Articles tagged with Social Decision Making
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study by Martin G. Kocher and colleagues reveals that groups are more likely to behave unethically than individuals, with honest participants often deciding to misreport in a team setting. The researchers attribute this phenomenon to the exchange of arguments over the validity of honesty norms, which leads to a shift in behavior.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that people with supportive spouses are more likely to take on potentially rewarding challenges, leading to personal growth and happiness. Those who experienced a supportive relationship had better psychological well-being and relationship functioning months later.
A study by UCL and University of Oxford researchers found that people tend to align their confidence levels when working in teams, even when one person has more expertise. This 'confidence matching' behavior can lead to poor decisions if individuals do not calibrate their confidence levels to the reliability of their opinions.
Research highlights the importance of non-visual factors like voice and scent in social perception, which can influence attractiveness. Studies have shown that people can accurately guess characteristics like gender, age, and body size from a voice or scent.
A collaborative effort between psychologists and economists reveals that combining both disciplines leads to better understanding of decisions. The research focuses on individuals' expectations for major life events, such as finding work or having children, and shows that teens are capable of estimating numerical probabilities with acc...
A new study from UT Dallas finds that bestowing considerable power in the CEO does not create value for the firm during industrywide downturns. Concentrated power among CEOs leads to worse decision-making and a decrease in firm value, especially in competitive industries and high-discretion industries.
The author's approach to decision processes uses game theory and spatial geometry to create a unified deterministic extension. This foundation allows for the extrapolation of local behaviors to entire social structures, with significant consequences for understanding stable social structures.
A multidisciplinary team led by USC Viterbi Professor Maryam Shanechi aims to develop brain-machine interfaces enhancing human decision making through multimodal data modeling and multi-sensory processing.
Researchers found CEOs of large US firms made fewer acquisitions following an independent director's death. The analysis suggests CEOs may reevaluate priorities and place less emphasis on external goals.
A new study by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign found that children who participate in collaborative group work to learn about significant social issues become better decision-makers than their peers. The study compared the efficacy of collaborative group work with conventional direct instruction, and found that students ...
A nationwide survey of 1,000 Americans seeking depression treatment and 250 clinicians reveals a disconnect between patients' and clinicians' prioritization of information needed for treatment decisions. Patients prioritize cost and insurance information, while clinicians do not always share this priority.
A new study from the University of Texas at Dallas found that social responsibility leads to more conservative risk behavior in group decision-making. This means individuals become more cautious when making decisions that affect others, as they consider the potential impact on their reputation.
A de-centralized decision-making model shows how positive feedback during exploration proves useful for making good and quick decisions. The model explains how trends take off, such as the popularity of Beats headphones, and the success of word-of-mouth marketing tactics.
Websites for national and state health insurance marketplaces have shown improved efforts to assist patients in choosing health insurance plans, such as providing decision support tools. Despite this, many sites still lack helpful features like lay-person definitions and cost calculators.
Researchers found that people form trait impressions of others' character, such as generosity, before considering material benefits. This study provides insights into how we learn about people through interactions and challenges existing scholarship on the role of reward value.
Gathering data on specific questions is the most effective way to support SDGs, says Keith Shepherd and colleagues. They propose five key principles: replacing targets with measures of return on investment and modeling intervention decisions.
A new mobile app called Seventeen Days aims to educate teenagers about the risks of risky sexual behavior. The app is based on an interactive movie of the same name and has been developed with researchers at several universities, including Carnegie Mellon University.
New research from University College London suggests that people with differing competence give each other's views equal weight, preventing optimal group decisions. This 'equality bias' affects decision-making processes in various contexts, including everyday situations and high-level policy decisions.
A new study published in PNAS found that people who focus on the success of their peers are more likely to act selfishly in group decisions. This is because success-oriented individuals prioritize information about which behavior pays off best, leading to a greater likelihood of selfish actions.
Researchers develop algorithm to optimize timing strategy for cascading behavior in social networks, considering individual preferences and network structure. The study reveals the importance of timing in catalyzing cascades, with effective strategies increasing likelihood of widespread adoption.
