Articles tagged with Decision Making
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study by researchers at the University of York found that smiling images are more easily matched to other images of the same person and distinguished from similar-looking identities. The team's research suggests replacing neutral expressions with open mouth smiles can improve face matching accuracy.
A study by the Center for BrainHealth found that cognitive processes, education, and gender affect financial decision-making. Older adults were more likely to make risky decisions with larger amounts of money, but those with better strategic learning and delayed memory skills were less likely to engage in riskier behavior.
A new decision-making tool called the BE3A score assesses 5 factors to predict improvement in liver function for patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The scoring system will aid physicians in shared decision-making about HCV treatment, particularly for those awaiting liver transplantation.
Researchers found that heightened neural activity biases a person's subjective perception, leading to 'liberal detection bias' and potential 'hallucinations'. The study suggests that spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity shape conscious perception, with implications for our understanding of decision-making and perception.
A recent study published in eNeuro resolves a long-standing issue in decision-making by showing how the brain optimizes speed and accuracy. Researchers found that the brain adjusts signal-to-noise ratio to balance speed and accuracy, shedding light on the neural mechanisms underlying this crucial aspect of human behavior.
The article discusses the ethical implications of genetic testing and the duty to warn family members of hereditary disease risks. Experts argue that patients have a moral obligation to share their genetic information with relatives, citing the principle of rescue as a framework for decision-making.
The brain processes pattern learning in a distinct way compared to probabilistic learning, with different parts of the brain being activated. Participants showed increased activity in the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex when figuring out patterns, indicating a sense of reward and improved learning speed.
A recent study published in the Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology found that high volume gynecologic surgeons have significantly lower complication rates compared to low volume surgeons. This is especially concerning for women undergoing complex surgeries such as hysterectomies and gynecologic cancer treatments.
A recent USGS report combines ecosystem services and adaptive decision-making to aid land managers in making informed decisions. The approach helps weigh development against water quality, balancing benefits and drawbacks of solar energy facilities and regulating migratory waterfowl hunting
Researchers found that people's decisions are influenced by their past judgments to remain consistent with themselves. The study suggests that the brain prioritizes self-consistency over remembering precise details of the past.
A new study published in Personality and Individual Differences found that users of picture-based mobile dating apps like Tinder do not have more casual sex partners than non-users with the same preference. Instead, these apps have become a new way to meet up, with men and women using them differently.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University have proposed a two-fold approach to overcome the computational complexity of multicriteria problems. By re-using search information and using effective global search algorithms, they aim to find multiple compromise options that cannot be improved simultaneously with respect to all partial criteria.
New research finds high job strain associated with increased risk of developing depression and anxiety in middle-aged workers. Workplaces can adopt measures to reduce job strain, including increasing worker control, to prevent up to 14% of common mental illness cases.
A new study published in PNAS found that the brain's ventromedial prefrontal cortex plays a key role in forming expectations underlying effort-based choices. The study used fMRI to model neural computations for effort and reward, revealing a clear role for three brain regions: the vmPFC, dACC, and aI.
Researchers studied rats' performance in a cognitive effort task, finding that brain regions involved in emotional responses and translating emotions into actions play key roles in decision-making. The study's findings have implications for understanding psychiatric disorders associated with defects in decision making.
A study published in The BMJ found that many national recommendations for newborn screening do not assess the key benefits and harms of screening. Effective screening programmes can save lives, while ineffective ones can cause more harm than good. Only 22% of the 276 recommendations were based on evidence from systematic reviews.
A new clinical trial published in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry shows that a computerised test of attention and activity (QbTest) can reduce the time needed to make a diagnostic decision on ADHD, increase the likelihood of excluding ADHD when it is not present, and improve clinicians' confidence in their decision-making. T...
A study published in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience found that people are willing to sacrifice themselves for others, consider victim age, and swerve onto sidewalks to minimize lives lost, contradicting ethically acceptable behavior and political guidelines. Researchers aim to initiate discussions on how self-driving vehicles sho...
A new study at University of Waterloo found that fear of guilt evokes feelings of doubt in decision-making, leading to indecisiveness and repetition in OCD patients. The study's results suggest that addressing this specific factor could improve treatment outcomes for individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Breast cancer screening should be tailored to each woman's risk, considering the benefits and harms of mammography. Experts recommend clinicians engage patients in shared decision-making to determine individualized screening plans.
