Researchers at Rice University have created a sensor that can detect even tiny amounts of formaldehyde and other gases in real-time, without sampling or laboratory analysis. The sensor boasts several attributes, including high selectivity, speed, portability, and compact size, making it suitable for various applications, such as enviro...
Mathematicians at Ohio State University discovered two new electrochemical activity patterns in brain cells, which may help explain normal sleep changes and nervous system disorders like epilepsy. The research reveals that inhibitory signals can produce smooth waves, contrary to previous assumptions.
As the electric industry transitions to a competitive system, consumers can expect lower electric bills due to increased efficiency and market forces. State regulators will play a crucial role in ensuring that consumers are informed about their rights and responsibilities.
The Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) has selected nine professionals as its 1998 Fellows, recognizing their achievements in the field of food science and technology. The honorees include experts from academia, industry, and government, who have demonstrated a minimum 10-year record of accomplishment in their respective fields.
A team of researchers at Ohio State University has developed a new type of paint that changes color when it detects corrosion on the metal beneath, revealing tiny pockets of damage as shallow as 15 micrometers. This innovative material could help maintenance crews identify and address corrosion issues earlier, reducing the need for cos...
The Sandia chuck uses a thin layer of helium gas to cool silicon wafers, utilizing electrostatic attraction to seal the wafer to a bottom plate. The device features a patterned silicon wafer with tiny islands that support the wafer and allow for rapid clamping and release.
Anthropologist David Price warns that world population's dire Malthusian 'correction' is inevitable due to finite resources. Despite progress in measures to prevent overpopulation, the stakes are higher now than ever, with proportionately more loss expected.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center found that growth factors, known for controlling immune cell production, also increase the ability of immune cells to take up vitamin C. This discovery sheds light on the connection between vitamin C and the immune system, showing how growth factors can boost immune function.
A nationwide study found a significant decline in HIV-related deaths and opportunistic infections from 1994 to mid-1997, largely due to the use of combination antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors. Prescription rates for combination therapy increased dramatically during this period.
A University at Buffalo study found that women typically travel six miles to shop, while men travel an average of 6.5 miles, highlighting the impact of time constraints on shopping decisions. The research suggests that retailers should consider the limitations faced by female customers when developing retail establishments.
Scientists have identified peptides substance P and neurokinin A as key components in the body's pain responses. The study suggests that these peptides work together to produce moderate-to-severe pain, offering a potential target for new pain treatments.
The Fiber and Electro-Optics Research Center at Virginia Tech has received a $9.6 million grant from the Naval Research Laboratory to develop new technologies in microelectronics and nanostructured materials. Researchers aim to create more efficient devices with improved electronic, optical, mechanical properties.
A UCSF research team has made a striking discovery that mild and intense pain are biologically distinct, involving different neurotransmitters. This knowledge could lead to the development of new drugs targeting these molecules to provide effective pain relief with lower morphine doses.
Researchers found that lower precombat and current intelligence were associated with PTSD symptoms among Vietnam veterans. Lower intelligence may lead to increased feelings of overwhelm and helplessness, increasing the risk for chronic PTSD.
The all-terrain wheelchair is designed to cross potholes, hobble over obstacles, and cruise along sandy beaches. It features powered rear wheels and robotic arms that anchor the chair like crutches or ski poles.
Research highlights girls' increased relational victimization, leading to social anxiety, loneliness, and self-restraint issues. The study underscores the importance of studying relational victimization for girls' mental health.
A NASA scientist has found a new puzzle in the sky, an X-ray pulsar that appears to burst twice every 'year' rather than once. Colleen Wilson discovered GRO J2058+42, which has no visible component and exhibits unusual behavior, suggesting it may be a binary star system with a type Be star and a neutron star in a lopsided orbit.
The study reveals human beta-tryptase is a ring-like tetramer with active sites facing a central pore. Its unique architecture explains many of its distinct biochemical properties and will facilitate understanding of its role in health and disease.
Scientists at Duke University discovered a genetic switch that governs prostate cancer progression. The switch controls the production of FGF-R2 receptors, which can lead to
A recent study found that brain-enriched hyaluronan binding protein (BEHAB) is a key factor in brain cancer cells' ability to invade healthy tissue. Researchers hope to develop therapies that block BEHAB's function or reduce its production, potentially slowing tumor progression.
