Research on adult health and behavior. Covers suicide risk, regulated psilocybin, alcohol and cannabis use, and family and life choices.
Researchers found that autoimmune type 1 diabetes is distinct from type 2, but phenotypic features can't be clearly assigned to specific disease types. The DiMelli study suggests a continuum of forms and mixed diabetes phenotypes, requiring refined criteria for diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have identified curved cog-like strips of opposing 'teeth' in the hind-leg joints of a plant-hopping insect, demonstrating precise synchronicity in leg movement. This natural gear mechanism bears remarkable engineering resemblance to those found on bicycles and car gear-boxes.
Researchers created an animal model of adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) using the TSUNAMI method, providing insight into disease progression and potential treatment. The study revealed that only moderate levels of SMN protein are needed in the adult nervous system for normal function.
A study by McGill University and Oxford University found that learning a second language after infancy stimulates new neural growth and connections. The research suggests that the difficulty of learning a second language later in life may be due to structural changes in the brain.
Research published in PLOS ONE found that fast-food marketing aimed at children emphasizes giveaways and movie tie-ins more frequently than ads targeted at adults. The study also highlights the importance of aligning advertising to children with health promotion efforts to address concerns about obesity.
A new survey found that 7.8 million young adults gained new or better coverage through the Affordable Care Act, but millions are at risk of remaining uninsured due to lack of awareness about health insurance marketplaces and Medicaid expansion. Young adults from low- and middle-income households are disproportionately affected.
A research letter reveals that indoor tanning is common among non-Hispanic white female high school students and adults ages 18 to 34 years, with significant age-related differences in prevalence. The study estimates that 29.3% of high school students and 24.9% of women in this age group engage in indoor tanning annually.
A new study reveals that bullying in childhood can lead to serious illness, poor job prospects, and strained social relationships. Bully-victims are particularly vulnerable, facing a higher risk of mental health issues, poverty, and difficulties forming long-term friendships.
According to the study, women with a history of childhood physical abuse have a 47% higher odds of obesity compared to those from non-abusive homes. Even after adjusting for other factors, women from physically abusive families still had a 35% higher odds of obesity.
A new study found that people exhibit more empathy towards battered puppies and full-grown dogs than adults, but not children. The research, which considered the opinions of 240 college students, revealed that age is a key factor in eliciting empathy.
A longitudinal study found that children with lower conscientiousness tend to experience worse health, including greater obesity, as adults. Childhood conscientiousness was significantly associated with decreased cardiovascular and metabolic system function, leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Consumers of grapes and grape products have increased intakes of essential nutrients, including vitamin A, C, fiber, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. This study suggests that incorporating grapes into one's diet may lead to healthier dietary patterns and improved nutrient intake.
A new study published in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery found that oversized donor lungs are associated with a 30% increased chance of survival one year after the operation. The researchers analyzed data from over 4,500 double lung transplants and single lung transplants performed between 2005 and 2010.
The American Thoracic Society has released new clinical practice guidelines for the classification, evaluation, and management of chILD in infants. The guidelines include recommendations for diagnosis, management, and research priorities.
Research suggests that fetal programming can shape feeding behavior and preferences, with newborns of undernourished mothers displaying stronger reactions to sweet tastes. This study found IUGR rat pups exhibit enhanced hedonic responses to sucrose compared to controls, potentially contributing to adult diseases.
A new definition of chronic kidney disease labels over 1 in 8 adults as having the disease, but low rates of kidney failure suggest many may never progress to severe disease. Experts argue that this is evidence of overdiagnosis and call for greater scrutiny and public awareness.
The European Society of Cardiology and Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology have released a joint consensus statement on pediatric arrhythmias. The statement outlines the diagnosis and management of pediatric arrhythmias, highlighting differences between pediatric and adult cases.
Research at University of Southampton reveals that youthful extroversion and emotional stability significantly influence happiness and well-being in later adulthood. Neuroticism, on the other hand, is linked to poorer mental health outcomes.
A study of over 3,000 adults found that longer durations of obesity in young adulthood were associated with higher rates of coronary artery calcification, a predictor of coronary heart disease. The researchers also found that the presence and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis increased with duration of obesity.
