Articles tagged with Economics Research
Researchers created a model and algorithm to redistribute transit resources based on commuter choices, resulting in cost reductions of 0.4%-3% system-wide. This leads to millions in rush hour savings while reducing costs for passengers and transportation providers.
Researchers develop a one-pot process to synthesize polyacrylates and polymethacrylates from biobased materials, minimizing environmental impact. The new method reduces the E-factor by three quarters, making it more sustainable than traditional plastic production.
A new study from the University of California, Berkeley suggests that parents may talk less to their kids when experiencing financial scarcity, contributing to the 'word gap' in vocabulary. Researchers found that parents who described recent experiences of resource insecurity spoke fewer words to their children during laboratory observ...
Researchers at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology developed a novel method to predict the optimal cation substitutions in lithium-ion batteries using first-principles calculations. The study reveals that nickel can be partially substituted with platinum and palladium to increase battery discharge capacity, while other e...
Researchers found that the Mission Indradhanush program increased full immunization rates by 27% and the rate of receiving all vaccines at recommended ages by 8%. The program also improved vaccination rates for children who received treatment in multiple phases.
Jumping spiders can recognize biological motion, a visual cue that refers to the movements of living organisms. The ability is critical for survival and has been found in vertebrates, but this study demonstrates its presence in an invertebrate, challenging our understanding of evolutionary history.
The University of Minnesota has developed a new tool to help farmers make informed crop input decisions, balancing economic and environmental costs. The tool uses machine-learning-based metamodels to predict nitrogen reduction scenarios and identify hotspots for mitigation, while also considering regenerative practices like cover cropp...
A new study by researchers at the University of Texas at Austin aims to find a balance between protecting society from flooding and preserving environmental and cultural viability in urban river deltas. The tool uses a cost-benefit model to examine how to balance natural function with societal desire for landscape stability.
Research found that patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) had twice as long hospital stays and double the total health care costs compared to those receiving standard care. Delivering ECT in outpatient settings may make treatment more cost-effective.
Researchers found that frugal consumers categorize purchases as necessities versus luxuries to rationalize impulsive responses to deep discounts. Frugal individuals tend to increase their perception of need for a product after a discount offer, leading to increased purchase intentions.
Agricultural economist Thomas Daum argues that farm robots could lead to a utopian future with rich fields, diverse crops, and conservation of biodiversity. In contrast, large, tractor-like robots could result in a dystopian scenario with environmental degradation.
A global study found that certain countries perform significantly better than their neighbors in the effectiveness of their protected areas. The research estimated that overall, protected areas established between 2000-2012 prevented 86,062 square kilometers of forest loss.
Coastal ecosystems worldwide are estimated to have a significant impact on the global economy, with countries like Australia and Indonesia storing large amounts of carbon. The study found that these countries generate annual welfare gains of around $26.4 billion from reduced climate change costs, while other nations like India and Chin...
A new study from the University of California, Davis, found that France's Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) system led to a significant increase in market value for French wines. The AOC system created production standards and mandatory tasting requirements, allowing wine growers to improve quality and be rewarded for it.
A Cornell University-led team projects that vehicle electrification, driverless cars, and ride sharing could prevent 5,500 premature deaths and save $58 billion annually in the US by 2050. The study also finds that vehicle electrification is the most important piece for carbon mitigations and health benefits.
Researchers will analyze and map environmental, social, and economic factors that impact cancer diagnosis in a regional patient data set. The study aims to identify correlations between potential causes and common types of cancer in the region.
A new study developed a conceptual model to understand the relationship between policing and population health, highlighting factors like community characteristics and policy that affect health outcomes. The research suggests that policing practices can have far-reaching impacts on mental, physical, social, and structural wellbeing.
Researchers found that combining personalized goals with a game and financial incentives increased veterans' daily step counts by an average of 1,224. However, progress was short-lived, as neither group sustained their gains after the intervention period ended.
The Center for Research toward Advancing Financial Technologies, CRAFT, brings together industry and academic partners to conduct high-impact research in fintech. Initial research areas focus on cybersecurity, blockchain, AI, and machine learning, aiming to drive innovation and address challenges facing the financial services industry.
A new study finds that electoral districts with a larger gender pay gap tend to have fewer female candidates, as voters' biases against women candidates can lead to lower vote shares. The Parity Law has had limited impact in reducing this disparity, with parties strategically allocating female candidates to less competitive districts.
