Articles tagged with Decision Making
A study of adolescents found that thinner brain cortex regions are associated with more impulsive decision-making. Cortical thickness predicted delay discounting, a measure of impulsivity related to the value of rewards, above cognitive and demographic variables.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a new technique that can detect potential airborne radiological materials in hours, instead of days. This approach uses existing technologies to provide quality information to first responders, allowing them to make informed decisions about evacuating the area.
Experiments suggest that farsightedness is negatively associated with risk-taking and positively associated with choosing increased future rewards. Analysis of over 90 million tweets reveals a connection between future thinking and decision-making.
A new interactive online tool helps breast cancer patients better understand their treatment options, resulting in higher knowledge and preparedness. The tool assesses patients' values and provides a customized bar graphic to guide decision-making.
A new study examines nutrient loss reduction strategies from three upper Midwestern states and finds promise in certain practices like cover crops and bioreactors. The researchers also assess the trackability and stackability of these practices, which will aid decision makers in choosing specific conservation practices to adopt or avoid.
A recent Oregon Research Institute study found that recreational marijuana legalization had no significant effect on the number of youth who used marijuana, but increased the frequency of use among those already using it. The study suggests that community sales policies may not reduce teenage marijuana use and highlights the need for p...
Two new studies will investigate evidence-based decision aids for Alzheimer's disease care and a comprehensive collaborative care program for veterans with TBI or AD and their caregivers. The programs aim to improve quality of life, reduce burden and depression among caregivers.
Research finds brain lesions associated with increased risk of criminal behavior, specifically impacting the moral decision-making network. The study analyzed MRI and CT scans of individuals with brain lesions, revealing a strong correlation between lesions in the same brain network as those with criminal behavior.
Scientists at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam found that averaging all estimates yields significant accuracy gains, especially when considering multiple people. Taking the average of estimates from different individuals is a more effective approach for good decision-making than relying on personal expertise.
Researchers developed a human agent's opinion model to make decisions by aggregating evidence under uncertainty. A small fraction of agents propagating true information can significantly help mitigate false information propagation, making it an important national security problem.
A new IU, Regenstrief study explores predictors and frequency of surrogate decision-maker distress, finding that emotional support is crucial for effective decisions and better psychological outcomes. Surrogate anxiety and depression were found to be prevalent among family members making medical decisions for hospitalized older adults.
Research on early life stress found that high childhood stress was associated with reduced brain activity and poorer risk-taking decisions in a decision-making task. The findings suggest that childhood stress exposure may influence adult decision-making patterns.
Researchers at NIST develop a new approach to testing multilayered, three-dimensional computer chips using microwaves. This method provides real-time insight into material performance and defects, potentially reducing electromigration issues and improving chip stability.
A new study by Claudius Gros highlights the urgent need for governments to reduce their time lag in responding to citizens' wishes. The accelerated pace of opinion formation due to internet and smartphone usage has led to a tipping point, beyond which political systems become unstable.
A recent study found that older adults with four or more chronic conditions are less likely to participate actively in medical decisions. In contrast, those without multiple conditions tend to prefer more active involvement.
Shared decision making among adult Americans increased from 4.4 to 5 between 2002 and 2014. Disparities exist by race/ethnicity and insurance status, but same-race clinician responses improve perceptions.
Researchers found that stressed animals chose high-risk options despite increased costs, and restored normal behavior by manipulating the prefronto-striosome circuit. This study suggests a potential method for treating disorders like depression and addiction.
A special issue in the Harvard Review of Psychiatry explores the intersection of neuroscience and law, highlighting key areas such as addiction, dementia, chronic pain, and behavioral genetics. The research has significant implications for legal proceedings and mental health treatment.
Researchers found that exposure to traumatic calls and lack of control over workload contribute to the psychological distress of emergency call handlers. High stress levels can lead to burnout, sickness, and increased time away from work.
A study by Northwestern University and Harvard University found that shared decision-making between doctors and patients increased 14% from 2002 to 2014, resulting in better-informed patients who opt for fewer marginal treatments.
Research in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience found that challenging situations negatively impact the brain's ability to acquire spatial and sequential context. Participants performed poorly on tests after watching clips of positive, negative, and neutral situations.
