A recent analysis published in The Lancet suggests that routine breast cancer screening through mammography may not be effective in reducing deaths. The study found that the two best trials failed to show an effect of screening on deaths ascribed to breast cancer after 13 years, and that screening leads to more aggressive treatment.
The FEL center is exploring applications in laser surgery, producing monochromatic X-rays for sharper images, and characterizing proteins through heat-induced release from gels. Researchers have successfully performed human surgeries using the FEL beam.
A systematic overview of 22 trials found that preoperative radiotherapy reduces local recurrences by half compared to surgery alone, with a third reduction in postoperative radiotherapy. Fewer patients who received preoperative radiotherapy died from rectal cancer, but early deaths increased.
New research from the University of Pennsylvania suggests that physiology, particularly the vagus nerve, plays a role in gender differences in food choices. Studies found that women exhibited diminished vagally-mediated hormonal and gastric responses to food compared to men, which could explain why women tend to prefer healthier foods.
Female mice displayed higher sensitivity to amphetamines before and after puberty, differing from male mice who showed no changes, according to a study published by the American Physiological Society.
Researchers have identified a novel mechanism for activating G-proteins without external stimulation, which supports cellular polarity in asymmetrically dividing cells. This discovery has significant implications for understanding disease mechanisms and developing novel therapies.
A new study simulates the Atlantic Ocean floor's movement over millions of years, predicting that it will plunge beneath the North American continent. The process is expected to take around three million years, triggered by water seeping into offshore rock and making it softer.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that nearly half of people receiving antiretroviral treatment for HIV-1 developed clinical adverse effects, while 27% experienced laboratory adverse effects. The authors emphasize the need for postmarketing surveillance to improve tolerability of anti-HIV-1 treatment.
A multidisciplinary team has successfully created through-bond electrical contacts with single molecules and achieved reproducible measurements of their conductivity. The breakthrough resolves a decades-long problem in understanding the electrical properties of small numbers of molecules.
Theoretical physicists at UB have developed a system that can reduce the amplitude of physical impact by 95-98 percent, and harness dissipated energy into usable thermal energy. The research has potential applications in bridge, ship, and building protection, as well as harnessing energy from natural phenomena.
Researchers find that hormonal manipulation has no effect on virus responses in female rodents, suggesting genetic differences may be involved. In contrast, castrated male rats exhibit female-type responses to hantavirus infection.
Research by Harriet Hanlon explores how neural networks process language skills in boys and girls, finding differences in brain connectivity that impact reading abilities. The study suggests a balanced approach to language instruction can benefit both sexes.
Research suggests that estrogen replacement drugs can modify vein function in ways that increase the risk of venous thrombosis. Studies using adult female pigs found that hormone replacement therapies containing estradiol and SERMs altered cellular processes in veins, leading to changes in diameter, relaxation, and coagulation.
A 30-million-year-old lemur fossil, Bugtilemur mathesoni, found in Pakistan's Bugti Hills provides a rare glimpse into the evolution of strepsirrhine primates. The discovery sheds new light on the origins of lemurs and their close relatives, the lorises.
Researchers at NHLBI discovered that women with LAM have a high rate of meningiomas, a surprising finding that has implications for diagnosis and treatment. The study suggests using MRI scans to screen for tumors and avoiding progesterone in affected patients.
Ocean fertilization could remove carbon from the atmosphere but poses risks to global oceans. MIT prof Sallie Chisholm argues that large-scale implementation is not a solution to climate change.
The E-Screening Pilot Program uses electronic screening to check a moving vehicle's weight, height, safety history and tax/registration status. Cleared vehicles bypass weigh stations while those flagged 'at risk' are directed in for closer inspection.
A study published by Harvard University Medical School found that during a woman's menstrual cycle, estrogen levels may shield them from cocaine's brain-altering effects. The findings suggest progesterone and testosterone enhance cocaine-induced vasoconstriction, while estrogen may blunt its vascular effects.
Researchers describe how sodium ions control electron hole migration through DNA, potentially initiating damage to genetic coding. The study suggests that water molecules, sodium ions, and DNA backbone work together to regulate electrical charge transport.
Researchers have discovered a new source of information to aid in weather forecasting, leveraging shifts in stratospheric winds to predict surface weather two months in advance. The study reveals that changes in the stratosphere can influence storm tracks and extreme cold events in the Northern hemisphere.
Estrogen controls lymphocyte formation and replenishment of the immune system by binding to hormone receptors found only in rare "precursors" within adult bone marrow. This discovery reveals that various kinds of stem cells may differ between fetal and adult life, protecting the fetus's immune system from estrogen-related compounds.
A systematic review of 11 studies from sub-Saharan Africa found that 75% of women underwent caesarean sections for maternal reasons, with prolonged labour and placental abruption being common causes. The authors suggest a need for improved obstetric guidelines to reduce mortality rates.
Researchers found significant susceptibility for thyroid autoimmune disorders and Type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with DQ2 alleles, primarily transmitted from fathers to affected daughters. Hormonal factors may also regulate this interaction, as observed in the transmission of disease to pre- and postpubertal individuals.
A recent study by UC Santa Barbara scientists found that sexual reproduction outperforms asexual reproduction in terms of progressive evolution and genetic diversity. This is because sexual reproduction allows for greater genetic variation and mixing, which accelerates the accumulation of beneficial mutations.
Using six years of beetle population data, researchers improved modeling tools for explaining fluctuations in animal numbers. The study found that combining different models and considering lattice effects can provide a more accurate understanding of population patterns.
A new study suggests that lowland deforestation may be robbing mountain cloud forests of critical cloud cover, threatening their survival. Breaking up deforested land into a mosaic of uses can help restore cloud formation.
Cornell University has been awarded a grant to develop the core infrastructure for a national online science library. The system will collect information from hundreds of sources in various formats and provide access via the World Wide Web.
Researchers investigated how men and women's livers respond differently to chronic ethanol consumption. The study found that female rats' ability to activate protective genes was impaired compared to males, increasing their risk of liver damage when exposed to the same amount of alcohol.
A meta-analysis of 27 trials involving over 136,000 people found that lowering high blood pressure is the most important effect of all drug treatments, with little difference between various drugs used. The study's results support the importance of detecting and treating raised blood pressure to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Researchers found that men exhibited a decrease in coordination during exercise-induced hypoxia, whereas women showed an increase. Conversely, women had lower ventilatory responses to hypoxia compared to men.
A powerful molecular motor enables the virus to pack its DNA under high pressure, compacting it nearly 6,000 times its normal volume. The motor generates an enormous force of 57-60 picoNewtons, enough to lift six aircraft carriers.
Researchers investigating cumulative effect of maternal cocaine use on infants' mental development, examining interactions with environment, family violence, and substance co-use. The study aims to understand how children develop self-regulation and control impulses.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered that a combination of Vitamin E and aspirin can significantly delay the development of atherosclerosis in mice with high cholesterol levels. The study found that the production of plaque in blood vessels was lowered by over 80%.
A recent study has identified a protein called Akt1 that promotes the growth and increase in size of pancreatic β cells, which can help prevent or treat type 2 diabetes. The researchers found that mice bred to produce excess Akt1 protein were more tolerant of glucose and resistant to diabetes.