Articles tagged with Research Funding
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A low-cost antiseptic solution significantly reduced postpartum infectious problems in both mothers and babies, resulting in a three-fold reduction in infant deaths related to sepsis. The solution, 0.25 percent chlorhexidine in sterile water, was applied at each vaginal examination before delivery and to babies after birth.
Researchers found that people with porphyria, a group of disorders causing chemicals to accumulate in the body, have low vitamin C levels in their blood. Increasing dietary levels of vitamin C may help prevent porphyrin accumulation and skin damage.
The team, led by Gregory L. Snider, has successfully demonstrated a transistorless approach to computing using quantum dots. This technology could lead to the development of smaller, faster, and more powerful computers with increased storage capacity, potentially replacing conventional microelectronic devices.
A Weizmann Institute study suggests that master-key antibodies interact with proline on proteins and protein fragments to escort them out of the body. This research provides scientific basis for theory that these antibodies may remove broad range of unneeded proteins without affecting beneficial ones.
A UB researcher is conducting a four-year study on how temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet light impact the transport of persistent organic pollutants through the atmosphere. The project aims to understand how plants contribute to the global distribution of toxic chemicals.
A research network will investigate how adolescent development influences juvenile law, focusing on competence assessment, risk factors for future crime, and treatment amenability. The goal is to make informed decisions regarding young offenders in the juvenile justice system.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a method to measure interior temperatures of food using magnetic particles, enabling safer and more efficient aseptic processing of solid-liquid foods. This technology has the potential to increase nutritional value, flavor, and reduce energy consumption in food packaging.
University of Delaware scientists have discovered that firefly larvae use light signals to ward off predators, rather than coloration. The research suggests an aposematic display, warning predators of an unappetizing meal.
The Johns Hopkins University team used the Midcourse Space Experiment satellite to create a wide-angle ultraviolet image of dust surrounding a star-forming region, M42. The image offers insights into star birth and galaxy properties, with potential to learn about the cycle of star formation, death, and rebirth.
The Unified Data Meta Model (UDMM) integrates CAD, CAPP, and MRP systems to enable efficient data transfer between them, reducing production time and costs. This integration allows industrial engineers to work more efficiently throughout the manufacturing process.
Researchers have synthesized two protein fragments that effectively immunize mice against lupus. These findings may lead to more focused treatments with fewer side effects.
A recent NIH study suggests that a significant number of people, particularly those with a specific genetic variant, may require increased folate intake to compensate for their genetic deficiency. This finding has implications for the recommended daily allowance and may lead to reviews of dietary reference values.
A Carnegie Mellon robot, 'Nomad', will traverse 125 miles in the Atacama Desert, exploring navigation, geology and remote operations. The robot can be teleoperated by science center visitors, offering real-time data and visualization.
Researchers at the University of California, Davis have identified a key gene involved in fruit ripening, which could lead to genetically engineered tomatoes with improved shelf life. The LeExp1 gene produces expansin proteins that loosen plant cell walls, allowing cells to elongate during growth.
The discovery contradicts the 'sulfate paradigm' which suggested sulfates offset the cooling effect of greenhouse gases. New findings indicate a potential increase in global warming due to absorbing solar radiation, not reflecting it like sulfates.
Researchers have discovered that relaxor ferroelectrics can deform 10 times more under high voltage, making them ideal for medical ultrasound devices and potentially leading to breakthroughs in piezoelectric technology
Children recognize differential treatment in 35% of situations and judge it as fair 75% of the time. Older siblings tend to view their parents' actions on younger kids as justified, leading to higher levels of warmth and closeness with siblings.
Preeclampsia occurs when cytotrophoblasts fail to invade the uterine wall and mimic blood vessel cells, leading to high blood pressure and potential complications. Early detection through testing could save lives and prevent birth defects.
The Smart Start program has seen significant improvements in child care quality, with a 7% increase in evaluation scores and 11% more centers meeting good standards. The study found that child care quality is related to Smart Start efforts and that the level of quality is improving over time.
Researchers have developed microporous ceramic materials that can remove extremely fine particles from indoor air and water. These materials offer a durable, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional technologies, such as incineration.
Researchers at the University of Washington have discovered a potential new target for therapeutic drugs to treat hepatitis C. The study found that a protein called NS5A can bind to and inactivate a key component of interferon response, PKR. This could lead to the development of a new treatment for the disease.
