Scientists Yonathan Shapir and Jacob Jorné discovered that natural cycles generate fractal patterns, governing everything from weather to cauliflower heads. This breakthrough enables the prediction of events like car battery lifespan, lawn growth, and tumor cell behavior, with potential applications in engineering and medicine.
A study by Penn State researcher Dr. S. E. Specter found that young men who ate mashed potatoes prepared with heart-healthy mono unsaturated oil stayed satiated longer than those who ate the same lunch with rice or polyunsaturated oil.
A Penn State researcher suggests listing energy density on Nutrition Facts labels to encourage people to choose lower-calorie, yet still satisfying foods. This approach can help reduce calorie intake and combat the current obesity epidemic.
Scientists have identified a number of genes specifically regulated by the hormone leptin, which is produced by fat tissue and secreted into the bloodstream. These findings offer new insights into how leptin causes fat loss and decreased appetite, and may also provide new targets for drugs designed to stimulate weight loss.
Researchers developed an intensive treatment combining radiation and chemotherapy to control locally advanced head and neck cancer, achieving complete local control for 92% of patients. The therapy increased long-term survival to 55%, with most side effects resolving after treatment.
A new telehealth technology called I-SITE is being used to fight a growing epidemic of diabetic blindness in First Nation Canadian communities. The system has successfully diagnosed and treated diabetic retinopathy, saving eyesight in patients who would otherwise have gone blind.
A new wave/current/surge information system will provide accurate storm surge predictions and support evacuation plans. The system, called WAVCIS, uses offshore instruments to measure oceanographic conditions.
Researchers have identified a crucial gene defect that hinders the ability of cells to repair DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. This deficiency may lead to diseases such as Cockayne's syndrome and increase the risk of cancer, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers have successfully engineered cancer cells that can suppress growth at secondary sites, a breakthrough with implications for the treatment of cancers that metastasize. By inhibiting cell growth at the site of metastasis, these cells may be able to treat existing tumors by blocking their ability to grow.
TAPET technology, a genetically altered Salmonella bacteria, shows improved antitumor activity when combined with radiation therapy. The NIH/NCI-funded SBIR grant aims to confirm this benefit in animal studies and develop a 'triple play' treatment for solid tumors.
Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center discovered a protein, Rrn3, that regulates cell growth in both humans and yeast. The protein appears to be a key player in an as-yet-unidentified cell-signaling pathway, potentially making it a unique drug target for cancer treatment.
A Penn State biologist has identified 13 sunfish and sucker species as being at high risk of extinction, primarily due to their isolated distributions and limited geographical range sizes. The study found that larger body size is associated with a higher risk of extinction in sunfish, but not in suckers.
A multicenter clinical trial has found that premature infant formula containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) improves visual development in preterm infants. The study involved 470 premature infants who received either DHA- and AA- fortified formula or standard premature infant formula.
New research reveals that menstrual function matures rapidly after the first period, accompanied by a surge in hormones, rather than gradually over four to six years as previously thought. This finding has significant implications for adolescent pregnancy prevention and contraception initiation.
Scientists from various disciplines gather to develop recommendations for restoring Pacific rivers for salmon habitats. The workshop aims to select candidate watersheds and measurements for evaluating restoration success, bringing together expertise in watershed restoration.
A new study published in the journal Science suggests that low-mass stars called red supergiants may die explosively rather than fade away quietly. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of nucleosynthesis, stellar structure, and the evolution of stars.
A new study suggests that a caspase-inhibiting drug could help delay ALS symptoms and prolong life. Researchers found that mice treated with zVAD-fmk lived 22% longer than untreated littermates, providing proof of principle for this potential treatment.
A study led by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has identified key changes in surface proteins of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that enable it to evade the immune system. The research found that these changes occur early in the infection process and can determine whether a person will develop chronic or acute HCV disease.
Hawaii's dry forests require more than just grazing removal to regenerate; invasive species like non-native rodents and fountain grass also play a significant role. Active management is necessary to control these invaders and reintroduce native species, say researchers.
Researchers discovered a robust immune response in adolescents infected with HIV, suggesting they may benefit from aggressive early treatment. The study found higher levels of CD8 naïve T lymphocytes, which could mount an effective immune response against the virus.
