Articles tagged with History Of Technology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Historical analysis found no precedent for the rate of coal and gas power decline required to limit climate change to 1.5°C. Rapid declines in fossil fuel use occurred in response to energy security threats, but such cases are less relevant to climate scenarios where continental-size regions are involved.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has significant growth potential across various medical applications, including cardiology and dermatology. Miniaturized OCT systems are expected to revolutionize healthcare with compact, mobile, and cost-effective devices.
A new analysis spanning 10,000 years of history and ten major world regions found that world population size, major technological advances, and geographical connectivity are key drivers of military technology evolution. The study's methodology employed a resource called Seshat: Global History Databank to empirically test prior hypotheses.
The study found that advances in iron metallurgy, horse riding, and agricultural productivity played a significant role in the development of military machines. Mega-empires emerged as societies supporting tens of millions of inhabitants and covering vast territories.
A study at Jordan River Dureijat site in northern Israel uncovered a wide variety of hook shapes and sinkers, indicating humans had profound knowledge of fish behavior. The findings coincide with the beginning of agriculture in the region, highlighting the importance of aquatic resources for human subsistence.
China's space transportation systems have made significant leaps in recent decades, with advancements in launch vehicles, propulsion systems, and artificial intelligence. The country aims to become a powerful space nation by the mid-21st century, with plans for manned missions to the Moon and Mars.
Researchers at The Rockefeller University have revealed a more nuanced historical wave pattern to the rise of transistor density in silicon chips. The study highlights six waves of improvements, each lasting about six years, with significant increases in transistor density per chip.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology modeled dynamic instability in tractor operation, revealing that self-excited oscillations can arise when the tractor pushes against the ground. The model showed that power hop can occur based on draft load, soil, and tire conditions.
Historical research from Lund University reveals that electrification strengthened professional groups' negotiating power, leading to more strikes over wage increases. The study analyzed 8,000 strikes between 1859 and 1938 and found that technological change was a rare trigger.
A new study dating the Purākaunui pits to 1430-1460 CE provides evidence for rua kumara storage in southern New Zealand, connecting local Māori traditions with archaeology. The discovery sheds light on how scientific evidence complements mātauranga Maori knowledge around taonga storage.
The February edition of SLAS Technology features a special collection on Artificial Intelligence in Process Automation, highlighting its applications in drug discovery, automated gene editing, and machine learning. The issue also celebrates the top 10 most-cited articles within the journal's history.
A team of astronomers has created the most complete 3D map of cool brown dwarfs in the Sun's local neighborhood, cataloging over 500 objects including 38 new discoveries. The results provide evidence that the Sun's immediate neighborhood is unusually diverse relative to other parts of the Milky Way Galaxy.
Scientists at Sun Yat-sen University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology review the history of G measurements, highlighting inconsistent results and proposing future experiments to reduce uncertainty. They also present their own latest values, achieving high accuracy and confidence levels.
Researchers found distinctive fluted points in Yemen and Oman, dating back to the Neolithic period. The similar yet distinct fluting techniques suggest cultural convergence or independent invention of this advanced technology.
Dr. Ying-Tsong Lin, the 12th person in history to visit Challenger Deep, is an acoustic scientist studying sound propagation in the ocean. His research aims to improve acoustic communication and geo-location at extreme depths.
Researchers found that technological growth passed its peak in 2018 and will be followed by a new wave of acceleration, driven by global demographic changes. The study predicts that progress will slow down in the second half of the century.
A research team developed a microneedle platform using fluorescent quantum dots to deliver vaccines and record vaccination history in the skin. The platform offers a dependable way for clinicians to keep accurate medical records, potentially saving millions of lives worldwide.
Scientists analyzed fossilized clam shells to reconstruct ancient cooking habits in Puerto Rico, finding that clams were cooked at temperatures between 100°C and 200°C. The results suggest that barbeque was a common method of cooking, unlike boiling, which may not have been widespread due to the lack of ceramic pottery technology.
Researchers explored methods of organization, innovation, and academic peculiarities in Russian universities. They highlighted the importance of studying non-Western practices and filling knowledge gaps on Russian academic research history.
