Articles tagged with Science Policy
A research team finds that local community members are indispensable partners in enhancing community engagement in repairing damaged ecosystems. Local values and attitudes play a crucial role in promoting sustainable ecosystem management practices.
This study found that research globalization has led to a decline in the efficiency of producing Nobel Prize-level topics since 2000. The standardization of research topics has reduced this efficiency, suggesting that globalization drives homogenization. Japan can inform its research policy based on these findings.
A new study by Annenberg Public Policy Center researchers finds that science-consistent beliefs about climate change's public health effects predict support for climate policies. The study controlled for belief in climate change's existence and cause, highlighting the importance of grounded knowledge in promoting climate action.
The widespread adoption of high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) threatens the international system of controls preventing nuclear weapons proliferation for over 30 years. HALEU's high enrichment levels pose significant security risks, making it possible for a single reactor to contain enough material for a nuclear weapon.
A new study in JCOM monitored changes in university communication within the German landscape six months after the launch of ChatGPT 3. Practically all responding universities use generative AIs mainly to increase process efficiency, with some caution towards ethical aspects such as data protection.
Experts from 39 countries and over 300 delegates gathered to discuss the importance of robust knowledge in policy-making, particularly in times of crisis. The conference highlighted the need for inclusive approaches to science advice and diplomacy to address local-to-global challenges.
A group of 350 scientists from over 60 countries call for a legally binding global treaty to prohibit the production of hazardous plastics chemicals and adopt science-based approaches. They advocate for an independent scientific body with robust conflict of interest policy and regional representation.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science presents a roadmap for tribal renewable energy development and implementation. The plan aims to address historical injustices by providing technical assistance and workforce development opportunities, while ensuring justice integration throughout agency programs.
A study from Colorado State University explores how human activity is altering the atmospheric water cycle, leading to changes in precipitation distribution and cloud formation. The research uses science fiction narratives to imagine possible futures and spark conversations around water management policies.
A new approach to K-12 mathematics education in the U.S. proposes a modular curriculum that preserves mathematical pathways and possibilities for all students, regardless of STEM orientation. This approach aims to resolve the 'equity versus excellence' conflict and provide richer learning opportunities for children.
Direct-to-consumer microbiome testing lacks analytical and clinical validity, according to a Policy Forum article by Diane Hoffman et al. The industry's claims are not substantiated by research, putting consumers at risk of financial exploitation or harm from misinterpreted test results.
Global biodiversity change indicators show deepwater sharks and rays are highly sensitive to overexploitation, with one-third targeted for fishing and half threatened with extinction. Implementing worldwide depth limits and no-fishing areas could enhance protection if paired with international regulations.
A recent survey found that less than half of the U.S. public trusts scientists to overcome human and political biases. Despite high confidence in science overall, many question whether scientists live up to their values. The study highlights the need for trust to be earned through the scientific enterprise's efforts.
The EU-funded BiCIKL project has developed a flagship outcome - the Biodiversity Knowledge Hub - a one-stop portal for understanding biodiversity research infrastructures. The consortium has also created 12 services dedicated to FAIR and linked ready-to-use biodiversity data.
A new paper argues that LLMs can interpret and analyze neuroscientific data, unlocking new insights and potential treatments. Lead author Danilo Bzdok suggests that scientists may not always fully understand the mechanism behind biological processes discovered by LLMs.
A new study published in JAMA highlights the need for federal regulations that prioritize patient outcomes when it comes to AI-powered tools in healthcare. The researchers argue that AI products in healthcare do not universally undergo evaluation for potential harm or benefit to patients, and propose a revision to the White House Execu...
The American College of Radiology has issued a joint statement with four other radiology societies to address the development and use of AI tools in radiology. The statement emphasizes the need for increased monitoring of AI utility and safety, advocating for collaboration among developers, clinicians, purchasers, and regulators.
A study found that the No Surprises Act's independent dispute resolution (IDR) process would be financially unfeasible for a large portion of out-of-network claims for hospital-based specialties, particularly radiologists. This could undermine patient access to in-network care due to limited bargaining power.
The American Meteorological Society's Presidential Forum will discuss how to overcome barriers limiting the use of climate science. The event aims to advance society's acceptance and use of climate science, amidst misinformation and disinformation campaigns.
