A survey of 81 school districts in 11 states found that few schools are using effective anti-drug programs, with the most common programs being unproven. Effective programs such as Reconnecting Youth and Life Skills Training are available but often lack funding and teacher training.
Researchers at HHMI discovered that crossing two related mouse species results in abnormalities in gene imprinting and growth abnormalities in hybrid offspring. The study found that disruptions in growth contribute to speciation by reflecting a rapidly evolving divergence between species.
Researchers have developed a method to deliver nucleotides directly into tumor cells, assembling them on their own. This approach may lead to new treatments with improved efficacy and reduced side effects for various types of cancer.
A University of Washington study found that real-world job training can significantly reduce the likelihood of ex-felons returning to prison. The successful trainees also earned more money and worked longer hours than those in dead-end jobs.
A study found that surgeons in Ontario have differing opinions on when to perform surgery on children with ear infections, citing varying factors. The researchers surveyed 17 clinical and social factors, but only six were agreed upon, highlighting the need for a revised approach to addressing this common Canadian procedure.
A new drug, modafinil, has been shown to effectively treat fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients, with over 85% of participants able to identify the active ingredient. The study found that modafinil improved fatigue severity and had minimal side effects, making it a promising first-line treatment for MS patients.
Researchers found that TRAIL causes catastrophic damage to human liver cells, but not to liver cells from mice and nonhuman primates. The study's findings indicate that results of standard preclinical tests may mislead investigators about an agent's safety for use in humans.
Researchers studied microbes living in Yellowstone National Park's hot springs to better interpret samples from Mars for signs of life. They developed a systematic model for travertine deposition, which could aid in identifying ancient microbial life.
A unique residential laboratory is being used to study the impact of technology on domestic lifestyle, with a focus on enhancing home life and family connections. Researchers aim to discover technology combinations that can unobtrusively enhance lifestyle in the home.
A new software program developed by Emory researchers uses data from 840 previous patients to predict outcomes in new patients. The genetic adaptive model has an accuracy rate of 76 percent and can help determine a patient's chances of cancer recurrence after treatment, guiding doctors towards the best treatment option.
Researchers found a new class of drugs called selective apoptotic anti-neoplastic drugs (SAANDs) that can safely slow tumor growth in men with advanced prostate cancer. The study showed significant results with minimal side effects.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new membrane filtration system that enhances the nutritional value of coproducts, including gluten meal and gluten feed. This could lead to increased demand for corn and make ethanol production more profitable.
Researchers at MIT have discovered a key role for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in fetal development of the respiratory system. The study found that abnormal activity of this receptor may lead to problems in newborns, such as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and breathing difficulties.
Researchers have identified three recurrent BRCA1 mutations in Polish breast-ovarian cancer families, suggesting founder mutations. These mutations, 5382insC, C61G, and 4153delA, account for 82% of the study's findings, enabling more efficient screening and diagnosis.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have designed and constructed a small robotic 'bug' that can scuttle more than half a mile on a single battery charge. The robot, which is about three inches long and weighs two ounces, uses an unusual material called piezoelectric ceramic to achieve its motion.
Researchers developed a novel fabrication technique that uses magnetic actuation to assemble large arrays of three-dimensional microstructures. The method involves casting individual components in place and using a magnetic field to fold them into shape.
Researchers found that mountainous areas can receive dramatically different amounts of pollutants and excess nutrients, creating 'hotspots' with high ecological sensitivity. The study suggests that estimates of atmospheric deposition must take into account complex mountain landscapes, elevations, aspect, and vegetation type.
Researchers found that inhibiting triglyceride synthesis, a key step in fat regulation, results in obesity resistance in mice. The study suggests that blocking DGAT-mediated triglyceride synthesis may be a potential strategy for treating obesity.
The UNC-CH survey found that only a third of schools use Life Skills Training, and a quarter use Project ALERT, two programs proven to be effective in preventing adolescent drug experimentation. Many coordinators lack full-time staff to devote to drug prevention, with only 25% having one or more employees doing so.
The UC Berkeley team has developed a set of principles that apply to animal locomotion of all kinds, from running to flying. Their research has led to breakthroughs in robot design, ergonomics, and even computer animation, with potential applications in fields like engineering and Pixar Animation Studios.
