Articles tagged with Economics Research
Scientists have found that between 700,000 to 2.7 million people die annually from malaria, with African children being the hardest hit. The disease also has significant economic implications, as countries with severe transmission experience slower growth rates than those with fewer infections.
Researchers in London have found that high levels of neighborhood problems such as noise, unsafe areas, smells, fumes, and litter contribute significantly to levels of daily stress. These chronic stressors in urban neighborhoods can have important health effects, particularly for those living in lower socioeconomic status communities.
A Virginia Tech accounting professor has received a research award for his contributions to government accountability and financial reporting. His research, which spans 19 years, has influenced the development of guidelines on entity identification in government financial statements.
The new Phileas bus-tram system uses a magnetic reference system to guide the vehicle, allowing for precise navigation around bends and stops. The system enables the bus to travel at higher speeds while reducing construction costs and improving safety.
This study reveals that managers face significant challenges in achieving a work-life balance due to organizational constraints. Women professionals, particularly in banking, often limit themselves to one child, while doctors have more children, suggesting a broader issue beyond gender-specific policies.
Case Western Reserve University has been awarded a $750,000 grant from the Ohio Eminent Scholars Program to support high-energy density fuel cell research. The university will also establish the Case Institute for Fuel Cells, where the appointed professor will lead technology development and education.
Research by Mrs Philippa Hankinson of the University of Surrey Roehampton finds that charity branding is crucial for attracting voluntary donations. High brand-orientated fundraisers generate more income than their low-brand peers, while medium and high-branded fundraisers exert more influence in their organisations.
The study found that the cost of trichiasis surgery is a significant barrier for patients in The Gambia. Offering surgery at local health centers instead of regional clinics can significantly increase patient willingness to undergo treatment.
A three-year comparative case study found that UK banks stayed away from the market, while others like Citibank entered with enthusiasm. The British absence can be attributed to a lack of cultural ties with CEE and insufficient capital strength.
Research suggests that parents who are both firm and allow for some autonomy have a lower degree of conflict and avoid problem teenagers. Delinquency at age 12 or 13 is widespread, with smoking and drinking linked to increased delinquent acts.
The study found that many young people from ethnic minorities are happy with Bradford, seeing it as a socially benign multi-cultural environment. However, there is a growing mismatch between their aspirations and the harsh realities of the labour market, leading to feelings of disposability.
Jan L. Breslow and David A. Ness received the 2001 American Heart Association Gold Heart Award for their leadership in research, administration, and volunteer work. The award recognizes their significant contributions to advancing heart health through their work with the association.
A new study by Yale anthropologist Harvey Weiss suggests that abrupt climate changes played a significant role in past societal collapses. The research analyzed recent archaeological and paleoclimatological data to understand the impact of natural climate events on human societies.
A new study predicts that Brazil's planned road network will lead to widespread devastation of the Amazon rainforest, releasing more greenhouse gases and increasing forest fires. The researchers' models suggest that up to 1 million acres of rainforest could be lost annually.
The conference aims to rethink old paradigms on work and family policies, focusing on quality of life beyond economic correctness. Confirmed participants include experts from Greece, US, New Zealand, India, Belgium, Sweden, Tanzania, and Hungary.
A study finds that retail financial services companies are driving electronic channel adoption primarily for cost savings and competitive advantage. While customers may want 'convenience' and 'anytime banking', research suggests this is largely a marketing strategy to enroll customers through advertising and differential pricing.
A study funded by the ESRC highlights the potential of cultural industries to boost regeneration in British cities. The report shows that these industries have played a key role in rejuvenating city centers and fringe districts.
Local Gypsy minority self-governments drive local development efforts, improving socio-economic conditions and strengthening intracommunity social ties. These initiatives benefit not only Roma but also other ethnic Hungarians, fostering a more pluralistic, democratic society.
Despite an all-time low unemployment rate of 3.9%, New York ranks 10th among states for women's employment and earnings. Women in the state have high annual earnings but face challenges such as lower workforce participation, higher poverty rates, and limited access to health insurance.
Researchers analyzed data from over 7,000 men and women in their 50s and 60s and found that obesity was associated with significantly lower net worth for middle-aged women. The economic cost of obesity on women's wealth is substantial, ranging from $135,670 in 1998 for moderately to severely obese women compared to non-obese peers.