Research suggests that highly guilt-prone people are valuable work partners who outwork colleagues, demonstrate effective leadership, and contribute to team success. However, they may avoid forming partnerships with more competent individuals to prevent feelings of guilt.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory identified a brain region in rats responsible for their confidence in decisions. The study used rats to test decision-making and found that a specific region of the orbitofrontal cortex plays a crucial role in measuring confidence.
The researchers emphasize the need for clear communication of science to policymakers and the general public to make informed decisions. They offer a communication protocol that involves identifying relevant facts, characterizing uncertainties, and assessing their magnitude.
A new study presents a formal model to predict how countries will regulate hydraulic fracturing, helping companies assess risks and benefits. The model uses multi-criteria decision analysis to aggregate various inputs into a ranked list of policy alternatives.
A recent study found that people tend to copy others' choices when they lack social acceptance or enough information. The researchers discovered the 'social default effect', where observing someone else's choice makes it a default option.
A study found that when friends make small indulgences together, it enhances their friendship. However, when the stakes are high, they bond through moral support. This understanding can help brands and policymakers tailor their strategies to promote accountability and well-being.
A recent study reviews existing research on sports competition and concludes that playing at home can have a significant psychological impact on athletes, with findings including increased testosterone levels and higher cortisol stress hormone levels. However, the exact mechanisms behind this phenomenon are still unclear.
A recent study by researchers at Linköping University has found no correlation between quick decisions and increased willingness to cooperate. Contrary to previous findings, the study shows that being forced to make decisions under time pressure does not affect people's desire to collaborate.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have found that fluctuations in brain activity impact cognitive tasks, leading to errors in short-term memory. By understanding how neural variability relates to cognitive functions, the team aims to provide important clues about the neural mechanisms that support cognition.
Research from the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging found that testosterone makes people act less cooperatively and more egocentrically in groups. The study used female volunteers who received either a testosterone or placebo supplement, and found that cooperation was reduced when given testosterone.
Research suggests that prejudice arises from a fundamental psychological need to make quick judgments and reduce ambiguity, often leading to stereotyping and generalizations. This way of thinking is linked to people's desire to categorize the world and rely on social norms.
The Health Impact Project, a collaboration between Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and The Pew Charitable Trusts, has received funding from The Kresge Foundation to conduct two health impact assessments in the housing sector. The funding will support decision-making in underserved communities, addressing issues such as asthma and diabetes.
A new study found that money reminders lead consumers to react against people who influence their decisions, boosting the importance of autonomy. Participants in three studies reacted oppositely when reminded of money compared to those not reminded, with money-reminded consumers responding more strongly to social influences
The Canadian Institutes of Health Research has funded 25 policy-relevant research projects across six provinces to strengthen Canada's healthcare system. These projects will enable meaningful collaborations between researchers and decision makers to address health system challenges.
Researchers find that our brains process groups of similar characteristics in a sequential manner, with limitations on perceiving multiple groups at once. This illusion has implications for the design of complex graphic systems and our understanding of ordinary vision.
A new study published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery found that carpal tunnel syndrome patients prefer to share decision-making with their physicians. Patients who had undergone previous surgical procedures, had caregivers, or additional private insurance were more likely to assume an active role in the decision-making process.
A new study proposes a communications strategy to improve layman understanding of climate science, focusing on strategic organization and strategic listening. The authors argue that scientists should work in cross-disciplinary teams and use systematic feedback to evaluate their communication skills.
A joint research project between Georgia State University and Emory University will study hospital length of stay to improve medical decision making and lower healthcare costs. The researchers will develop decision support computer software to aid physicians in making optimal discharge decisions.
Researchers studying the Gulf oil spill's impact on coastal communities aim to understand how social context shapes individual responses to disaster. The study will investigate negative and positive emotions, as well as social and political trust, in individuals coping with the disaster.
The Decision Theater offers a systems approach to decision-making, combining diverse perspectives to create flexible solutions. By focusing on decision-makers' needs first, experts can identify optimal short-term and long-term solutions.
A study published in PNAS found that genetics plays a role in the brain's back-burner setup for low-priority ideas. The default-mode network is linked to genetic factors, with over 40% of variance in functional connectivity under genetic control.
