Articles tagged with Decision Making
A new study published in Brain Stimulation reveals that people undergoing voluntary and involuntary electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have similar outcomes, providing reassurance for those who received involuntary treatment. The study found that both groups showed significant improvement, but individuals receiving involuntary ECT were mo...
Computer scientists at Harvard SEAS developed a new algorithm that exponentially speeds up computation by reducing parallel steps required to reach a solution. The algorithm samples directions in parallel and discards low-value directions, enabling real-world summarization processes to be developed at unprecedented scale.
A Portsmouth researcher is developing a mathematical model to speed up the delivery of life-saving blood to victims of disasters, reducing blood wastage and loss of life. The model will inform venue and location for temporary blood donation centres, transportation routes, and quantities delivered.
Research found inbred beetles made bad decisions in response to environmental changes, leading to reduced offspring survival and increased risk of extinction. The study suggests impaired thinking ability may contribute to this poor decision-making.
A study of 230 family SMEs found that involved boards are crucial for innovation, with strategic involvement driving value creation. The researchers highlight the importance of knowledge, competences, and capabilities of board members in promoting entrepreneurial attitudes.
Researchers developed a computational model that found serotonin boosts learning rates in mice, particularly in slow decision-making systems. The study suggests a possible link between serotonin and cognitive behavioral therapy, which is often effective when combined with SSRIs.
Research aims to understand neurochemical basis of decision-making in organisms using limited resources. The project will investigate hormone changes in garter snakes during life phase transitions.
Research shows that anxious individuals exert more cognitive control when making a risky decision, resulting in less risky choices. Higher frontal midline theta power predicts this increased cognitive control and associated risk aversion.
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that most emergency department patients want some degree of involvement in decision making, but will wait for a clinician's invitation. The study recommends clear explanations and avoiding misdiagnosis of patient preferences based on verbal cues.
A recent study found that asking individuals to set up a long-term screening schedule can increase adherence to evidence-based guidelines for cancer screening. In the study, 62.6% of participants made decisions reflecting USPSTF's recommendations when asked to choose a screening schedule for the next 10 years.
A study by the Center for BrainHealth found that cognitive processes, education, and gender affect financial decision-making. Older adults were more likely to make risky decisions with larger amounts of money, but those with better strategic learning and delayed memory skills were less likely to engage in riskier behavior.
A study by researchers at the University of York found that smiling images are more easily matched to other images of the same person and distinguished from similar-looking identities. The team's research suggests replacing neutral expressions with open mouth smiles can improve face matching accuracy.
A new decision-making tool called the BE3A score assesses 5 factors to predict improvement in liver function for patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The scoring system will aid physicians in shared decision-making about HCV treatment, particularly for those awaiting liver transplantation.
Researchers found that heightened neural activity biases a person's subjective perception, leading to 'liberal detection bias' and potential 'hallucinations'. The study suggests that spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity shape conscious perception, with implications for our understanding of decision-making and perception.
A recent study published in eNeuro resolves a long-standing issue in decision-making by showing how the brain optimizes speed and accuracy. Researchers found that the brain adjusts signal-to-noise ratio to balance speed and accuracy, shedding light on the neural mechanisms underlying this crucial aspect of human behavior.
The article discusses the ethical implications of genetic testing and the duty to warn family members of hereditary disease risks. Experts argue that patients have a moral obligation to share their genetic information with relatives, citing the principle of rescue as a framework for decision-making.
The brain processes pattern learning in a distinct way compared to probabilistic learning, with different parts of the brain being activated. Participants showed increased activity in the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex when figuring out patterns, indicating a sense of reward and improved learning speed.
A recent study published in the Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology found that high volume gynecologic surgeons have significantly lower complication rates compared to low volume surgeons. This is especially concerning for women undergoing complex surgeries such as hysterectomies and gynecologic cancer treatments.
A recent USGS report combines ecosystem services and adaptive decision-making to aid land managers in making informed decisions. The approach helps weigh development against water quality, balancing benefits and drawbacks of solar energy facilities and regulating migratory waterfowl hunting
Researchers found that people's decisions are influenced by their past judgments to remain consistent with themselves. The study suggests that the brain prioritizes self-consistency over remembering precise details of the past.