Scientists discover 45,000-year-old microliths in Sri Lanka's Fa-Hien Lena cave, pushing back the timeline of advanced tool use in South Asia. The discovery suggests that early humans adapted to rainforest environments with sophisticated technology, enabling them to thrive and spread across the globe.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology developed a bouncing ball model to predict tractor overturns. The model aims to reduce the rate of overturned tractors, a leading cause of death for farmers worldwide.
New Army research applies trends from historical weapon systems, including crossbows and tanks, to explore potential future systems. A single regularity describes the growth of diverse families of technology over multiple centuries.
Researchers at MIT and elsewhere discovered a unique ancient technology for making parchment, which used a mixture of salts found in evaporites. This process helped preserve the Temple Scroll's bright white surface and contributed to its state of preservation.
The James Webb Space Telescope is the result of a nationwide collaboration, with components manufactured across 29 US states. The telescope will explore cosmic history, solve mysteries in our solar system, and probe the origins of the universe.
In Russia, mentoring is now a widely accepted part of teacher training methodology, allowing young teachers to hone their skills and learn about new workplaces. Researchers conclude that this approach is becoming increasingly important due to constant socioeconomic and political change.
Researchers used LiDAR data to digitally recreate the geomorphology of Cordoba before it was built over. The images show how both Iberian and Roman cities took advantage of the land's shape to build their settlements. This new information sheds light on the historical city's development.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology have designed a sequential synthesis sequence to create intricate molecules with various practical applications. The new method enables the efficient production of complex organic compounds, overcoming previous challenges related to bulkiness and instability.
The Sodré astrolabe is the oldest known mariner's astrolabe, dating back to 1496-1501. It has been certified as the earliest verifiable example of a transitional instrument between classic planispheric and open-wheel astrolabes.
A new research centre will focus on biological hair follicle research, developing innovative scalp cooling treatments and individual 3D-printed cooling caps. The centre aims to become a global leader in scalp cooling and hair follicle research.
A collection of articles from leading researchers worldwide provides an unprecedented view of the global quantum technology landscape. The articles discuss the history of supporting research in quantum technology, the timing of heavy investment, and future outlooks for each region.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that the introduction of printing press, radio, and television influenced biographical records on Wikipedia, favoring artists, scientists, and performers. The authors suggest that historical figures whose work was best suited to available media were more likely to be recorded.
Researchers found that female Asian black bears' teeth have narrower layers when they're raising cubs, indicating a decrease in reproductive success. This study provides a new tool to monitor and manage bear populations by analyzing tooth growth patterns.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology have sped up electron movement in organic semiconductor films by two to three orders of magnitude. By introducing polystyrene, they found enhanced hole mobility, a critical factor for developing more efficient solar devices.
A NOAA-funded team of scientists from Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the University of Delaware discovered the missing 75-foot stern section of the USS Abner Read in 290 feet of water off Kiska Island. The finding sheds light on the little-known episode in WWII history where 71 US Navy sailors lost their lives.
African scientists developed diverse practices to combat tsetse flies, including late-season forest burning and innoculations, which were later adopted by Europeans as part of their 'science'. The book highlights the importance of understanding the connections between human and environmental mobilities in knowledge production.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a 'thin triple' super window design that is seven times more insulating than a single-glazed window. The new technology could save $10 billion annually in energy costs, outperforming insulated walls in winter.
A new tri-layer structure made of Cr2O3, YIG, and Pt enables significant control over the transmission of spin current at room temperature. This discovery is a major breakthrough in spintronics, paving the way for more efficient information processing devices.
The discovery provides first evidence of the use of a bridle bit to control an animal in the Near East before the appearance of horses. The study reveals that early domestic donkeys were controlled using soft bits, likely made from rope or wood.
Researchers have created a massive 13 million-person family tree using genealogy data, revealing trends in marriage, migration, and longevity. The study found that people are more likely to marry fourth cousins than seventh cousins, and that women in Europe and North America have migrated more than men.
A team of archaeologists uses LiDAR technology to map a significantly larger area of Ceibal in Guatemala, uncovering over 15,000 ancient Maya architectural remains. The resulting map covers 470 square kilometers and provides a detailed timeline of growth and change at the site.