Dr. Joseph Nagyvary discovers that 17th and 18th century Italian violin makers used brine-soaked wood, resulting in vibrant tonal quality. His chemically treated violins are praised by international concert violinists.
Researchers discovered a vast collection of ancient stone tools and fragments in the Sahara Desert, revealing clues about the seasonal inhabitants. The stone artifacts suggest that the nomads moved in specific patterns through the desert, possibly using cattle to transport heavy sandstone boulders.
A recent study published in JAMA found that only 3.3% of white women and 0% of black women with breast cancer had disease-related BRCA1 mutations. The researchers conclude that widespread screening is not necessary for the general American population, but may be beneficial for high-risk families.
Researchers at UNC-CH and Washington University found that only 3.3% of white patients carry the BRCA1 mutation, significantly lower than previous estimates. The study suggests that widespread screening is not warranted due to high costs and limited interpretability.
A new study from Cornell University and the National Center for Health Statistics found that 4% of Americans experience food insufficiency, including 6% of children and 14% of low-income populations. Many individuals without health insurance are forced to choose between paying for healthcare and feeding their families.
A new software program, EXAKT, uses mathematical models to determine the optimal time to replace or repair equipment based on performance data and economic factors. This allows maintenance managers to combine risk assessment and economic considerations in making informed decisions.
Researchers developed two time-saving strategies for drivers to find parking spaces: Pick a Row, Closest Space and Cycling. The first approach requires less driving but more walking, while the second is faster but with slightly longer distances.
A panel of leading research chemists will discuss new ways to fight disease, gene mapping and sequencing's impact on chemistry and medicine, and improving standard living through chemistry. Technologies like buckytube fibers and nanomaterials will also be explored.
Researchers at University of Toronto developed a more accurate glucose intolerance testing method, providing consistent results and reducing nausea. The new standardized test meal will help detect changes in blood sugar before signs of diabetes develop.
The ACS Industry Pavilion features presentations and workshops from renowned scientists, including Nobel laureate Julius Axelrod and pharmaceutical executives. The pavilion also addresses the future of the chemical industry through a panel discussion on trends and their impact on careers.
Industry analysts discuss studies on NAFTA's effects since its implementation, exploring trade increases and their causes. Current conditions suggest a positive impact on the chemical industry, with increased production, consumption, and investment among U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
The event brings together 60 elementary-age students from Dallas-area schools and 30 trained chemistry volunteers for an afternoon of hands-on WonderScience activities. The activities are linked to the National Science Education Standards, fostering long-term commitment to science literacy among young participants.
A prestigious panel will discuss the future of federal funding for research and development, with implications for chemistry research and the nation's status as a world technological leader. The panelists from government, academia, and industry will examine current efforts to double federal funding for research over the next decade.
Researchers have discovered a gene called ARF that attaches to and disables the MDM2 protein, helping to protect the body against cancer. This natural mechanism may be manipulated to treat cancer more effectively or detect it earlier.
A study found that soy protein with phytoestrogens significantly reduced atherosclerosis progression in postmenopausal monkeys, similar to mammalian estrogen therapy. The treatment also improved cholesterol profiles, including increased HDL levels and reduced LDL/VLDL levels.
Researchers discovered that syphilis increases HIV transmission by activating immune cells through bacterial membrane lipoproteins. This understanding could lead to treatments to slow HIV disease progression. The study found a plausible molecular explanation for why people with syphilis are more likely to transmit or contract HIV.
A new study reveals that body fat is significantly associated with increased blood pressure, particularly in women. Researchers found that those who gained more fat over time also experienced higher increases in blood pressure.
Research found genetic make-up plays a significant role in determining individual responses to cholesterol-lowering drugs like Lovastatin. A gene variant associated with unresponsiveness was identified, suggesting that 1 in 12 individuals may not benefit from the treatment.
A study finds that living in poorer communities is associated with worse health, even for individuals with high education and income levels. The research suggests that community characteristics play a significant role in determining health outcomes.
Researchers use high-tech Ground Penetrating Radar to uncover ancient shell middens, revealing Native American cooking practices and sea-level changes in the area. The technique allows for non-invasive exploration of saltwater marshes, providing new insights into the region's history.