A long-term study of 3,275 young adults found that the duration of obesity is independently linked to the development of subclinical heart disease. The researchers discovered that participants who remained obese for a longer period had higher levels of coronary artery calcification.
A new study suggests that early life factors such as impaired fetal growth and exposure to maternal smoking may lead to reduced semen parameters in adulthood. The study found that around one in six men had sperm parameters below the normal threshold, with poor fetal growth and smoking exposure associated with lower sperm quality.
The discovery of flower beds in graves at Raqefet Cave reveals Natufian burial rituals dating back to 13,700 years ago. Researchers found impressions of Salvia plants and other species, indicating the use of colorful flowers in springtime burials.
Researchers found that people with traumatic brain injury were 30% more likely to develop a stroke than those with trauma with no brain injury. The study looked at records of adults in California who suffered a traumatic brain injury or other trauma without brain injury over five years.
Research found that breastfeeding significantly reduces chances of downward social mobility and increases odds of climbing the social ladder. Breastfed children showed improved brain development, stress levels, and intellect, which contribute to better adult outcomes.
A large study found similar genetic variations in overweight newborns and obese adults, suggesting a common genetic background. This discovery may lead to earlier identification of high-risk newborns and interventions to prevent obesity later in life.
A new federal law has protected young adults, their families, and hospitals from the financial consequences of serious medical emergencies. The study found that $147 million in nondiscretionary medical care was newly covered by private insurance.
A large cross-sectional study found that adults, adolescents, and parents of school-age children consistently underestimate the calorie content of their meals, especially large ones. The researchers suggest that menu labelling requirements and social marketing campaigns could help correct this underestimation.
Scientists have reversed behavioral and brain abnormalities in adult mice by restoring normal expression to the Neuregulin1 gene, which is over-expressed in humans with schizophrenia. The findings suggest that damage caused by abnormal prenatal expression may be reversible in adulthood, offering hope for treatment of some patients.
A new study by King's College London found that children who suffered maltreatment are 36% more likely to be obese in adulthood. The authors estimated that preventing or effectively treating child maltreatment could avoid up to 1 case of adult obesity.
A new study by University of Toronto researchers found that parents with addiction issues are more likely to have depressed adult children. The study analyzed data from 6,268 adults and found a significant association between parental addictions and increased odds of depression in adulthood.
Adult human brain cell production is triggered by early life experiences, with female pups raised by two parents showing enhanced white matter production and improved motor coordination. Male pups raised by dual parents displayed increased grey matter production, improving learning and memory.
A biennial health insurance survey found that nearly half of all working-age US adults went without health insurance for a time, while 75 million struggled with medical debt. The Affordable Care Act's provisions have helped young adults gain coverage and improve affordability.
Researchers used fluorescent cell labeling to determine when precursor cells develop into pancreatic beta cells. They found no evidence of neogenesis in adult mice, contradicting previous assumptions about beta cell creation. This discovery has significant implications for understanding diseases like diabetes.
A recent study found that living in the 'stroke belt' during teenage years significantly increases future stroke risk. People who spent their teenage years in the region were 17% more likely to have a stroke in later life compared to those who did not.
A study of nearly 3,000 Danish adults found that childhood bacterial meningitis was associated with lower educational achievement and economic self-sufficiency in adulthood. The study also found that siblings of meningitis patients had similar lower educational achievements.
A new poll shows that many parents are giving young kids medicines that they should not use, despite FDA warnings. The medications can cause serious side effects in children under 4 years old, including allergic reactions and respiratory problems.
A new study finds that international child sponsorship programs result in higher rates of schooling completion and improved adult employment outcomes. The research, conducted by Compassion International, estimates causal effects on areas such as educational completion, type of employment, and community leadership.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania found that children as young as 2 understand basic grammar rules when they first learn to speak, contradicting a long-held debate. The research also applied statistical analysis to data from the famous Project Nim experiment and found that Nim Chimpsky never grasped such rules.
Researchers found that prenatal stress increased obesity risk and associated conditions in adult rats. The study suggests that mothers' stress during pregnancy may alter the development of offspring, leading to a predisposition towards obesity and related health issues.
Researchers at University of Nottingham found autistic children copy useful actions only, while typically developing children copy both necessary and unnecessary actions. This study offers new insights into social development in children with autism.