Researchers have developed Neuropixels probes, thin silicon devices that record the activity of hundreds of neurons in mice and rats. This technology will allow scientists to understand complex neural networks and potentially lead to new treatments for diseases like depression and Alzheimer's.
Researcher suggests a wide range of animal species exhibit executive control when making decisions, consciously considering their goals and ways to satisfy them. Studies have shown that elephants, chimpanzees, ravens, and lions engage in rational decision-making, remembering specific events, using tools, and solving problems.
The new earthquake forecast, UCERF3, provides self-consistent rupture probabilities from short-term to long-term, including increased likelihood of powerful aftershocks and revised earthquake frequencies. The model also assesses short-term changes in seismic hazard based on earthquake clustering and aftershock excitations.
A new study found that parents who acknowledge their adolescent children's perspectives and encourage them to express themselves have youths with stronger self-worth, intrinsic motivation, and engagement. However, the benefits of autonomy and decision-making differ across cultures.
Researchers found that attractive candidates are perceived as more entitled to good outcomes, leading decision makers to favor unattractive individuals for less desirable jobs. This challenges the common assumption that attractiveness is an advantage in job selection.
WPI scientists creating autonomous snake-like robots to navigate rubble and confined spaces, sending images and information to search-and-rescue teams. The robots will use integrated deformation sensors to control motion and make decisions autonomously.
Statisticians Steve Lund and Hari Iyer argue that Likelihood Ratio's Bayesian reasoning approach is flawed for courtroom use, risking conclusions driven by assumptions rather than data. NIST recommends using the method only in cases where probability-based models are warranted.
Frailty increases odds of serious complications after outpatient operations like hernia and breast surgery. Patients with 2-3 frailty traits have more than twice the risk of serious complications compared to those with fewer traits.
The Cleveland Clinic research team will conduct the first head-to-head trial comparing two treatment approaches for relapsing-remitting MS. The study aims to determine which approach is better at slowing brain volume loss, is safer, and more effective.
A new web application reveals that raising the minimum age to 21 nationwide could save over 306,000 lives. The Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) tool also examines state-by-state impacts of cigarette taxes and smoke-free air laws.
A new animal movement model reveals seabirds orient themselves over an ocean and compensate for wind drift without landmarks, hinting at a 'map sense'. This breakthrough paves the way for analyzing animal decision-making using GPS tracking data.
A study published in Party Politics found that 97% of voters were glad they participated, while 60% of non-voters regretted not voting. People who feel morally duty-bound to vote and those interested in politics are more likely to be satisfied with their decision.
The Yale Initiative on Sustainable Finance (YISF) will provide high-quality research on capital flows into sustainability-oriented projects. YISF aims to investigate challenges in sustainable finance by partnering with market participants, non-profit organizations and WBCSD. The project focuses on clarifying ESG materiality for companies.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers found that people who rely on concrete evidence to form their beliefs are less likely to have misperceptions about high-profile scientific and political issues. On the other hand, those who trust their intuition over evidence are more likely to believe fake news.
The study aims to identify variables that predict why certain individuals are better at making tough decisions, as well as understand how people arrive at difficult choices. By training soldiers, first-responders, and civilians, the research hopes to produce better outcomes in life-threatening situations.
A new app developed by Carnegie Mellon University researchers allows users to control access to third-party libraries, which helps app developers make money by targeting people with ads or compiling marketing profiles. This approach promises to be an effective way of limiting the unwanted release of personal information.
A study by George Washington University researchers found that air pollution and coal-fired power plants were the subject of most cases, while renewable energy and energy efficiency saw pro-regulation plaintiffs win more than twice as frequently. Courts are expected to play a significant role in shaping climate policy in the US.
Conflict durations in monkey societies grow more quickly as others join, according to researchers studying dynamic conflict patterns. The first interaction sets the tone for the fight, with brief episodes likely to follow if initial interactions are brief.
Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a process where patients discuss their goals and preferences with relatives and health-care providers. The study recommends adapting ACP to the individual's readiness, updating conversations and documents regularly.
Research at Mount Sinai Hospital identified two distinct brain areas involved in decision-making: the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Monkeys with OFC lesions lost ability to track reward probability, while those with VLPFC lesions showed preference for M&Ms.
