Articles tagged with History Of Technology
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study on the history of hemodialysis explores how medical research and technological advancements impact resource distribution. The investigation found that bioethical principles, such as autonomy and justice, are weighed differently over time, emphasizing the need for sustainable ethical solutions.
Assistant Professor Corinna Schlombs studied trans-Atlantic technology transfer and its impact on productivity in Germany following WWII. Her research reveals a distinct cultural and historical context for computer development in Europe.
A review article discusses the issues of overdiagnosis and overtreatment in breast cancer screening, highlighting the benefits of newer technologies like breast tomosynthesis. The study finds that this technology reduces false recall rates by 15-30% while increasing cancer detection rates by about 29%.
Three American scientists have been awarded the prestigious International Balzan Prizes for their outstanding contributions to the fields of art history, economic history, astroparticle physics, and oceanography. Hans Belting, Joel Mokyr, Francis Halzen, and David Karl will share a total prize amount of $3 million.
A previously unknown shipwreck was discovered more than a mile deep off the North Carolina coast using scientific sonar. The wreck is believed to date back to the late 18th or early 19th century and contains artifacts such as an iron chain, wooden timbers, and navigational instruments.
A study published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters reveals new insights into the Earth's early core by analyzing the magnetic signatures of mineral grains in ancient rocks. The findings, led by Michigan Tech geophysicist Aleksey Smirnov, shed light on the planet's mysterious past.
Etienne Benson's research explores the impact of birds on the power grid in 1920s California, revealing how avian waste caused short circuits. The study highlights the importance of considering non-human actors in infrastructure systems and the need for 'insulation' and 'interconnection' strategies to mitigate nature's effects.
A team of researchers has refined the timeline of meteorite impacts on the moon by analyzing argon isotopes in Apollo 17 samples using laser microprobe technology. The study provides new insights into the lunar impact record and its implications for understanding Earth's early bombardment history.
This book explores how European users appropriated microcomputers and forged countercultures to challenge individual ownership and celebrate shared use. The 'ludological' element of mischief and humor played a crucial role in shaping hacker culture, offering new insights into the history of technology.
A team of researchers, led by Dr. Maximilian Schich, reconstructed the migration and mobility patterns of 150,000 individuals over two millennia using network and complexity science. The study found non-intuitive patterns, including laws of migration, and challenged traditional notions of cultural centers.
Volume 16 of the Wakefield Court Rolls series edited by Dr John A. Hargreaves details proceedings from 1812 to 1813, showing how the textile industry continued to thrive despite Luddite attacks and economic hardship. The volume includes transcripts of wills, revealing new information on women's rights and property deals.
Robert Gordon's research focuses on the causes of long-term unemployment and declining labor-force participation, with implications for future economic growth. He will critically evaluate the impact of technological progress on employment and consider policy strategies to mitigate its effects.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists explores the impact of emerging military technologies on the laws of war, highlighting the need for new legal thinking and institutions to address asymmetric warfare. The article argues that current international law is no longer sufficient to handle the complexity of modern warfare.
A study published in The BMJ analyzed data from 7,870 women and found that around 0.5% reported virgin births without using assisted reproductive technology. Virgins were more likely to have signed chastity pledges and had lower levels of communication about sex and birth control with their parents.
The US ethnic food market is dominated by Mexican cuisine, with over 7,000 restaurants across the country. Italian and Chinese cuisines are also extremely popular, with a large number of restaurants in major cities like New York and San Francisco.
Seven Texas A&M faculty members have been recognized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for their contributions to various fields. They include Nancy M. Amato, Perla Beatriz Balbuena, Raymond J. Carroll, Jonathan C. Coopersmith, Bani K. Mallick, H. Joseph Newton, and Matthew S. Sachs.
The winners of the 2013 Semantic Web Challenge have successfully combined innovative semantic web technology with an end user practical focus and efficiency in use. This year's challenge saw 17 proposals, with four Open Track Challenge winners and one Big Data Track winner selected by a panel of experts.
Historian Dr Ian Burney's research shows that French Edmond Locard and Austrian Hans Gross were influenced by British writers Arthur Conan Doyle and R Austen Freeman, who advocated for a professionalised CSI. This led to the systematisation of methods in crime scene investigation.
Researchers will explore how technological changes drove changes in the industry, including the impact on programme appearance and editing pace. Former TV technicians will share their experiences adapting to new technologies.
Researchers link climate changes to bursts of technological innovation and population growth in sub-Saharan Africa. The study suggests that sudden climate shifts led to the emergence of modern human culture, symbol expression, and agriculture.