Research reveals that children's sense of having a body develops differently than adults', with an earlier reliance on visual cues. The study used the rubber-hand illusion to test age differences in body representation, finding that children respond more strongly to the illusion than adults.
Individuals who are overweight starting in early adulthood are twice as likely to have chronic kidney disease at age 60 to 64 years. Larger waist-to-hip ratios during middle age are also linked with chronic kidney disease at the same age. Avoiding excess weight gain could prevent many cases of chronic kidney disease, with over one-thir...
A new longitudinal study found that teens who struggled to connect with their peers in early adolescence were more likely to have difficulty establishing close friendships in young adulthood. Conversely, those who established autonomy and independence from peer influences had lower risks of problems with alcohol and substance use.
A study found that higher birthweight and faster linear growth in infancy and childhood are associated with increased adult height, schooling, and reduced blood pressure. Conversely, excessive weight gain after age 2 may increase the risk of chronic diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes.
Young people with Type 1 diabetes who transitioned from pediatric to adult care are 2.5 times more likely to have chronically high blood glucose levels, increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure. The estimated median age of patients when this transition occurred was 20.1 years.
Chronic fatigue is three times more prevalent among adult cancer survivors than the general population. A persistent low-grade inflammatory response may contribute to chronic fatigue in these individuals. The study highlights the need for healthcare providers to communicate with cancer survivor patients about possible chronic fatigue.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry has found that autism spectrum disorders affect brain activity differently in children and adults. The research suggests that brain changes associated with autism continue to develop into adulthood, highlighting the need for targeted treatments.
A new study by researchers at UNC Chapel Hill and the University of Adelaide found that fluoride in drinking water prevents tooth decay for all adults regardless of age or childhood consumption. Adults living in fluoridated communities had up to 30% less tooth decay.
Congenital heart disease admissions to acute care hospitals have grown at a higher rate among adults compared to children over the past two decades. The study found a significant increase in hospitalizations for adult patients with congenital heart disease, with a 87.8% increase during the second half of the study period.
Yale researchers have identified a key genetic switch that facilitates brain maturation and plasticity. By blocking this gene, they were able to reset the old brain to adolescent levels of plasticity, allowing adult mice to recover from injuries and master new motor tasks more quickly.
Researchers at Michigan State University have discovered that the brain adds new cells during puberty to help navigate complex social cues, a process previously thought to be limited to two brain regions. The findings suggest that these new cells play a crucial role in adult reproductive function and behavior.
A long-term follow-up study of 367 children with ADHD found that nearly a third still had ADHD as adults and were more likely to have psychiatric disorders, commit suicide, or be incarcerated. The study highlights the need for continued treatment and monitoring beyond childhood.
A new study by Grand Valley State University researchers found that NHL teams tend to favor older players, resulting in underestimating the potential of younger players. The study shows that players born between July and December have a higher success rate than those born in the first three months of the year.
A University of Nebraska-Lincoln study finds that childhood socioeconomic disadvantages and maternal depression increase the risk of major depression and chronic pain in working-aged adults. Hunger experienced in childhood can lead to chronic pain and depression later in life.
A new study reveals that children who experience childhood bullying are at a higher risk of developing psychiatric disorders in adulthood, including agoraphobia, anxiety, depression, and antisocial personality disorder. Researchers also found that bullies and victims alike face increased risks of suicidal tendencies.
A study by Duke University Medical Center found that bullied children are at higher risk for psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depressive disorders, as adults. The research used a large group of participants initially enrolled as adolescents and followed them into adulthood to assess the long-term effects of bullying.
Scientific evidence supports early education's lasting impact on children's lives and society as a whole. Research from the Abecedarian Project shows that well-prepared children are more likely to be consistently employed and less reliant on public assistance.
Young children may go above and beyond when helping adults, overriding specific requests for unhelpful items in favor of something more useful. In one experiment, most 3-year-olds recognized that an adult wasn't making the best decision and decided to be helpful instead.
A new study from the University of Michigan found that public awareness and matching research needs with participant characteristics are key barriers to participation. The study suggests that effective community engagement can help attract more participants to medical research.
A new study by Oregon State University researchers found that middle-aged adults are struggling to balance the demands of caring for both young adult children and aging parents. While most feel positive about helping their kids, many struggle with supporting their aging parents due to increasing needs and uncertainty.