A new study has revealed that Italian wolves have maintained a pure population despite facing threats such as competition for food and space. The researchers analyzed mitochondrial DNA samples from over 100 Italian wolves, finding unique sequences that indicate the species has remained genetically distinct from feral dogs.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have found evidence of brain-stem damage in Gulf War veterans who experience dizziness, suggesting that the symptoms are caused by chemical and nerve agent exposure. The study also highlights a higher risk of death in motor vehicle accidents among these veterans.
Researchers have identified conserved non-coding sequences (CNSs) in the human genome that regulate gene expression, using comparative analysis techniques with mice. These regulatory sequences were found to be present across various mammals, indicating their importance in biological functions.
Researchers found that Florida scrub-jays nesting along roadsides die at a higher rate than those on non-road territories, with up to half of new breeders dying in their first two years. The roadside death rate is particularly high for young fledglings and newly arrived breeders.
Researchers found that airborne sea salt particles undergo a chemical reaction in daylight to release chlorine molecules, which can influence ozone levels. This discovery suggests that sea salt particles may play a significant role in determining the levels of certain greenhouse gases and air pollutants in coastal urban areas.
A study of 99 mothers found that those who smoked during pregnancy had toddlers with higher levels of impulsivity, risk-taking, and rebelliousness. The researchers speculate that reducing maternal smoking could lead to a decrease in childhood negativity.
The decoded genetic information contains an estimated 10-15,000 genes linked to diseases such as kidney disease, cancer, and hypertension. Researchers can now mine this data for advances in basic understanding of life and applications like diagnosing and treating diseases.
A study of 294 adolescents found that having an adult mentor significantly reduces the likelihood of engaging in high-risk behaviors such as carrying a weapon, using illicit drugs, and smoking. Mentorship appears to be an effective strategy in reducing certain risk behaviors and their consequences.
Researchers found nearly 1,000 cave species in the continental US, with over 60% living in a single county or cave. Protecting land above caves is crucial to save these species from disruptions to vegetation and drainage basins.
A recent study updated the classic 'Stigler's Diet Problem' to reflect current dietary recommendations and prices. The results show that a woman's diet is approximately $115.40 cheaper than a man's, with daily costs of $535.27 for women and $651.27 for men.
The National Reading Panel concludes that a combination of teaching phonics, word sounds, and providing feedback on oral reading is the most effective way to teach children to read. The panel's rigorous scientific review identifies systematic phonics instruction as a key component of classroom reading instruction.
The journal features novel approaches to analyzing complex peptides, such as pramlintide, and developing injectable implants for sustained drug release. Liposomes are also explored as carriers for antimicrobial peptides like Leucinostatin A.
Researchers have found a way to convert oil to methane gas using specialized microorganisms living beneath the earth's surface. This breakthrough could lead to safer oil exploration and more efficient extraction methods.
A large-scale NHLBI study found a significant relationship between sleep apnea and hypertension, with middle-aged adults at highest risk. The study revealed that even moderate levels of sleep apnea can increase the risk of hypertension in all participants, regardless of age or weight.
A study found that young women with diseases requiring strict diets may experience unhealthy eating attitudes and behaviors, which can increase the risk of vascular complications and brain damage. The research highlights the need for clinicians to monitor signs of disordered eating in patients with chronic diseases.
A new study by Dr. Wafaa M. El-Sadr found that HIV-infected patients with restored immunity can safely defer taking prophylactic antibiotics due to low infection rates. The study showed that antiretroviral therapy reconstitutes protective immunity, reducing the risk of opportunistic infections.
A recent study published in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior found that caring for an ill or disabled family member can increase emotional distress and accumulate over time. Women who care for their loved ones experience higher levels of distress, particularly those who provide long-term care.
A partnership between conservation organizations and universities uses remote sensing technology to assess gorilla habitat, track population, and manage National Parks. The project aims to rebuild Rwanda's national university and recover from a devastating war and genocide.
Researchers found that oxidants are necessary for endothelial cell migration and wound healing after vascular injury. Oxidants stimulate the production of actin fibers, allowing cells to move towards injured sites.
Researchers discovered a group of genes controlled by leptin that regulate fat tissue mass and body weight. The study found that leptin influences fatty acid synthesis through the regulation of SREBP-1, identifying potential therapeutic targets for treating obesity.