Global biodiversity data reflects social and political inequities, influencing conservation policies. Human histories and processes are embedded in the data, highlighting the need for corrected policies to mitigate inequities.
The Einstein Foundation Award recognizes efforts to improve research quality and promote credible scientific work. The award is presented in three categories to individual researchers, institutions, and early career researchers.
The Fifth National Climate Assessment (NCA5) was published today, with AGU congratulating its contributors. The assessment reports on record global temperatures, wildfires, droughts, and flooding disasters aggravated by human-driven climate change.
A team of international scientists cautions that reliance on mechanical cleanup devices to address plastic pollution is ineffective and may even harm marine life. They argue that reducing plastic production and consumption is the most cost-effective way to prevent further pollution.
A new report highlights Africa's deteriorating air quality, with particulate matter concentration levels five to ten times the World Health Organisation's recommended level. The researchers call for collective efforts, regionally tailored solutions, and global collaboration to tackle this issue.
A new study reveals that consumers place a higher value on products from circular economies due to the concept of psychological ownership. This finding suggests that businesses and policymakers can align strategies with consumer values to promote sustainable initiatives.
Researchers find that halting deforestation and restoring native vegetation are critical for Brazil to achieve its 2050 net zero goal. The study suggests that nature-based solutions can mitigate nearly 80% of Brazil's net zero pledge and reduce carbon emissions by 781 million tons per year.
The article outlines four governance reforms to strengthen SDG implementation, including differentiation, dynamization, legalization, and institutionalization. These reforms aim to increase ambition and effectiveness of the goals beyond 2030.
A study of 100 large businesses reveals a lack of transparency in reporting on ecosystem restoration efforts. Despite claiming to carry out restoration projects, many companies fail to report details such as project size, financial information, and ecological outcomes.
A study found that distributing small amounts of funding to a large number of researchers generates more new results and innovations than concentrating funds on a few excellent researchers. Research funding above 50 million yen leads to stagnant results, highlighting the importance of efficient allocation strategies.
A new essay highlights how news stories about healthcare workers during COVID-19 often left out crucial socioeconomic and environmental contexts, which can impact consumer thoughts and responses. By introducing a public health framework, experts aim to broaden storytelling and reframed scientific information dissemination.
A new analysis reveals that emission reductions from REDD+ programs have been overestimated, with most projects failing to significantly reduce deforestation. The study found that only a subset of projects have made substantial contributions to climate change mitigation, and many more credits are available than their actual value.
A new US Securities and Exchange Commission proposal could unveil substantial corporate carbon damages due to varying industrial compositions across countries. The top four industries account for 89% of global damages, with energy-intensive sectors contributing the most.
A Dartmouth-led study reveals the devastating impact of gold and mineral mining on tropical rivers worldwide. Mining operations have doubled suspended sediment concentrations at 80% of affected rivers, altering river ecosystems and threatening human health.
UK researchers have developed an evidence-based action plan to address the substantial under-representation of PhD students from ethnic minority backgrounds in postgraduate science studies. The study highlights three areas for improvement: student-facing improvements, admissions procedures, and evaluation processes.
A University of Missouri study reveals that being asked to weigh during a doctor's visit negatively affects female patients' emotions and self-esteem. Researchers advocate for policy changes to educate patients about their rights and promote weight-inclusive healthcare.
Lacking Medicare coverage for screening CTC may contribute to greater income-based differences in its use compared to other recommended screening strategies or diagnostic CTC. Medicare coverage of CTC could reduce income-based disparities for individuals avoiding optical colonoscopy due to invasiveness or complication risk.
A new dynamic systems model supports low-carbon transitions by analyzing local stability and formulating effective policy strategies. The model aligns with Agent-Based Models, enabling policymakers to make informed choices and align national policies with sustainable development goals.
Research on pregnant individuals faces challenges due to restrictive abortion laws, which can expose participants to health risks or compromise informed consent. Researchers must consider provisions for safe abortion access and explicit informed consent documents to advance scientific knowledge.
Researchers warn of growing adverse impacts of light pollution on plants, animals, and entire ecosystems. Light pollution causes habitat loss, disrupts food webs, and declines insect populations.
Expert authors suggest a holistic approach to understanding compliance, considering legal and institutional aspects to generate trust among member states. They argue against one-size-fits-all solutions and formal sanctioning power, proposing a more nuanced approach to ensure effective pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response.