Tornado researcher Andrew Pazmany heads to the Great Plains to track supercells and determine conditions that enable F4/F5 tornadoes. He will use a modified marine radar to analyze storm structures and distances.
A new study by Oregon State University found that postmenopausal women who participate in a long-term fitness regimen can prevent significant bone loss in the hip. The exercise program, which includes weighted vests and jumping exercises, showed a significant reduction in bone density loss compared to a control group.
Researchers found that a 200 milligram-per-day dose of the narcolepsy drug modafinil successfully controlled fatigue in patients with MS, a disease that attacks the nervous system. The study involved 72 patients with severe fatigue and MS, who reported significantly less fatigue when taking the 200 mg dose compared to the placebo.
Researchers at University of Illinois find organelle with acidocalcisome properties, crucial for malaria parasite's existence, and propose using pyrophosphate analogs to target it. This discovery may lead to new treatment options against rapidly resistant malaria.
Researchers found a 28% decline in brain network density with normal aging in monkeys, which was reversed by transplanting genetically programmed nerve growth factor-producing cells. This approach may be useful for treating Alzheimer's disease, with clinical trials underway.
A step-by-step treatment approach called brief eclectic psychotherapy (BEP) significantly reduced PTSD symptoms in Dutch police officers. BEP incorporated various techniques, including imaginary reliving and farewell rituals, which helped officers regain control of their lives.
Celiac disease patients have higher zonulin levels, which contribute to intestinal permeability and immune system modulation. Increased zonulin is also linked to other autoimmune disorders such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers present promising treatments for renal cell carcinoma using 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence detection, as well as a vaginal mucosal vaccine for recurrent urinary tract infections. Additionally, studies investigate the long-term health-related quality of life impacts of different prostate cancer therapies.
Researchers Jens Gundlach and Stephen Merkowitz present the most precise measurement of Isaac Newton's gravitational constant, reducing uncertainty by nearly a factor of 100. Their calculations yield an Earth mass of approximately 5.972 sextillion metric tons.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that people with high hostility and anger levels showed higher homocysteine concentrations, associated with coronary heart disease. The study also revealed that men are more likely to have higher homocysteine levels due to increased hostility and inhibition of anger.
Researchers at National Jewish Health discovered how proteins IL-15 and IL-2 work together to control the immune response against viruses. The proteins balance the production and division of memory killer T cells, allowing the immune system to battle antigens with a controlled response.
Researchers have discovered that synuclein plays a crucial role in communication between neurons, potentially shedding light on the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The study provides strong evidence that synucleins control the release of neurotransmitters from nerve cells.
Scientists analyze melt inclusions in Hawaiian crystals, finding highly unusual trace-element contents that match a specific rock type. The study confirms a giant recycling process where ancient oceanic crust is melted and re-formed in the Earth's mantle.
Case Western Reserve University researchers have developed a prototype of a miniature fuel cell with a volume of five cubic millimeters. The new cell uses hydrogen as a fuel and is produced using high-tech micro-fabrication techniques, enabling low-cost production.
After a 13-year study, researchers found no significant increase in cancer mortality among TMI residents. Initial results showed higher mortality from heart disease, but these were largely attributed to smoking habits and education levels.
Researchers found that cow clones exhibit youthful telomeres, indicating a potential for increased lifespan, whereas normal cells age prematurely. This breakthrough erases doubts about cloning's utility by showing it doesn't rob cells of their normal lifespan.
A large randomized clinical trial shows that self-hypnotic relaxation techniques can decrease pain medication use, reduce operating room time, and improve vital signs during surgery. The study's findings suggest that hypnosis can be a safe and effective method for reducing anxiety and pain in patients undergoing invasive procedures.
French researchers develop gene therapy to treat human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) X1, a life-threatening disease. Two infants experience 'striking' clinical improvements and return to normal immune system functioning without side effects.
University of Florida researchers have developed a molecule that can rearrange genes or monitor their impacts, enabling the study of genetic disorders. The synthetic DNA beacon has also been used to detect toxins in single cells, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Scholz et al. study reveals significant genomic differences between Neandertal and human fossils, suggesting separate evolutionary histories. The researchers used a novel method to assess cross-hybridization of fossil DNA, allowing them to distinguish two well-defined Neandertal fossils from modern humans.