A new study from Trinity College Dublin found that palliative care significantly improves patient experience by reducing hospital stays and costs. For patients with complex health needs, which often come with high costs, palliative care can expedite discharge and improve outcomes.
A new study found that consumers tend to make choices in a 'boundedly rational' way, relying on predispositions while keeping an open mind to strong evidence. This is particularly true when product quality is ambiguous, such as with generic products versus brand-name alternatives.
Research from Binghamton University found that lonely individuals with low empathy levels are more likely to cheat and return items, while those with high empathy levels exhibit less immoral behavior. Increasing empathy in lonely people can lead to better moral decision making, but has no effect on non-lonely individuals.
A study by the universities of Zurich and Geneva found significant differences in end-of-life decisions across Switzerland's three linguistic regions. In all regions, deaths were preceded by one or more end-of-life decisions, with a common legislative framework governing life-sustaining treatment and assisted suicide. The involvement o...
A new study reveals that judges are just as likely as laypeople to discriminate in decisions involving child custody or workplace discrimination cases related to family caregiving duties. Judges' expertise in family law actually increased their tendency to engage in biased decision-making.
A six-year study by Iowa State University researchers found black doctoral students in STEM fields face structural racism, leading to unfair treatment, isolation and strain. The study highlights the need for diversity in STEM fields to broaden participation and increase representation.
A new design proposes a top-level intelligent dispatch system that incorporates artificial systems and real-world input to find the best way to dispatch power quickly and efficiently. By leveraging historical operation actions and records, the dispatch system can convert human experience into intelligent technical models.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior found that children are often the primary decision maker for school lunches and packed lunches, prioritizing their own enjoyment and food preferences. The study's findings suggest that parents' anxieties and reassurances play a significant role in accommodating ch...
A new study shows that a free web-based decision aid, BRECONDA, reduces decisional conflict and increases satisfaction with information among women considering breast reconstruction. The cost of the decision aid was estimated to be small compared to other healthcare interventions.
A new technique uses satellite data and machine learning to distinguish between corn and soybean fields in Illinois, providing accurate crop type data every two months. The researchers used Landsat satellites and a deep neural network to analyze the data, showing promise for future innovations in agricultural applications.
A University of Waterloo study found that census data can aid in decision-making for small businesses, helping them avoid costly mistakes. By combining public and proprietary data, researchers identified geographic hot spots and cold spots related to consumer spending habits.
A study published in Social Psychological and Personality Science found that judges may be biased against women in sexual discrimination lawsuits and favor mothers in custody cases, even when similar to the general public's views. This bias is linked to traditional gender roles and their influence on court decisions.
A study from Binghamton University reveals that funders on crowdfunding platforms prioritize a seller's reputation and opportunism over their competence in delivering the promised product. As product complexity increases, concerns for the seller's reputation also rise, while concerns over delivery ability decrease.
A new blood test developed by University of Alberta physician Peter Hwang promises to eliminate the guesswork in diagnosing apparent heart attacks. By analyzing fragmented troponin levels, clinicians can better determine the extent of cardiac damage and make informed decisions about treatment options.
A University of Colorado Boulder study shows that cash payments can induce people to conserve nature longer term, even after payments are discontinued. Participants who received cash incentives cut down 48% fewer trees and continued to conserve even after payments stopped.
A randomized controlled trial found that mindfulness meditation training reduced the incidence of major depressive disorder by 11% compared to usual care, while also improving depression symptoms. Additionally, comprehensive asthma management tools improved asthma control and reduced hospital visits in primary care practices.
Despite guideline recommendations, most men with PSA testing do not receive shared decision-making, while those without receive limited discussion elements. The study suggests a modest shift towards full shared decision-making, calling for innovative strategies to increase its application.
A new study finds that many men receiving prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing do not have a comprehensive shared decision making process, contrary to current guidelines. The study found that in both 2010 and 2015, fewer than one in five men with recent PSA testing reported full discussion.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a decision-tree model to predict the NCAA tournament field, achieving 90% accuracy for bubble teams between 2012 and 2016. The model provides a data-driven foundation for selecting tournament teams based on publicized criteria.
Researchers at CU Anschutz Medical Campus found that shared decision-making can lead to better choices in high-stakes treatments. The study used patient decision aids to improve understanding and values-choice agreement, leading to more informed decisions.
