking more water.
Researchers investigated the effect of vitamin D and omega-3 supplements on chronic kidney disease (CKD) development or progression in adults with type 2 diabetes. The study found no significant difference in CKD progression between supplementation groups.
Researchers observed a sex difference in how women and men respond to circadian disruption. Women experienced decreased satiety hormones, leading to reduced fullness, while men showed increased cravings for energy-dense foods.
A new IIASA study found that childhood socioeconomic conditions play a significant role in determining health satisfaction in adults. The study's results indicate that policies to mitigate early disadvantages are crucial for improving health outcomes.