A study in monkeys reveals that two distinct brain areas, the orbital frontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, are involved in decision-making. The researchers found that monkeys with lesions in one area had impaired ability to track probability, while those with lesions in the other area showed a preference for rewards.
Research suggests that people prioritize products with more reviews, regardless of their quality, due to a popularity bias. This can lead to poor purchasing decisions, as statistical models recommend choosing products with fewer reviews when ratings are low.
Researchers developed a machine-learning approach called ICU Intervene that takes large amounts of ICU data to determine treatments for different symptoms. The system uses deep learning to make real-time predictions, learning from past cases to suggest critical care interventions.
A new study investigates the decision-making process in relationships, revealing common pros and cons of staying versus leaving. Participants weighed reasons such as emotional intimacy, investment, and personality traits, with married individuals citing more constraint-based reasons for staying.
Research by UChicago psychologists found that using a foreign language decreases emotional aversion, leading people to be less averse to breaking taboos and more willing to make utilitarian choices. The study suggests that the decision-making process is affected by the emotional distance provided by speaking a non-native language.
A new AI system developed by MIT researchers reduces online video rebuffering and improves quality, adapting to different network conditions. The system achieves higher-quality streaming with less rebuffering than existing approaches.
A new study found that women with early-stage breast cancer are more likely to consider double mastectomy due to their decision-making habits and values. Researchers surveyed 2,362 women and discovered that those who were worried about making a bad decision and wanted to make their own choices were more likely to consider the aggressiv...
A recent study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that physician implicit racial bias does not directly affect treatment decisions, but may contribute to healthcare disparities. The study suggests that biases may indirectly influence patient outcomes and warrants further research.
A study of over 2,500 people found that higher light intensity leads to worse decisions and increased inconsistency in monetary gambles. Luminance also influences risk attitudes, with individuals more likely to avoid known risks on high-light days.
In the wake of Charlie Gard's high-profile court case, Professor Dominic Wilkinson emphasizes the need for fair, accurate, and balanced discussion in cases involving life-prolonging treatment. One potential solution is to allow medical professionals to make public the medical evidence on which they are basing their decisions.
A recent study found that people who tend to maximize their decisions, like ants preparing for winter, are more likely to have better financial habits and a forward-thinking approach. This challenges previous research that linked maximizing tendencies to negative outcomes such as stress and regret.
A new study offers a decision-analytic model to help women with BRCA mutations determine the optimal age for preventive surgeries that can significantly reduce lifetime breast and ovarian cancer risk. The model recommends specific ages for bilateral mastectomy (BM) and salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) procedures.
Combining moderate alcohol consumption with moderate sleep restriction leads to increased deficits in attention and drowsiness compared to either factor alone. Performance impairment remains apparent even with frequent breaks, emphasizing the need for adequate rest before driving after consuming alcohol.
Researchers have used computer modeling to demonstrate the varying manipulability of decision-making procedures and identify those least susceptible to manipulation. Two majority relation-based procedures, Uncovered set II and Fishburn's rule, are found to be less manipulable than others.
A recent study at the University of Pennsylvania found that commercial brain training with Lumosity had no effect on decision-making or cognitive function. The researchers recruited two groups, one following Lumosity and the other playing online video games, but neither group showed improvements in brain activity or decision-making.
Researchers Joe Kable and Caryn Lerman found that a 10-week Lumosity training session had no effect on cognitive function or brain activity among young adults. Meanwhile, playing non-adaptive video games showed similar improvements in standard cognitive assessments as the control group.
Researchers studied decision-making in real-time using mouse trajectories, finding that individuals with low self-control veer closer to unhealthy foods. The study suggests a more dynamical process where both healthy and unhealthy choices compete from the beginning, contradicting dual systems theory.
A study by Harvard University researchers found that psychopaths' brains prioritize short-term gains, leading to poor decision-making and violent behavior. The research used brain scans of nearly 50 prison inmates, revealing a specific connection between the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex.
A computerized decision-making model has been developed to promote shared decision-making with cystic fibrosis patients, taking into account their preferences for measures of lung function and health. The tool helps prioritize home treatments by integrating patients' personal goals, values, and treatment preferences.