The UC Riverside FACES project uses facial recognition technology to analyze portraits of historical figures, including Dante, Lorenzo de' Medici, and Shakespeare. The researchers aim to develop an algorithm that can accurately identify subjects despite variations in facial expressions, aging, and artistic styles.
Bielefeld University has secured further five-year funding for its Cluster of Excellence on Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC) and Graduate School in History and Sociology. The grants total $40.3 million, supporting research on intelligent systems and social sciences.
UC Riverside scholars use cutting-edge technology to solve art historical problems, exploring the use of facial recognition in identifying centuries-old portraits. They aim to restore identities of subjects with sold portraits, shedding light on European political and religious history.
The report assesses technical, economic, financial, and social uncertainties facing CCS technologies, concluding that most can be resolved in principle. However, difficult choices remain for government and industry regarding technology development, financial support, deployment timing, and storage liabilities.
The Powered Rope Ascender, developed by ONR TechSolutions, allows warfighters to ascend vertical surfaces quickly and efficiently. The compact, rechargeable battery-powered device has numerous applications in maritime security and helicopter rescue operations.
The University of Sheffield has published an interactive version of The Acts and Monuments, a foundational source for the history of the English Reformation and late Medieval Church. The online edition provides scholars with a unique environment to access and understand the text, including searches, images, translations, and commentaries.
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics presented several awards to recognize outstanding achievements in air breathing propulsion systems, rocket propulsion systems, ground testing, and combustion engineering. Awards were also given for historical non-fiction literature and graduate research in air breathing propulsion.
At the 39th annual CAA conference, researchers will showcase their innovative approach to recording archaeological data using iPads, reducing time and improving accuracy. This 'Paperless' project utilizes digital technology to create a complete analysis of homes, shops, and businesses at Pompeii.
Aeroecology is a new discipline that focuses on the aerosphere and its influence on airborne organisms. Organisms such as bats, birds, and insects rely on this aerial environment for their existence, but are also affected by human-altered landscapes and climate change.
A special issue of Technology & Innovation explores the history, process, and practice of scientific peer review. Key findings include a need for qualified, independent reviewers, transparent processes, and avoiding conflicts of interest to ensure integrity in federal policy formation.
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) will honor the winners of AIAA technical and literary achievement awards for their outstanding contributions in space science and technology. The award recipients include Harvey Berger, Michael Gass, STS-125 Team, STPSat-1 Team, Wanda Austin, and J. D. Hunley.
The new system integrates optical scanning, data processing, and encryption with manual ballot paper writing, ensuring total vote-counting accuracy. It also allows voters to verify their vote without revealing how they voted.
Research by University of Arizona's Lan Nguyen Chaplin finds that supportive parents and peers decrease teen materialism. Teens with emotionally supported parents and peers are less materialistic.
Amit Hagar's three-year NSF grant will support the first comprehensive study of fundamental length, exploring its history and philosophy. The research aims to reconcile this concept with established principles and drive innovation in theoretical physics.
Researchers at Uppsala University have made a breakthrough in understanding the genetic transformation of wild species into domestic chickens. The study reveals two significant selective sweeps, one affecting the TSHR gene and another involving the TBC1D1 gene, which are linked to changes in reproduction timing and glucose uptake in mu...
At the 2010 AAAS Annual Meeting, the Optical Society and American Physical Society sponsored a seminar on the birth, growth, and future of laser technology. The symposium showcased the impact of lasers on various fields, including medicine, energy, and national security.
A University of Illinois marketing study found that companies emphasizing technology tend to generate fewer innovative products. In contrast, firms focusing on customer needs or competitors produce more new product suggestions, but these often lead to minor advances rather than breakthroughs.
NOAA is conducting a three-week research expedition to study World War II shipwrecks sunk in 1942 off the coast of North Carolina. The expedition aims to document the condition of these vessels and preserve their historic sites, which serve as 'time capsules from one of the darkest times in the nation's history.'
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics will present five awards at the 39th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, recognizing outstanding contributions to various fields such as aerodynamics, fluid dynamics, plasmadynamics, thermophysics, and aerospace engineering. The honorees include Jubaraj Sahu, Parvis Moin, Charles Clend...
Piracy has surged globally, attacking 125 ships and seizing 45 in the past year, with Somali pirates being a major threat. Satellites offer 3D imagery to track and evade pirate activity, helping merchant ships and military vessels stay safe.