The monograph Migration Culture: A Comparative Perspective offers a new approach to understanding migration by analyzing the cultural and value differences between migrants and locals. Key findings include that migrants prioritize self-direction over security, and that values tend not to change rapidly in emigration.
A new study finds that the decline of US landfills and state bans on organic waste disposal have created a need for alternative pathways for food waste. Researchers evaluated five options, including anaerobic digestion, composting, incineration, and hydrothermal liquefaction.
A new study found that racial wage discrimination against black English football players disappeared after the Bosman ruling introduced a free transfer market, increasing labour mobility. However, non-EU players still face wage discrimination due to restrictive contracting rules and prejudice from clubs.
The article emphasizes the importance of integrating different disciplines and stakeholders in conservation efforts. Key findings include the need for increased funding and expert guidance for transdisciplinary research, as well as the benefits of such approaches, including improved data quality and innovation.
A family planning program in Bangladesh from 1977 to 2012 showed significant differences in lifetime contraceptive behavior and fertility among women. Women who participated in the program experienced increased body mass index compared to non-participants, particularly those born between 1950 and 1961.
The employment-to-population ratio for working-age people with disabilities increased from 30.4 percent in May to 31.5 percent in June 2021, nearing pre-pandemic levels. The labor force participation rate also showed a significant increase, reaching its highest level since July 2009.
Research from Penn Medicine finds that women-authored articles are cited fewer times than their male counterparts, with median citations ranging from 33 for primary authors to 59 for senior authors. This disparity reinforces existing barriers to career advancement for female academics.
Researchers found that pollution reductions contributed to a 20% increase in yield gains for corn and soybeans between 1999 and 2019, worth $5 billion per year. The analysis revealed that four key air pollutants are particularly damaging to crops, with negative effects averaging 5-6% loss of production.
A study by Research Institute for Sustainability reveals that barriers to reducing plastic packaging consumption include habits, lack of knowledge, hygiene concerns, and economic factors. To achieve zero-waste shopping, cultural and infrastructural changes are necessary, including making alternative options more affordable and convenient.
A Yale University study found that direct deposit of wages into female-owned bank accounts increased labor force participation and earnings among Indian women. The intervention also liberalized their personal beliefs about working women, reducing social stigma associated with working outside the home.
A new study by University of Washington researchers estimates that a record-breaking lifespan of 125-130 years is possible by 2100. The study uses Bayesian statistics to analyze data from the International Database on Longevity and predicts that the world record for the oldest person will be broken.
The study analyzed two million parliamentary speeches in the UK and Ireland, finding that politicians use emotive language more in high-profile debates like PMQs to attract a wider audience. In low-profile debates, emotional rhetoric is less pronounced as politicians mostly address colleagues.
A new study reveals a cost-effective method to produce biodegradable plastics from corn stubble, grasses, and mesquite, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuel-based plastics. This breakthrough enables the creation of eco-friendly bioplastics that can replace conventional plastics in various industries.
A mutation in the C9orf72 gene may disrupt communication between motor neurons and muscles in ALS patients, leading to motor disorders, muscle atrophy, and mortality. The study reveals that the loss of function induced by the mutation affects synaptic transmission and protein TDP-43's location within the cell.
A new study suggests that governments must fundamentally change their economic systems to provide decent living standards for all while cutting global average energy use in half. Improving public services, reducing income disparities, and scaling back resource extraction are key strategies.
A University of Arkansas researcher found that employed individuals are 35.3% more likely to be infected with the flu virus. The study considered individual characteristics and occupation-specific human exposure and interaction at work as potential mechanisms for contagion.
Wayne State University has been awarded a $1.29 million NIH grant to purchase a new mass spectrometer for biomedical research, enhancing protein analysis and disease understanding. The instrument will also aid in training students and promoting local product development.
Research by Ted Loch-Temzelides finds that fungal networks resemble competitive markets, where resources are allocated to maximum benefit. This understanding could aid in mitigating climate change by optimizing carbon storage in soils.
Researchers at the Faraday Institution have developed a faster and greener technique to recycle lithium-ion battery materials, achieving higher purity and value. The new method uses ultrasonic delamination to separate valuable materials from electrodes, reducing energy consumption and environmental impact.
A team of researchers discovered a novel barley protein, HvMADS1, that regulates flower production in response to high temperatures. The study found that introducing a genetic modification to the protein can convert an unbranched spike into a branched structure with more flowers, potentially increasing grain production.