A joint research project is questioning the authenticity of pictures of Luther, exploring whether the images depict him at a certain moment in his life or represent later heroification and veneration. The project uses technological examinations, digital analysis, and scientific methods to date and authenticate the images.
Researchers have used genomic data to gain the most detailed information yet of cockroach evolution. The study suggests that extant families evolved during the breakup of Pangaea and prior to continental separation within Gondwana, with divergence times dating back up to 180 million years.
Researchers discovered that peacock spiders' intense rainbow iridescence emerges from specialized abdominal scales with airfoil-like microscopic 3D contour and nanoscale diffraction grating structures. This finding may inspire new color technology for applications such as space missions and wearable chemical detection systems.
Researchers propose a mechanism for ancient culture evolution tied to environment change and technological development, with varying influences at local, regional, and global scales. The study suggests that sudden disasters, climate change, and technological innovations drove social evolution.
Research by Rostislav Kapeliushnikov suggests that automation will not lead to widespread job loss. Instead, jobs will adapt to new technology, with workers shifting up the skill ladder. This approach reduces estimated job automation rates from 47% to 9%. Skills levels are broader than high- and low-skilled categories.
Researchers from Sweden propose a new theory on the Chernobyl disaster, suggesting a nuclear explosion preceded a steam explosion. The theory is supported by observations of debris and weather conditions.
Metal membrane suspended roofs can span hundreds of square meters and are used in sports complexes, airports, and other buildings. These structures reduce material consumption by up to 70% and allow for a combination of bearing and enclosing functions in one material.
Researchers at University College London have developed a new receiver technology that provides consistently high-speed broadband connectivity. The technology enables dedicated data rates of over 10,000 megabits-per-second (Mb/s) for low-cost broadband connections to every UK home.
Researchers at IMDEA Networks Institute developed a new mobile radio access technology for mm-wave frequencies, achieving high data rates and efficient capacity delivery. The new radio system concept targets operation in wide-contiguous bands and addresses specific challenges of mm-wave bands.
A new study suggests that airblast injuries from the black powder torpedo may have killed the crew of the Confederate submarine HL Hunley. Researchers reconstructed the blast using a scale model and found that it could have caused pulmonary and brain trauma to the cabin crew.
Researchers used DNA analysis to uncover the genetic basis of early migration in Pacific salmon species, finding a single gene variant responsible for this adaptation. This discovery challenges previous views on the evolution of early migrating populations and highlights the need for targeted conservation strategies.
The article highlights the need for science to inform policies addressing addiction, citing technological advances that have contributed to increasing rates of addictions. Science can also be used to counteract addictions through better drug regulation and programs addressing long-term brain changes.
The University of Plymouth and a collaboration of Cornish and national partners have been awarded £2.7m European funding to improve the use of e-health in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly.
New eHealth technologies aim to improve patient-provider connections by exchanging vital information and setting shared goals. Studies demonstrate that personalized advice leads to greater action, while eTech reduces staff effort.
Researchers find that birds with more complex songs perform better in rhythm and interact more skillfully with others. The study suggests that musical ability in birds may be a precursor to human music evolution.
Researchers analyzed third-party web tracking across three decades and developed TrackingExcavator tool. They found that the average top website now has at least four trackers looking at user activity, with Google Analytics covering over a third of sites.
A comprehensive study found that 90% of personal vehicles on the road can be replaced by low-cost electric vehicles, reducing emissions and meeting near-term climate targets. The study analyzed driving behavior and energy requirements to demonstrate the feasibility of widespread EV adoption.
The Five hundred metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) in China features technology developed by CSIRO engineers, making it one of the most sensitive telescopes globally. The telescope will explore the nature and evolution of the universe, helping to detect thousands of new pulsars.
A new paper uses exoplanet discoveries to estimate the probability of advanced life evolving on habitable planets. The authors find that unless the odds are extremely low, humanity is likely not the universe's first technological civilization. They calculate a 'pessimism line' below which human uniqueness would be impossible.
Researchers used 3D microscopic imaging to reconstruct the diets of medieval children, discovering differences in poor and wealthy families. The technique, dental microwear texture analysis, measures changes in tooth surface topography, offering a new way to access dietary information.