Researchers found that children aged 4-11 prioritize physical forces over previous rewards when making decisions. By age 7, functionality information becomes the dominant factor in their decision-making process.
Researchers propose a practical approach to understanding interplay between social and ecological spheres using causal chains. Causal chains can help break cycles of degradation and promote sustainable development goals.
A study found that patients with advanced cancer were less capable of making treatment decisions than healthy adults, but doctors often overestimated their competence. The research suggests a shift in patient-doctor relationships, emphasizing the importance of respecting patient autonomy while ensuring decision-making capacity.
A new report from The Hastings Center proposes a policy analysis framework that aligns governance of emerging technologies with the public's values. The framework incorporates a refined understanding of precaution and emphasizes transparency in value judgments. It also explores new institutions for coordination and public engagement.
A new study at the University at Buffalo aims to measure the effects of PTSD symptoms on attention and cognitive control in police officers. The research, led by Janet Shucard, will examine brain structure and function in police officers using electrophysiological activity and psychological interviews.
A Stanford University study found that even a 1-degree difference between the UN goal and country commitments may increase extreme weather likelihood. The researchers predict a fivefold increase in record-breaking warm nights over Europe and a threefold increase in record-breaking wet days over North America, Europe, and East Asia.
WPI researchers Raghvendra Cowlagi and Alexander Wyglinski combine their expertise in autonomy and wireless communications to create a network that enables self-driving cars to share information about traffic flow, road conditions, and accidents. This allows for safer operation on highways and congested city streets.
The researcher aims to advance natural hazard mitigation by examining local stakeholder networks involved in planning and implementing risk reduction. His project will use a combination of methods, including surveys, interviews, and multivariate regression modeling, to better understand how compassion can be fostered in urban planning.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that most coaches prefer to tie games over risking a potential win to avoid sudden defeat. This phenomenon, known as sudden-death aversion (SDA), reflects a common bias in decision-making that can lead to suboptimal choices.
A recent Princeton University study found that highlighting the pride people will feel if they take pro-environmental actions may be a better way to change environmental behaviors. Participants who were exposed to anticipation of pride consistently reported higher pro-environmental intentions than those exposed to anticipated guilt.
A study of adolescents found that thinner brain cortex regions are associated with more impulsive decision-making. Cortical thickness predicted delay discounting, a measure of impulsivity related to the value of rewards, above cognitive and demographic variables.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a new technique that can detect potential airborne radiological materials in hours, instead of days. This approach uses existing technologies to provide quality information to first responders, allowing them to make informed decisions about evacuating the area.
Experiments suggest that farsightedness is negatively associated with risk-taking and positively associated with choosing increased future rewards. Analysis of over 90 million tweets reveals a connection between future thinking and decision-making.
A new interactive online tool helps breast cancer patients better understand their treatment options, resulting in higher knowledge and preparedness. The tool assesses patients' values and provides a customized bar graphic to guide decision-making.
A new study examines nutrient loss reduction strategies from three upper Midwestern states and finds promise in certain practices like cover crops and bioreactors. The researchers also assess the trackability and stackability of these practices, which will aid decision makers in choosing specific conservation practices to adopt or avoid.
A recent Oregon Research Institute study found that recreational marijuana legalization had no significant effect on the number of youth who used marijuana, but increased the frequency of use among those already using it. The study suggests that community sales policies may not reduce teenage marijuana use and highlights the need for p...
Two new studies will investigate evidence-based decision aids for Alzheimer's disease care and a comprehensive collaborative care program for veterans with TBI or AD and their caregivers. The programs aim to improve quality of life, reduce burden and depression among caregivers.
Research finds brain lesions associated with increased risk of criminal behavior, specifically impacting the moral decision-making network. The study analyzed MRI and CT scans of individuals with brain lesions, revealing a strong correlation between lesions in the same brain network as those with criminal behavior.
Scientists at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam found that averaging all estimates yields significant accuracy gains, especially when considering multiple people. Taking the average of estimates from different individuals is a more effective approach for good decision-making than relying on personal expertise.
Researchers developed a human agent's opinion model to make decisions by aggregating evidence under uncertainty. A small fraction of agents propagating true information can significantly help mitigate false information propagation, making it an important national security problem.