Robin Clark will receive the prize for his groundbreaking use of Raman microscopy, enabling the authentication of art and artifacts without damaging them. This award recognizes his significant contributions to the field of chemistry and its impact on the preservation of cultural heritage.
Scientists at Caltech used computer modeling to demonstrate that the Mars dichotomy can be explained by one giant impact early in the planet's history. The study found that an impact energy of around 10^29 joules, equivalent to 100 billion gigatons of TNT, would have created the lowlands and highlands on Mars.
A global study of LASIK patients found that 95.4 percent are satisfied with their new vision, with similar high satisfaction rates reported in countries outside the US. The study also identified factors associated with patient dissatisfaction, which will be presented at an upcoming ASCRS symposium.
Neil deGrasse Tyson, director of the Hayden Planetarium, has been recognized for his efforts to popularize science and technology through various outreach initiatives. He will receive the AAAS Public Understanding of Science & Technology Award, which acknowledges his dynamic leadership in engaging the public in science.
Thomas Haigh, a historian of computer technology, is tracing the history of personal computers and their impact on society. He found that despite the initial hype around computers in the 1950s, businesses and employees continued to face similar challenges, such as figuring out how to use new gadgets and processes.
Penn State has launched a major research alliance with Chevron to develop advanced coal conversion and carbon dioxide management technologies. The partnership aims to promote energy innovation, train new generations of experts in energy, and educate the public about energy issues.
A new book from a University of Missouri-Columbia education professor offers technology-based social studies lesson plans for grades kindergarten to 12, preparing students for the digital age. The book covers various tools and simulations, including podcasting, digital movies, and Google Earth, to enhance learning experiences.
Montana State University historians will investigate the technology, science, and pollution associated with two huge copper mines in Montana and Japan. The study aims to understand how different cultures dealt with these issues and explore moral dilemmas surrounding ecological reality.
Scientists at NIST have designed a computer-generated molecule that can cleanly remove fluorine from fluorocarbons. The new compound is designed to mimic the selectivity of enzymes and could potentially replace toxic organometallic compounds, which are currently used but highly inefficient.
A new study in Current Anthropology examines the effect of genetically modified crops on farmers in Warangal District, India. The research reveals a pattern of 'agricultural deskilling' and reliance on social learning, exacerbated by the spread of Bt cotton seeds.
Researchers successfully control rotation of axel-mounted molecular wheel, marking major breakthrough in creating molecular machines. The achievement opens up new possibilities for technological advancements and understanding at the molecular scale.
The CSIRO ICT Centre has demonstrated a point-to-point wireless connection of over six gigabits per second, the highest efficiency ever achieved for such a system. The technology operates at 85GHz and enables the transmission of multiple streams of DVD quality video simultaneously.
Susanne Wetzel and Rebecca Wright are recognized for their work on a new undergraduate degree program in cybersecurity at Stevens Institute of Technology. The program is designed to provide students with security expertise within a broad education, preparing them for careers in information assurance and computer security.
The Stevens Institute of Technology has launched its list of 100 Greatest Science Books, featuring prominent works such as The Varieties of Religious Experience by William James and A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking. Readers are encouraged to engage with the list, share their opinions, and nominate additional candidates.
Ronald Breslow, a trailblazing researcher and prolific author, has been awarded the Othmer Gold Medal for his pioneering work in biomimetic systems and nonbenzenoid aromatic chemistry. His contributions have led to potential breakthroughs in cancer treatment through gene transcription modulation.
The University of Manchester's Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine is conducting a three-month study on infectious diseases. The project will examine the evolving risk of diseases, changing detection requirements, and cutting-edge science to inform future research and management policies.
The exhibition features 12 thematic stations celebrating diversity in fields like genetic research, fashion, and environmental understanding, highlighting the impact of women chemists on our daily lives. Featured chemists include Marie Meurdrac and Susan Solomon.
A national study of 44 African-American Ph.D. chemists found that despite experiencing discriminatory practices and attitudes, most respondents had positive feelings about chemistry and built successful careers. The study highlights the importance of mentoring as a key factor in overcoming obstacles.
The Bechtel Foundation has donated $300,000 to support the development of an atomic testing museum at the Desert Research Institute's Frank H. Rogers Building. The museum will feature exhibits on the Cold War role of the Nevada Test Site and traveling exhibits from the Smithsonian Institution.
A recent study by Dr. Lynette Kvasny found that minority women view technology training as empowering, enabling them to connect with their children and overcome poverty and social alienation. They see IT skills as a means to transform and shape inner-city communities, rather than just advancing in the workplace.