A study of 558 students and professionals found that religious individuals value interdependence with others, whereas non-religious people prioritize self-reliance. This contradicts common criticisms that religious dependence is a sign of weakness.
Borggaard, a Virginia Tech assistant professor, has made important contributions to the Air Force's science and technology needs with his work on continuous sensitivity equation methods. His research aims to reduce design cycle times and improve aerodynamic flows, benefiting aircraft performance and fuel efficiency.
Researchers found that using handrails on a stepping machine reduces maximum heart rates by up to 5% and oxygen uptake by up to 8%. Women are advised to keep their hands off the rails for optimal results. The study, published in Research in Nursing & Health, suggests women should use a light touch or avoid using handrails altogether.
A team of University of Massachusetts researchers has developed a way to make molecules that are too small to be seen, behave in a predictable and orderly way. The finding could lead to the creation of faster computers and ultra-sensitive sensors.
A Mayo Clinic study finds surgery and anesthesia as independent risk factors for ischemic stroke within 30 days after surgery. The relative risk was elevated for both high-risk and lower-risk surgeries.
Researchers have developed a new technique to identify elusive human genes expressed at low levels, which could play crucial roles in normal processes or disease prevention. The approach reduces the 'tail' of genetic material, retaining more copies of these genes and increasing their discovery rate.
University of Florida researchers Richard Elston and Zhuomin Zhang won the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. The award includes a $500,000 research grant to support their independent research careers. The recipients' work focuses on advancing basic science in heat transfer and thermodynamics.
Researchers found that 10 out of 20 bioflavonoids tested caused breaks in the MLL gene, which is a key player in about 80% of infant leukemias. The study suggests that high dietary intake of bioflavonoids could cause DNA damage and potentially trigger leukemia.
A nerve protein known as the capsaicin receptor triggers pain signals when exposed to heat or noxious chemicals, contributing to pain from tissue injury and inflammation. Blocking this receptor may ease some kinds of pain, such as visceral pain conditions.
A three-year study by OHSU researchers shows a team-centered model program reduces drug use and improves nutrition behaviors among male high school athletes. The ATLAS program integrated education on substance abuse, nutrition, and strength training, resulting in decreased substance use and improved self-esteem.
A recent study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that HIV-positive smokers are up to seven times more likely to develop emphysema. Early emphysema was detected in people with an average age of 35, highlighting the importance of quitting smoking for those living with HIV.
People with AIDS-defining illnesses are at higher risk of developing memory loss and cognitive problems, including dementia. This poses a challenge for treatment adherence and overall public health.
A recent Mayo Clinic study found that patients with CMV disease used significantly more resources and had higher charges than those without infection. Preventive treatment of CMV in high-risk patients can significantly reduce these costs.
Dr. Sanjay Raman is developing single IC chip technology that can integrate antennas and electronics in wireless devices, enabling smaller devices with vast applications in military, medical, and environmental fields. He also aims to create comprehensive communications curriculums at Virginia Tech.
A large study of over 13,000 participants found an inverse relationship between blood levels of vitamin C and the prevalence of gallbladder disease in women. Women with higher vitamin C levels had a lower risk of symptomatic gallbladder disease and asymptomatic gallstones.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago found a common genetic link between diverse age-related diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. The activation of the p21 gene may contribute to the development of these diseases by stopping cells from growing and dividing.
A new meta-analysis of 24 studies found that allergy shots can effectively treat allergic asthma in both adults and children, reducing symptoms and improving lung function. The research suggests that up to half of all adult asthmatics and an even greater proportion of children may benefit from immunotherapy.
A study found that prenatal exposure to DDE and PCBs increased the size of children at puberty, with boys growing taller and heavier and some girls becoming heavier for their heights. The findings suggest a potential link between environmental pollutants and childhood growth.
A new study has found a significant link between radiation exposure and an increased risk of multiple myeloma among nuclear workers, with older workers facing the highest risks. Workers exposed to ionizing radiation had a 3.5-fold higher mortality rate compared to those with lower exposures.
Researchers found that taking American ginseng before a meal reduced blood sugar levels in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. The study's findings suggest that controlling after-meal blood sugar levels may be an important strategy in managing diabetes and preventing its onset.