Articles tagged with Controversy
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new NC State University study reveals that ordinary people can work together to oppose the government's definition of a crisis and show how its actions undermine their American way of life. The study shows that defined as patriotic, common-sense citizens, opponents built a more credible connection to a patriotic American ethos.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have prevented age-related decline in liver function and shown that maintaining efficient protein clearance can help stave off functional losses. The study suggests therapies to boost protein clearance might help maintain healthy lives well into old age.
Researchers Aaron C. Smith and Robert M. Williams successfully reproduced the Rabe-Kindler protocol for synthesizing quinine, a key step in its 'formal' total synthesis. They found that using aluminum powder as a reducing agent was crucial to achieving high yields of quinine.
A study of 2,000 US physicians found that two-thirds believe experiencing illness increases patients' awareness of religion and spirituality issues. Most physicians (85%) believe the influence of religion and spirituality is generally positive, but few think it changes medical outcomes.
Experts Chris Mooney and Matthew Nisbet argue that scientists should apply research on framing and other social sciences to improve their communication skills. By shaping public perception of complex issues, scientists can make knowledge more personally relevant to diverse segments of the public.
A recent study found a possible link between the use of proton pump inhibitors and an increased risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease. The research, published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal, suggests that patients who have been prescribed these medications may be more likely to develop CDAD.
Researchers at Ohio State University have made a groundbreaking discovery on how water molecules interact with proteins, revealing that they slow down to connect with proteins. The study provides an early result in explaining essential biological functions like protein folding and enzyme catalysis.
A Rutgers research team has been awarded a three-year, $599,436 National Science Foundation grant to collaborate with the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey on improving port competitiveness. The project aims to develop tools for analytical group decision-making and improve security at the nation's ports.
The article assesses pension design and policy options, highlighting the importance of effective government and economic growth. Key findings include a problem in financing pensions but not a crisis, and mixed results from different countries' reform experiences.
A study by a Carnegie Mellon professor highlights the use of DNA evidence in exonerating wrongfully convicted individuals. Despite its potential to free the innocent, the use of DNA evidence is hindered by political considerations and legal uncertainties.
The Eisenhower Doctrine marked a significant shift in US involvement in the Middle East, signaling a growing willingness to accept responsibility. The doctrine provided a building block for an American presence in the region, which persists today.
Researchers have established that microsaccades are responsible for driving 80 percent of our visual experience, resolving a scientific debate. This discovery brings new hope to patients who are blind much of the time due to fixational eye movement problems.
Recent developments in depression treatment highlight the effectiveness of antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as mainstay treatments. ECT is particularly recommended for patients presenting with psychotic symptoms, while antidepressants remain a primary choice for most patients due to their widespread availability and ...
Kleinerman's research highlights three key findings: the necessity test, extraordinary circumstances, and the separation of personal feelings from official duty. These lessons are crucial in understanding the proper role of executive power in a constitutional system during crisis situations.
A new book argues that the WTO should prioritize sustainable development and fair trade to contribute to poverty alleviation. Professor Gary Sampson presents policy options that are both ambitious and realistic for governments to adopt.
A HealthGrades study reveals a significant rise in patient-choice C-sections, with rates varying widely across states. The study found that Arizona had the smallest increase, while Nevada saw the largest jump of 56.7%, highlighting the need for awareness and informed decision-making about these procedures.
The current dyslipidemia guidelines have raised controversy due to concerns that they may lead to more people being screened and prescribed statin therapy. The debate centers around the data used in the guidelines and its implications for patient care.
The book Uncertain Vision provides an extraordinary analysis of the BBC during the late 1990s and early 2000s, including its response to government oversight and its pioneering digital platform. It argues that the Birt era's policies led to a decline in creativity and quality of British television.
A Cardiff University study found that British scientists tend to view controversies as events caused by pre-existing dissenters within the community. In contrast, Swedish scientists see controversies as a process and fully-fledged 'mavericks' as the result of disenchanted scientists attacking the community.
Research challenges previous findings on higher hematocrits achieved through epoetin treatment for end-stage renal disease patients. Cotter's analysis suggests that the current spending on Epogen dosages may not be justified, considering the lack of evidence supporting its survival benefits.
Researchers use computer models to simulate the spread of diseases and develop strategies for containment. The models help predict how many people should be vaccinated or treated with antibiotics, providing critical information for public health officials.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has launched a web-based forum on the debate over genetically modified foods, providing a balanced scientific view on related issues. The site features commentaries from top scientists, a glossary of terms, and a model curriculum for teaching genetic modification.
Electronic theses and dissertations are gaining popularity worldwide, with hundreds of thousands of downloads from around 10,000 sites. The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations aims to promote education and research through digital libraries and preservation programs.
A pre-Darwinian tradition of controversy over human origins existed in the US for two decades before Darwin's publication. Notions such as different races having different origins and proto-fundamentalist beliefs about a prehistoric, prebiblical lineage for humans persisted despite Darwin's influence.
The symposium brings together experts to discuss whether it's possible to prevent malaria without harming mosquito diversity. The event follows an online debate about finding cures for drug-resistant forms of the disease.
Doctors face an ethical dilemma when patients request controversial screening tests without adequate scientific evidence. The medical community is divided on the routine use of mammograms in women under 50 and prostate specific antigen tests in men, highlighting the need for informed patient decision-making.