Researchers found that 15% of obese people carry antibodies to Ad-36, a virus known to induce obesity in animals. Antibody-positive individuals had lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels than antibody-negative counterparts.
The National Science Board has approved new criteria for evaluating funding proposals, clearing the way for the first change in NSF's merit review process since 1981. The new criteria aim to better reflect the agency's strategic plan and incorporate feedback from the science and engineering community.
A study by UC Davis researchers found that protein-deprived diet reduces life expectancy in both male and female Medflies, but females are harder hit. This reversal of the natural lifespan advantage suggests a vulnerable window of time for females during reproduction.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill are investigating soybean component genistein's potential to prevent and treat cancer. The study aims to determine safe doses and treatment efficacy in humans, building on existing evidence from Japanese diets rich in soybeans.
A ring-like molecule mimicking thymine's shape was inserted into DNA without hydrogen bonds, yet still accurately paired with adenine. This finding questions decades of dogma and suggests base shape is crucial for accurate DNA replication.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute demonstrate that water is formed in interstellar clouds through a reaction involving hydronium. The experiment, conducted at an ion storage ring, shows a permanent ratio between water and hydronium molecules.
A study by University of Illinois professors reveals that graduate education programs often prioritize competitiveness over collaborative team efforts and ethical values. The research highlights the need for standardized methods to assess mentoring quality and emphasizes the importance of teaching general scientific ethics.
Research shows that training is essential for overcoming fears about using automatic teller machines (ATMs) among older adults. Studies have found that non-users are willing to try ATMs if shown proper usage, and hands-on training improves success rates. Banks can benefit by making ATMs more personal, interactive, and secure.
A University of Washington study links hormone replacement therapy to an increased risk of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among women. Researchers discovered that post-menopausal women using hormone replacement therapy were over 70% more likely to suffer from TMD, while those taking oral contraceptives also showed a 20% higher risk.
Researchers found that Bcl-xL protein can insert itself into artificial membranes, allowing ions to pass through normally impermeable barriers. This discovery suggests a potential lead on how these proteins regulate cell survival and coordinate cellular activities.
Researchers identified a chromosome 8 gene linked to human epilepsy and migraines, also affecting mice with similar traits. The study suggests a potential cure or prevention method for these diseases.
Research funded by NSF seeks to improve jury decision-making in capital cases, where jurors may not fully comprehend instructions and legal definitions. Researchers aim to develop modifications to court procedures to help jurors make decisions more consistent with the law.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed an electronic notebook prototype that allows scientists to record and share ideas, experiments, and results. The notebook offers features like multimedia input, secure data storage, and collaborative capabilities, which are expected to increase its popularity among researchers.
A recent study reveals that in 24 out of 28 cases involving Americans released from prison based on DNA evidence, eyewitnesses made false identifications from photo spreads and lineups. New research is helping to understand the circumstances leading to these errors and find ways to reduce their occurrences.
Scientists have discovered a basic gene-for-gene resistance mechanism in plants, triggered by the interaction of proteins produced by both a resistance gene and an avirulence gene in the disease-causing microorganism. This finding has wide application for understanding how plants identify and resist diverse pathogens.
Scientists confirmed decades-old notion that plant disease resistance is linked to protein interaction between a plant's resistance gene and a pathogen's avirulence gene. The discovery may lead to genetically engineered disease-resistant crops, as researchers suspect the mechanism occurs in many other plants.
A Duke University study found that elderly patients treated for a heart attack by a cardiologist had a 12% lower chance of dying compared to those treated by a primary care physician. The researchers suggest that this difference in outcomes is due to the specialized training and focus on heart disease of cardiologists.
A team of scientists has assembled evidence on rocks and rock formations deep beneath the surface to locate an ancient strike-slip fault. If successful, this will provide opportunities to study geological processes in the lower crust during strike-slip faulting.
Three studies show that stressful life events can lead to positive outcomes, such as improved mastery levels and reduced depressive symptoms. Most people perceive continuity across difficult situations and are able to draw upon past experiences to cope with current problems.