The National Center for Eco-Industrial Development aims to facilitate job growth and sustainable industrial expansion in economically distressed communities. The new center will encourage industrial ecology, establish eco-industrial parks and expand the use of processes to maximize communities' development potential.
A study by University of Illinois researchers found that men tend to prefer economic-based goals, while women prioritize socially satisfying pursuits. The study used the Big Five personality taxonomy to analyze responses from college-aged students.
A Cornell University study reveals a significant decline in employment among working-age Americans with disabilities, with most experiencing a loss of economic ground despite receiving higher Social Security disability payments. The researchers argue that new national policies are needed to reintegrate young people with disabilities in...
The US is facing a shortage of antiparasitic drugs due to low market demand, making treatment options scarce for diseases like schistosomiasis and liver fluke infections. The CDC has stepped in to distribute remaining stocks, but more support is needed to ensure availability.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have applied aerodynamic concepts from aircraft to tractor-trailers, reducing drag by up to 50% and improving directional control, traction, and braking. The Circulation Control system uses compressed air to create lift and reduce rolling resistance, with potential fuel savings of up to 12%.
The DFG and NSFC have established a Science Promotion Centre in Beijing to support joint research projects between Chinese and German scientists. The centre will fund the preparation and elaboration of projects, as well as finance 'Rainbow Conferences' aimed at fostering links between top researchers.
Researchers found that Canadians are less likely to retire in a year where working an additional year would increase their lifetime benefits significantly. The study shows that seniors recognize the importance of retiring at age 60 due to incentive systems in place.
A study by Cornell labor experts found that global capital mobility and ineffective labor laws create a climate where employers threaten to close plants or move investments to avoid unionization. This leads to increased job insecurity and no real wage gains for workers, despite the longest economic boom in US history.
Sverdrup Technology has been awarded a $300 million contract by NASA to provide engineering, scientific and technical services at the Marshall Space Flight Center. The contract covers support for space transportation systems, including the Space Shuttle and International Space Station.
A University of Michigan professor suggests that flu vaccines should be administered when available to prevent lost work days and reduce physician visits, even if not cost-effective for working adults. The vaccine may have a greater impact on the elderly, who are more prone to complications.
The American Chemical Society has awarded 35 Project SEED college scholarships to high school graduates from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. The scholarships are for up to $5,000 and support students who complete a chemistry course and work at a science institute under the auspices of Project SEED.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that judges from elite colleges are 30% more likely to rule against unions in labor law cases. Female Republican judges were also more likely to support unions than their male counterparts.
The International Development Research Centre presents four case studies on ICTs in Latin America, highlighting their impact on civil society organizations and indigenous communities. These projects showcase the potential of technology to bridge development gaps and promote social change.
Researchers aim to design technology that allows users to create profiles of their information interests, enabling customized information services and efficient data recharging on portable devices. The team plans to develop a profiling language and middleware techniques to track users' online needs.
Children of divorced parents are more likely to drop out of middle or high school due to economic hardships, not family disruption. The resulting financial stress raises the odds of offspring dropping out to supplement the family income.
A report by economists suggests that the Federal Reserve should raise interest rates when asset prices rise above fundamentals, to stabilize inflation and prevent economic instability. The strategy aims to keep bubbles from developing in the first place, rather than bursting them once they form.
A Penn State researcher finds that churches in lower-income areas offer fewer opportunities for learning civic skills, despite their importance. Church members from upper-class congregations are more likely to develop these skills, but they are less common among lower-class individuals.
A study of 75 countries reveals that social, economic and political factors are crucial for Internet development, including literacy, education, political freedom and service-based economies. Countries with the greatest Internet development have high rates of these factors, making them poised to cross the digital divide.
Lawanna Harris, a NASA engineering technician, is working on a rocket-based combined cycle engine to make space travel more affordable. Her research goal is to reduce the cost of payload from $10,000 to hundreds of dollars per pound within 25 years.
A group of ecologists and economists propose a new approach to valuing nature's worth. They suggest assigning an economic price tag to ecosystem services, such as pollination and water purification. By doing so, they hope to create financial incentives for protecting these vital resources.