A new study by University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researchers found that high-quality childcare improves intellectual and language skills in infants and toddlers, even in those from low-income families. The study followed 89 black children in 27 U.S. care centers between ages 6 months and four years.
Researchers at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute solved the structure of the reovirus core, a double-stranded RNA virus that bears similarity to pathogens such as rotavirus. The study reveals how the core synthesizes, modifies, and exports viral messenger RNA, ultimately leading to viral replication and takeover of host cells.
Researchers found that weight resistance exercises improved strength and independence among frail elderly participants, enabling them to perform daily activities more independently. The training also led to reduced hospitalizations and deaths, with shorter average hospital stays for those who exercised.
Researchers at ZymoGenetics developed a novel immunosuppressive agent that inhibits disease symptoms in mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The treatment works by capturing a cytokine that stimulates B cells to make antibodies, reducing their destructive impact on the body.
A new study suggests that Istanbul is likely to suffer a major earthquake within the next 30 years. The research estimates a 62% probability of strong shaking near the city, comparable to recent disasters in Izmit and Düzce.
Researchers at Ohio State University developed new radar antenna designs to detect and disable buried land mines. The dishes and rod-shaped antennas can identify mines like fingerprints identify people, while being mounted on a cart or hand-held.
A new study at Ohio State University suggests that Vietnamese Amerasians' thoughts and feelings about their American biological fathers play a powerful role in how well they adjust to life in the United States. The study found that those who reported frequent thoughts of their biological father experienced higher levels of psychologica...
Researchers develop novel method of membrane fusion to transfer infertile woman's nucleus into donor egg, enabling nearly full genetic contribution. The technique could help women with embryo development failures due to cytoplasmic defects in their own eggs.
Researchers at Advanced Cell Technology successfully reversed the aging process in cells, potentially leading to treatments for age-related diseases. The breakthrough involves using cloning technology to reset the cellular clock, allowing cells to divide indefinitely.
A computer-based tutorial program developed by Temple University professor Brian P. Butz determines a student's strengths and weaknesses, creating an individualized learning plan. The system also offers immediate feedback on simulation projects and replicates actual lab conditions in a virtual electrical laboratory.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that zafirlukast effectively reduces lung and nasal allergic symptoms in cat allergy sufferers. The study tested 18 individuals with cat allergies, showing significant relief from wheezing and shortness of breath.
Riparian forest management prioritizes both water and forest health to protect essential links between land and water. The book provides site-specific guidelines for addressing fragmented ecosystems and diverse interest groups, ensuring the health of eastern riparian landscapes.
Alexandra Witze and Richard Hill win AGU journalism awards for their investigative stories on the Kerguelen Plateau and earthquake forecasting in Oregon. The awards recognize excellence in science writing and honor the scientists who inspired their work.
A new study finds that Risperdal treatment reduces clinical outcomes, relapse risk by 30%, and significantly lowers medication costs compared to olanzapine. The results suggest that better schizophrenia treatment can improve patients' lives while reducing healthcare burdens.
Researchers successfully sent encrypted messages using quantum entanglement, a phenomenon that allows particles to be linked across distances. The demonstration marks a significant step towards creating secret codes that are virtually unbreakable and could eventually replace current data encryption methods.
Researchers have localized a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia on chromosome 1, according to a study published in Science. The study involved assessing 300 individuals from 22 Canadian families with a high incidence of schizophrenia over a 12-year period.
A study published in Annals of Neurology reveals that people with migraines experience extreme skin sensitivity, which may explain why current medications are ineffective. The researchers suggest treating migraines as soon as the pain starts and developing new treatments targeting spinal cord neurons.
Two studies found that large managed behavioral health organizations deny fewer treatment services than previously thought, while also reducing costs. The private sector outperformed VA hospitals on most quality measures, but the VA treats a more troubled population and has improved over time.
A study found that moderate alcohol consumption can inhibit internal platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of heart attacks and coronary artery disease. However, the study's lead author emphasized that individual drinking habits should not be directly linked to the findings.
Researchers at Schepens Eye Research Institute have found that the HMG I-C gene causes tumors called lipomas in fat tissue, which can become malignant. The study suggests targeting this molecule could be useful for treating obesity and lipoma-related cancers.