A new study published in Personality and Individual Differences found that users of picture-based mobile dating apps like Tinder do not have more casual sex partners than non-users with the same preference. Instead, these apps have become a new way to meet up, with men and women using them differently.
Researchers at Lobachevsky University have proposed a two-fold approach to overcome the computational complexity of multicriteria problems. By re-using search information and using effective global search algorithms, they aim to find multiple compromise options that cannot be improved simultaneously with respect to all partial criteria.
Researchers studied rats' performance in a cognitive effort task, finding that brain regions involved in emotional responses and translating emotions into actions play key roles in decision-making. The study's findings have implications for understanding psychiatric disorders associated with defects in decision making.
New research finds high job strain associated with increased risk of developing depression and anxiety in middle-aged workers. Workplaces can adopt measures to reduce job strain, including increasing worker control, to prevent up to 14% of common mental illness cases.
A new study published in PNAS found that the brain's ventromedial prefrontal cortex plays a key role in forming expectations underlying effort-based choices. The study used fMRI to model neural computations for effort and reward, revealing a clear role for three brain regions: the vmPFC, dACC, and aI.
A study published in The BMJ found that many national recommendations for newborn screening do not assess the key benefits and harms of screening. Effective screening programmes can save lives, while ineffective ones can cause more harm than good. Only 22% of the 276 recommendations were based on evidence from systematic reviews.
A new clinical trial published in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry shows that a computerised test of attention and activity (QbTest) can reduce the time needed to make a diagnostic decision on ADHD, increase the likelihood of excluding ADHD when it is not present, and improve clinicians' confidence in their decision-making. T...
A study published in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience found that people are willing to sacrifice themselves for others, consider victim age, and swerve onto sidewalks to minimize lives lost, contradicting ethically acceptable behavior and political guidelines. Researchers aim to initiate discussions on how self-driving vehicles sho...
A new study at University of Waterloo found that fear of guilt evokes feelings of doubt in decision-making, leading to indecisiveness and repetition in OCD patients. The study's results suggest that addressing this specific factor could improve treatment outcomes for individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
A new study found that consumers tend to make choices in a 'boundedly rational' way, relying on predispositions while keeping an open mind to strong evidence. This is particularly true when product quality is ambiguous, such as with generic products versus brand-name alternatives.
Breast cancer screening should be tailored to each woman's risk, considering the benefits and harms of mammography. Experts recommend clinicians engage patients in shared decision-making to determine individualized screening plans.
A new study from Trinity College Dublin found that palliative care significantly improves patient experience by reducing hospital stays and costs. For patients with complex health needs, which often come with high costs, palliative care can expedite discharge and improve outcomes.
Research from Binghamton University found that lonely individuals with low empathy levels are more likely to cheat and return items, while those with high empathy levels exhibit less immoral behavior. Increasing empathy in lonely people can lead to better moral decision making, but has no effect on non-lonely individuals.
A study by the universities of Zurich and Geneva found significant differences in end-of-life decisions across Switzerland's three linguistic regions. In all regions, deaths were preceded by one or more end-of-life decisions, with a common legislative framework governing life-sustaining treatment and assisted suicide. The involvement o...
A new study reveals that judges are just as likely as laypeople to discriminate in decisions involving child custody or workplace discrimination cases related to family caregiving duties. Judges' expertise in family law actually increased their tendency to engage in biased decision-making.
A six-year study by Iowa State University researchers found black doctoral students in STEM fields face structural racism, leading to unfair treatment, isolation and strain. The study highlights the need for diversity in STEM fields to broaden participation and increase representation.
A new design proposes a top-level intelligent dispatch system that incorporates artificial systems and real-world input to find the best way to dispatch power quickly and efficiently. By leveraging historical operation actions and records, the dispatch system can convert human experience into intelligent technical models.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior found that children are often the primary decision maker for school lunches and packed lunches, prioritizing their own enjoyment and food preferences. The study's findings suggest that parents' anxieties and reassurances play a significant role in accommodating ch...
A new study shows that a free web-based decision aid, BRECONDA, reduces decisional conflict and increases satisfaction with information among women considering breast reconstruction. The cost of the decision aid was estimated to be small compared to other healthcare interventions.
A new technique uses satellite data and machine learning to distinguish between corn and soybean fields in Illinois, providing accurate crop type data every two months. The researchers used Landsat satellites and a deep neural network to analyze the data, showing promise for future innovations in agricultural applications.