Research shows that Ugandan companies can save money by providing HIV drugs to their employees, with annual cost savings of $74 per skilled employee and $42 per unskilled worker. The study found that providing prophylactic treatment for HIV-infected workers is a cost-effective option.
A new study finds that providing female condoms to commercial sex workers in rural South Africa is a highly cost-effective means of preventing HIV transmission. The analysis found that 5.9 cases of HIV, 38 cases of syphilis, and 33 cases of gonorrhea would be averted per year in 1,000 female condom recipients.
The ACM SIGCOMM 2 000 conference was held in Stockholm, Sweden, gathering researchers from USA and Europe to discuss network security, Internet telephony, and other topics. Notable speakers included Prof. André Danthine, Dr. Radia Perlman, and Professor Henning Schulzrinne.
A new study from Ohio State University reveals that trade agreements between countries can significantly reduce the likelihood of military conflicts. Countries belonging to the same preferential trade arrangements (PTAs) were 30-45% less likely to become involved in military disputes, compared to those without such agreements.
A new study of 332 US manufacturing companies found that international joint ventures and multinational operations increase downside risk, contradicting common business wisdom. Domestic joint ventures also failed to reduce financial risks.
Research highlights the difficulties faced by rural low-income families in transitioning from welfare to work due to limited job opportunities and lower wages. Despite recent economic growth, many rural areas lack essential workplace supports and infrastructure, hindering employment prospects.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that the human brain employs surprising economies of effort in problem-solving by minimizing mental workload. The study used fMRI scans to identify brain activation patterns for verbal and visual thinking strategies.
A new power company software suggests that major power emergencies like California's statewide conservation alert might be averted if the industry adopts predictive software. The software would simulate load flow, dispatch options, weather factors, and contingencies to help power plant operators predict the future.
Researchers at UNC-CH's Odum Institute are conducting studies on the social effects of Hurricane Floyd, including oral history investigations and strategies to help low-literate adults cope with natural disasters. The projects aim to preserve regional history and provide insights for disaster relief efforts and future recovery.
Researchers found that Asian immigrants working in ethnic-oriented businesses tend to have lower educational levels and poorer English skills. This can lead to social isolation, potentially hindering their long-term economic prospects.
A recent DOE study suggests adopting new command and control software to predict future energy demand, potentially averting major power emergencies. The software tools would include various mathematical models to simulate load flow, weather factors, and contingencies, helping to stabilize the grid and prevent outages.
Susan Okie, a medical reporter at The Washington Post, has won the 2000 American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Public Communications Award. Her two-part series on tuberculosis highlights the challenges of controlling this deadly disease and emphasizes the need for new medicines and vaccines to eradicate it.
Researchers from around the world present real-world and theoretical findings on valuing environmental services, exploring challenges of assigning economic values to ecosystems and regulating the environment. The study highlights the complexities of managing ecosystem resources and incorporating costs of pollution into prices.
A Cornell University study reveals that younger farmers' lack of access to modern technology hinders their productivity, while older farmers continue to use technology efficiently despite declining output. The research has implications for business management decisions and federal agricultural policies.
A $4.1 million grant from the National Science Foundation is helping researchers link disparate databases and protect confidential data for economic and social scientists. The project aims to improve quality of the Census Bureau's surveys and enable better research on social issues like welfare-to-work and aging.
Shell chemists developed a new carpet and textile fiber, Corterra, with excellent elastic recovery and natural stain resistance. They achieved commercial production in just three years through innovative research and process development.
Experts will discuss new synthetic elastomers designed to improve tire traction properties, as well as surface-modified mineral fillers that could increase fuel economy in vehicles. Researchers will also predict fatigue in fiber-reinforced rubber composite laminates in tires.
A study by Cornell University economists finds that stricter high school graduation requirements can result in a 3-7% increase in dropout rates, affecting 26,000 to 65,000 students nationwide. Higher course graduation requirements are associated with higher attrition rates, dropout rates, and individual probabilities of dropping out.
Leading American sociologists offer practical solutions to pressing social problems like genocide, homelessness, and poverty. They suggest changes to cherished institutions and grade their performance based on solid research.
The World Institute for Disaster Risk Management aims to apply research to mitigate disaster losses. It will work with governments, agencies, private enterprises, and NGOs to create a network for applied research, implementation, and information dissemination.