Researchers found that a left-handed woman's writing ability was controlled solely by her right hemisphere, separate from her reading and speaking abilities. This discovery provides evidence that human brains have adapted older operations for written language.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a fast measurement technique that sheds light on the early stages of protein folding. The initial steps of helix formation occur within several hundred nanoseconds, and the entire collapse to a compact structure appears nearly complete after just a few microseconds.
A multinational team of researchers, led by Syracuse University's K. Douglas Nelson, has discovered a partially molten crust beneath the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau using seismic reflection and other techniques. This finding challenges traditional views of plate tectonics and may explain the flatness of the Tibetan Plateau.
A new company in Florida plans to introduce its revolutionary wheelchair, powered by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORN L) innovative technology. The TransRovr features omnidirectional movement and a three-piece modular construction, allowing for enhanced ergonomics and convenience.
Researchers use extreme X-ray power to 'movie' myoglobin protein, resolving decades-old structure-function riddle. This breakthrough enables drug developers to design better drugs by understanding dynamic molecular interactions.
Research suggests postmature infants exhibit increased tremors and difficulty calming down after consuming sugar solution, a potential indicator of altered opioid pathways. The study aims to understand the long-term effects of Clifford's syndrome on infant development and behavior.
Researchers at Kansas State University have developed a plant-based bioremediation process that uses vegetation to clean up hazardous chemicals from contaminated sites. This method is cheaper than traditional methods, with estimated annual costs of $15,000 compared to $4 million, and can remove up to 10 pounds per acre daily.
A Cornell University scholar reexamines the Nuremberg Medical Trial, highlighting the use of a fictional report to justify medical research on US prisoners. The paper also critiques Andrew Ivy's testimony at the trial and its implications for the field of medical ethics.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have visualized the first image of a membrane-spanning molecule thought to transport proteins across cell membranes. The study reveals a dynamic structure that appears and disappears on demand, with the channel opening in two dimensions for different protein types.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University have developed a rechargeable, all-plastic battery that can operate in extreme temperatures and has potential for small consumer devices. The battery's unique design allows for flexibility and adaptability, making it suitable for various applications including space satellites.
Researchers discovered a genetic basis for the hormonal mechanism regulating drone development in male honey bees, which accelerates their growth and allows them to mature early. The findings provide evolutionary insight into the mechanisms controlling worker bee behavior and could lead to new tools for brain research.
Researchers at Scripps have discovered a previously unknown relationship between a protein in eggs and a protein on white blood cells, potentially leading to new treatments for leukemia. The protein structure reveals a molecular cavity that can be modified to alter signal transmission and eliminate leukemia cells.
Penn State researchers are searching coal mines for fossil meteorites that fell over two million years ago. They use tramp-iron magnets to find ancient iron meteorites, which could provide valuable information about the solar system in the distant past.
The National Science Foundation has funded eight research projects to develop petaflop computers, which would be a thousand times faster than current computers. The goal is to enable applications such as real-time nuclear imaging, computer-based drug design, and astrophysical simulations.
Recent dinoflagellate blooms in the Chesapeake Bay have caused significant fish kills, with some species known to be highly toxic. The phantom dinoflagellate, Pfiesteria piscicida, has been identified as a potential threat to both human and aquatic health.
A year-long study found that implantable insulin pumps effectively controlled blood glucose levels, reduced fluctuations in blood glucose, and mild hypoglycemia by 68% compared to daily injections. The pump also eliminated weight gain associated with injections and improved patients' quality of life.
Researchers have developed a powerful tool to study gene expression by harnessing the glow of green fluorescent protein (GFP) from a Pacific Northwest jellyfish. By altering the protein's structure, scientists can now track two proteins simultaneously and determine if genes are activated at the same time.
Scientists have discovered a unique organelle-like structure, dubbed the dumposome, which breaks down 15-20% of an organism's DNA during reproduction. This process is thought to be essential for streamlining genetic material and may be more common in other organisms than previously thought.
A team of astronomers observed extremely rapid bursts of high-energy gamma rays from a distant galaxy, challenging current theoretical models. The bursts were extremely rapid, occurring in under half an hour, while previous flares occurred over days or minutes.
Researchers are conducting studies on wind load, wind engineering meteorology, and wind flow around low-rise buildings. Computer programs have been developed to calculate direct/indirect costs of natural hazard disasters. The goal is to mitigate damage caused by hurricanes and other severe weather events.