Cornell University scientists demonstrate a concept that could be used in ultra-small electronic devices by isolating a single oxygen molecule and causing it to rotate on command. The experiment provided basic research information about the nature of the chemical bond formed when an oxygen molecule is adsorbed to a platinum surface.
A study found that nearly one in five organ donor families would reconsider donating organs if given the chance. Factors such as prior discussion with family members, education level, and religion influenced satisfaction with donation decisions.
A recent study found that soy phytoestrogens provided equivalent stroke-prevention benefits to standard Premarin therapy in postmenopausal monkeys. The treatment reduced internal carotid artery atherosclerosis by more than half, preventing the development of an 'atherogenic plasma lipid profile'.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School found that a protein wireing the developing brain also prevents nerve cells from entering off-limits areas, and plays a role in blood vessel formation. This convergence of two processes may lead to new insights into cancer research and embryology.
A recent study published by the American Heart Association suggests that sex differences in heart disease risk may be attributed to an enzyme called hepatic lipase. Hepatic lipase activity was found to be higher in men than women, and researchers believe this enzyme plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism.
Scientists at Ohio University and Progenitor Inc. use a nonviral gene expression system to eliminate human cancer cells in animals, achieving a 60 percent tumor regression rate. The T7 system allows for transient gene expression and has been shown to be effective against various types of cancers.
A new liquid-manure applicator developed at Purdue University can be integrated into precision farming setups, improving nutrient management and reducing environmental impact. The equipment uses GPS technology and flow measurement systems to accurately apply manure, increasing its value as a sustainable fertilizer source.
Regular cigar smokers face almost double the risk of dying from all forms of cancer combined and certain circulatory conditions, including hypertensive heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Cigar smoke contains toxins such as carbon monoxide, benzene, and nicotine, which can lead to these health risks.
Researchers at the University of Delaware developed a new screening examination to identify athletes who can safely delay reconstructive knee surgery through rehabilitation. The technique uses a stopwatch, tape measure, and questionnaires to assess outstanding rehabilitation potential.
A study by Deborah R. Young found that t'ai chi lowered systolic blood pressure in sedentary older adults, with significant effects seen after six weeks of exercise. The benefits were comparable to those achieved through moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.
Researchers have found a genetic component to blood clotting abnormalities that increase the tendency of forming dangerous clots on the inside lining of blood vessels. The studies suggest that genetic variations in certain genes may contribute to increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
University of Rochester engineers have developed self-assembly technique to create large, three-dimensional objects. These structures are made up of millions of molecules and can fluoresce, making them well-defined and discrete, with applications in drug delivery and various other fields.
A study of 290 hospital patients found that nearly 60% had vitamin D deficiency, with severe cases common among those without known risk factors. The researchers highlight the importance of screening and treating low vitamin D levels to prevent bone-related issues and fractures.
A team of researchers has identified a defective gene, DFNA15, that causes progressive hearing loss in an Israeli family. The gene was pinpointed using a mouse model and is crucial for normal development of mouse hearing.
Studies have consistently shown that long-term cigarette smoke exposure increases cardiovascular risk factors among non-smokers. Research by the American Heart Association reveals a significant association between passive smoking and higher rates of heart disease and stroke.
A new study by University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researchers found that adolescents who participated in a health and physical education program lowered their total fat and LDL cholesterol levels by an average of 7% and 10%, respectively. The study showed that vigorous exercise was more effective in reducing cholesterol levels...
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory used seismic data from 40,000 earthquakes to characterize the Earth's structure from crust to inner core. They found evidence of heterogeneity in the outer core, suggesting a liquid iron-nickel-sulfur compound that could help explain the Earth's magnetic field.
Researchers capture first 'snapshots' of protein molecule converting light into chemical energy in under one billionth of a second. The breakthrough could lead to new optical computer mechanisms and insights into biomolecules.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has been awarded $2.1 million for three projects that could lead to new disease identification methods, improved glass production, and faster semiconductor devices. The funding is part of a larger DOE initiative with industry partners IBM, Corning, SEMATECH, and Genometrix.
A study of 6,100 veterans found that diuretics and diuretic plus beta-blocker regimens were the most effective in lowering blood pressure, producing average pressures of 140.1/81.9 mmHg. In contrast, calcium channel blockers had the highest average pressures of 149.0/86.5 mmHg.