Researchers found that parents favor names gaining popularity relative to those falling out of favor, creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. The study analyzed historical data on baby name frequencies over 127 years, revealing a shift towards consistent momentum in name popularity.
Researchers found that online communities facilitate learning by transforming individual experiences into usable knowledge, enabling individuals to become empowered patients who make informed decisions about their health. However, the value of these communities depends on how individuals choose to act on the information they receive.
Intel was awarded the 2009 INFORMS Prize for its extensive use of operations research to drive significant value and competitive advantage throughout its business. The prize recognized Intel's ability to apply O.R. techniques across various functions, resulting in over $2 billion in improved decision-making.
The Lancet emphasizes the importance of a competitive merit-based selection process for the new PEPFAR head. Key qualifications include visionary leadership, global health expertise, and experience in collaboration with various stakeholders.
Research on stereotyping and workplace discrimination has sparked debate, with some studies finding biased decisions while others argue that methodological issues undermine findings. Despite disagreements, experts agree that organizations must take responsibility for reducing discrimination.
A new study published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology found that conscious thinking can lead to better choices for complex decisions, debunking a controversial 2006 research result. The study suggests that unconscious thought is more susceptible to irrelevant factors and that conscious thinkers given adequate time t...
Researchers developed a logical decision model to help women weigh the benefits of motherhood against its effects on career and social interests. The model suggests that having a child at a younger age may be better for women in their early careers, as taking a maternity leave has less impact on future career prospects.
A Carnegie Mellon study finds that people with better decision-making skills tend to have positive life outcomes, even after controlling for intelligence and socio-economic status. The researchers developed tasks to measure decision-making competence, which can be used to gauge real-life decision-making ability.
Carnegie Mellon professor Baruch Fischhoff argues that decision science principles can help policymakers and the public make effective decisions on climate change. He emphasizes the need for coordinated action among experts from various fields, including domain specialists, social scientists, and designers.
A study on pigeon homing found that birds flying in pairs take more efficient routes home than alone, suggesting navigational benefits. The researchers discovered that compromise and leadership emerge from simple forces acting on the pigeons' behavior, resolving conflicts between individual preferences.
Researchers developed a model to understand emergency manager decision-making and found that improved data from CASA radars can aid in the design of better training and visualizations. The study aims to enhance emergency management decisions about severe weather.
A recent Carnegie Mellon University study found that most teens learn about sexually transmitted diseases when they are diagnosed with them. The survey of 300 adolescent girls revealed that those who reported having been diagnosed with a disease knew more about that specific disease but not the others.
The NSF-funded research centers will investigate decision-making strategies for addressing climate uncertainty, including water management and policy implications. The projects will integrate psychological insights with social sciences to develop tools for better understanding the impacts of climate change.
The DVD offers a self-contained, research-based education on how to make better decisions for oneself. Girls who watched the DVD were more likely to become abstinent or report fewer STD cases compared to those who didn't.
A Carnegie Mellon study found that people are willing to accept less money to sell an object than they would pay for it when sad. Disgust also leads to lower prices for both buying and selling. This challenges traditional economic principles, suggesting new strategies for marketing and negotiations.
A study found that 71% of Japanese outpatients would like to make treatment decisions in collaboration with their physician. Patients prefer to involve their families in decision-making, but only allow them to support the patient's decision, not provide a third opinion.
A new study by Stevens Institute of Technology researchers Drs. Patricia Holahan and Ann Mooney reveals that constructive conflict can mutate into destructive conflict if not managed properly. The study found that trusting team members, displaying supportive communication norms, and freely sharing information reduce the risk of destruc...
A study by Professor Lesley Degner found that Canadian women with breast cancer and men with prostate cancer fare better emotionally and socially due to their positive attitude towards illness. The most important information patients want is 'What are my chances of a cure?' and 'How far has my disease spread?'.
A new study found that non-medicated ADHD children are three times slower than their non-ADHD counterparts when making quick decisions. However, when treated with Ritalin, the ADHD children's reaction times returned to normal.