A study published in Social Psychological and Personality Science found that judges may be biased against women in sexual discrimination lawsuits and favor mothers in custody cases, even when similar to the general public's views. This bias is linked to traditional gender roles and their influence on court decisions.
A University of Waterloo study found that census data can aid in decision-making for small businesses, helping them avoid costly mistakes. By combining public and proprietary data, researchers identified geographic hot spots and cold spots related to consumer spending habits.
A study from Binghamton University reveals that funders on crowdfunding platforms prioritize a seller's reputation and opportunism over their competence in delivering the promised product. As product complexity increases, concerns for the seller's reputation also rise, while concerns over delivery ability decrease.
A new blood test developed by University of Alberta physician Peter Hwang promises to eliminate the guesswork in diagnosing apparent heart attacks. By analyzing fragmented troponin levels, clinicians can better determine the extent of cardiac damage and make informed decisions about treatment options.
A University of Colorado Boulder study shows that cash payments can induce people to conserve nature longer term, even after payments are discontinued. Participants who received cash incentives cut down 48% fewer trees and continued to conserve even after payments stopped.
A randomized controlled trial found that mindfulness meditation training reduced the incidence of major depressive disorder by 11% compared to usual care, while also improving depression symptoms. Additionally, comprehensive asthma management tools improved asthma control and reduced hospital visits in primary care practices.
Despite guideline recommendations, most men with PSA testing do not receive shared decision-making, while those without receive limited discussion elements. The study suggests a modest shift towards full shared decision-making, calling for innovative strategies to increase its application.
A new study finds that many men receiving prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing do not have a comprehensive shared decision making process, contrary to current guidelines. The study found that in both 2010 and 2015, fewer than one in five men with recent PSA testing reported full discussion.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a decision-tree model to predict the NCAA tournament field, achieving 90% accuracy for bubble teams between 2012 and 2016. The model provides a data-driven foundation for selecting tournament teams based on publicized criteria.
Researchers at CU Anschutz Medical Campus found that shared decision-making can lead to better choices in high-stakes treatments. The study used patient decision aids to improve understanding and values-choice agreement, leading to more informed decisions.
Researchers found that children aged 4-11 prioritize physical forces over previous rewards when making decisions. By age 7, functionality information becomes the dominant factor in their decision-making process.
Researchers propose a practical approach to understanding interplay between social and ecological spheres using causal chains. Causal chains can help break cycles of degradation and promote sustainable development goals.
A new study at the University at Buffalo aims to measure the effects of PTSD symptoms on attention and cognitive control in police officers. The research, led by Janet Shucard, will examine brain structure and function in police officers using electrophysiological activity and psychological interviews.
A study found that patients with advanced cancer were less capable of making treatment decisions than healthy adults, but doctors often overestimated their competence. The research suggests a shift in patient-doctor relationships, emphasizing the importance of respecting patient autonomy while ensuring decision-making capacity.
A new report from The Hastings Center proposes a policy analysis framework that aligns governance of emerging technologies with the public's values. The framework incorporates a refined understanding of precaution and emphasizes transparency in value judgments. It also explores new institutions for coordination and public engagement.
A Stanford University study found that even a 1-degree difference between the UN goal and country commitments may increase extreme weather likelihood. The researchers predict a fivefold increase in record-breaking warm nights over Europe and a threefold increase in record-breaking wet days over North America, Europe, and East Asia.
WPI researchers Raghvendra Cowlagi and Alexander Wyglinski combine their expertise in autonomy and wireless communications to create a network that enables self-driving cars to share information about traffic flow, road conditions, and accidents. This allows for safer operation on highways and congested city streets.
A recent Princeton University study found that highlighting the pride people will feel if they take pro-environmental actions may be a better way to change environmental behaviors. Participants who were exposed to anticipation of pride consistently reported higher pro-environmental intentions than those exposed to anticipated guilt.
The researcher aims to advance natural hazard mitigation by examining local stakeholder networks involved in planning and implementing risk reduction. His project will use a combination of methods, including surveys, interviews, and multivariate regression modeling, to better understand how compassion can be fostered in urban planning.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that most coaches prefer to tie games over risking a potential win to avoid sudden defeat. This phenomenon, known as sudden-death aversion (SDA), reflects a common bias in decision-making that can lead to suboptimal choices.