The 6G Life research hub aims to strengthen Germany's digital sovereignty by developing key technologies and collaborating with industry. It will also address ethical issues and ensure the transition is accompanied by societal concerns.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have developed a new method to recycle electric vehicle batteries using ultrasonic waves, which separates valuable materials from electrodes more efficiently. The technique recovers around 80% of original material in a purer state than current methods, making it faster and greener.
A new case study reveals how Syrian refugees in the Za'atari camp leveraged social capital to create informal economic systems, improving their quality of life. The study dispels the notion of refugees as passive aid recipients, instead asserting a refugee camp as a society with complex social systems.
Researchers have been exploring the use of drones in insect pest management, with new technologies being developed to detect and control mosquito populations and crop-damaging insects. The Entomological Society of America has published a special collection showcasing the potential of drone technology in this field.
A conclusive narrative review found physical punishment of children is not effective in preventing child behavior problems, but instead predicts increases in behavior problems over time. The study's authors recommend countries end the use of all types of physical punishment on children to protect their development and well-being.
The study suggests that revenues from emissions pricing should be distributed according to historical emissions, providing the greatest leeway for a consensual ambitious climate policy. This design can help overcome obstacles such as differing country sizes and wealth, ultimately strengthening EU climate policy.
A new study published in the Journal of the Association for Consumer Research posits that increased accessibility to anthropomorphized luck can lead consumers to pursue higher-risk financial behavior. The authors suggest that preferences for riskier options are driven by shared risk perceptions that may engender feelings of security.
A new study from Ohio State University found that Americans consistently overestimate the chances of Black Americans moving up the economic ladder, with a 16% difference compared to actual likelihood. Recognizing racial disparities helps people calibrate their beliefs.
A new study by Iowa State University found that small Iowa towns have significantly higher environmental exposures than state averages, including diesel, air toxins, and lead paint. These risks disproportionately affect vulnerable populations such as minority status, low-income, and linguistic isolation.
Research reveals how shadow banks invested in ways that extract profit from frontline workers, struggling companies, and distressed sectors during the pandemic. The study found that shadow banks profited by investing in both booming and struggling sectors, exacerbating economic and social inequality.
Researchers analyzed over 900 patents to identify key technological trends in the New Space economy. The study found that data is the most valuable asset in this ecosystem, with 62% of patents related to data products and services. Emerging topics include active constellation management and new satellite systems design.
A new framework analyzes dishonest end-of-life electronics management and finds that making recycling more profitable is key to preventing fraudulent practices. The researchers suggest targeted subsidies, higher penalties, and blockchain-based supervision as potential solutions.
A new study published in PNAS predicts that changes in farming practices could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from grain production by up to 70% within the next 15 years. The study identifies a combination of technological innovations, including digital agriculture, crop genetics, and electrification, as key drivers of this reduction.
A recent study found that urban green spaces, including parks and gardens, have a positive correlation with citizen happiness. The study analyzed data from satellite images of 60 countries and found that the area of green space acted as a more important factor affecting happiness in countries with higher GDP per capita.
The Stanford Natural Capital Project has developed Urban InVEST software to visualize the links between nature and human wellbeing. The software helps city planners and developers design cities that maximize benefits to people while saving billions of dollars.
A UC Davis study analyzing 7 decades of election results shows women are just as likely to persist in politics after losing elections as men. Despite initial predictions of 'sore losers,' researchers found no significant differences in candidates' responses to losses by gender.
The university will support approximately 20 undergraduate students annually in a structured academic community with career development activities and individualized mentoring to prepare them for Ph.D. and M.D./Ph.D. programs in the biomedical sciences.
Research finds that when service industry employees are financially dependent on customer tips and required to project a positive attitude, they're more likely to experience sexual harassment. The study suggests that reducing dependence on tips or relaxing emotional expectations can help mitigate this issue.
The phase III trial found that adding an immune checkpoint inhibitor to anti-HER2 treatment in breast cancer does not improve pathological complete response rates. The study enrolled 454 patients with high-risk HER2-positive early breast cancer and evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant atezolizumab versus placebo.
Two University of Arkansas researchers will study how carbon-dioxide ice pits in Mars' polar caps have formed and evolved over time. They aim to better understand the seasonal and long-term cycles of these ice pits and their impact on Martian atmospheric dynamics.