Researchers propose a four-step process for guiding the use of ChatGPT in education, identifying desired outcomes, determining automation levels, ensuring ethical considerations, and evaluating effectiveness. The study finds that ChatGPT can improve teaching models, assessment systems, and student learning experiences.
A Pharmacy PhD student from the University of Huddersfield has won a prestigious award to present her research on how community pharmacies can contribute to preventing suicide in low and middle-income countries, particularly in Nigeria. She aims to raise awareness of suicide and train pharmacists to recognize signs and risk factors.
A study of 5302 patients found no significant difference in bleeding events between those temporarily discontinuing and maintaining antithrombotic therapy during image-guided breast biopsies. The findings support the safety of continuing antithrombotic therapy, but counsel patients on bruising risk.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that bypassing misinformation, rather than directly addressing it, can be an effective way to change people's minds. By focusing on positive facts and conclusions, individuals can be persuaded without feeling attacked or contradicted.
The American Association of Science recommends that US universities develop a risk management framework for collaborations with China. This approach outlines clear lines that will not be crossed in collaborations, including avoiding training or research with China's military or defense universities.
A two-day workshop hosted by PPPL discussed the risks and benefits of fusion energy, including concerns about nuclear proliferation and energy justice. Experts emphasized the need for open discussion and regulation to ensure safe and equitable deployment of fusion power.
A study by Carnegie Mellon researchers found that about 10% of US pipeline compressor stations are electric, making them vulnerable to electric outages. Electric outages could force a loss greater than 2 gigawatts of downstream gas generators, causing significant reductions in available gas.
The latest issue of PLOS Biology features a special collection on biology-based solutions to reduce plastic pollution, carbon dioxide emissions, and produce food or energy more sustainably. Insect enzymes may degrade plastic waste, while photosynthetic algae can capture CO2 produced by industrial applications.
The article provides 12 recommendations to enhance the quality of surveys, including transparency, clarity, and correcting the record. The recommendations aim to address challenges in survey research, such as biased responses and inaccurate forecasts.
A global approach is proposed to integrate natural history museum collections, providing a valuable resource for addressing global issues like invasive species, biodiversity conservation, and climate change. The vast collections held by museums worldwide are becoming increasingly important in policy-relevant research.
Experts call for a legally-binding treaty to govern Earth's orbit, citing the growing threat of satellite debris. With an expected 60,000 satellites in orbit by 2030, scientists warn that large parts of space could become unusable if action is not taken immediately.
A report by Queensland University of Technology highlights the struggle of international experts who warned about COVID-19 airborne transmission in early 2020. The group's warnings were initially rejected by the World Health Organisation, leading to delays in implementing control measures that could have saved lives.
A new approach, CAITE, leverages copyleft licensing and patent trolling to regulate AI development and deployment. The system would enforce ethical terms and conditions on AI products and derivatives.
A nationwide survey found that Americans are more willing to use polygenic embryo selection (PGT-P) than germline gene editing for educational purposes, with high-education individuals under 35 being the most accepting. The study also highlights concerns about potential health and social inequalities.
A new game theory study by Professor Claudius Gros finds that unregulated competition can lead to catastrophic poverty for investors, with profits scaling as 1/N². Cooperation among investors can avoid this damage, resulting in a net profit corresponding to the number of investors.
The NIH-led research response to COVID-19 included the rapid development of mRNA vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as improved diversity in clinical trials. The success of this effort has highlighted the importance of collective effort and continuous investment in basic and applied research.
Researchers summarize key findings from two Reviews on Amazon deforestation and degradation. Human activities are changing ecosystems at unprecedented rates, threatening the planet's carbon and water cycles. Transformative policies are required to address these impacts and reduce economic demands driving deforestation.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences is reorganizing its institutes into four categories to focus on basic research, applied science, and regional development. However, concentrating resources on creating centers of big-science research infrastructure may bring more distinct competitiveness to the CAS.
Farming edible insects could improve food security by reducing resource intensity and increasing protein content. Insects have the potential to replace conventional livestock feed, offering unique nutrients and health benefits for animals, while transforming low-value agricultural waste into high-quality feed.
The study finds China's YTT program successfully recruits and nurtures top-caliber scientists, who outperform peers in publications due to increased team size and funding. The findings suggest policy adjustments are needed to support young scientists.