Dr. Edie Widder's new deep-sea camera system, 'Eye in the Sea', will be deployed in Monterey Canyon off California to capture bioluminescent flashes and take digital images. The system uses stealth technology to avoid scaring away deep-sea creatures.
The Darwin Site, established in 2002, is the fifth ARM site and first with an international partner. It features state-of-the-art instruments to measure cloud properties and atmospheric conditions, contributing to more accurate climate models. The research aims to improve predictions of global warming and climate change.
Purdue University scientists are using breakthrough molecular research and new technologies to diagnose Johne's disease in cattle. The disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, can lead to $1 billion in U.S. cattle industry losses annually.
Scientists discover that enzymes like p38 contain two binding sites, one for active site and another to tether substrate. This new understanding reveals a switch-like mechanism in cellular signaling.
The quasar APM 08279+5255 has a three times larger iron fraction than our solar system, contrary to expectations. This suggests an unknown efficient way of producing iron or the universe may be older than expected.
Researchers will quantify the long-term effects of PM2.5 particles on lung function and asthma exacerbations in children with moderate to severe asthma. The study aims to determine if environmental interventions can reduce asthma severity and improve lung function.
A new study from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute finds that a worksite program combining smoking cessation with occupational health and safety initiatives significantly increased quit rates among blue-collar workers. The program's success suggests that similar approaches could be effective in other industries.
Researchers have calculated that Alaska glaciers contribute significantly to global sea-level rise, with most glaciers losing mass over the past four decades. The study found that Alaska's glaciers raise the level of Earth's oceans by more than one-tenth of a millimeter each year.
A study found that subjects with one or two copies of a short gene variant experienced greater activation of the amygdala when shown pictures of scary faces. This variation in the serotonin transporter gene may influence an individual's temperament and anxiety traits.
A study of 50,000 women with invasive breast cancer and 97,000 without found that reduced breastfeeding contributed significantly to the disease's high incidence. The research suggests that increased breastfeeding could prevent around 5% of breast cancers each year.
A retrospective analysis of 4,054 study participants found that enalapril, an ACE inhibitor commonly given to patients with heart failure, is effective in both black and white populations. Despite equal response rates, black patients still had increased rates of progression to heart failure.
Cornell University marine biologists have found Japanese shore crabs in Penobscot Bay, a species that poses a direct threat to soft-shell clams, mussels, and lobsters. The discovery means the bay has become the most-northern point along the Atlantic seaboard where these invasive crabs have been spotted.
The Prostate Interactive Educational System (PIES) is an interactive, computer-based program designed to provide comprehensive information tailored to the patient's preferences. The program will present disease and treatment information, a virtual support group, and allow patients to jot down notes in a virtual notebook.
Researchers identified a novel class of G proteins in yeast that could play a role in sensing unique signals important for health and disease. The discovery offers potential for developing new drugs targeting G protein-coupled receptors, which are involved in various diseases.
Researchers have found that a gene repair mechanism called MBD4 enzyme can reduce gene mutations in mice, which are up to three times more common without the enzyme. This discovery may aid in understanding how cancer develops and finding new treatments.
A new study found that adolescents with ADHD symptoms are more likely to smoke, highlighting the potential for targeting tobacco control efforts towards high-risk youth. The researchers also suggest that nicotine may help manage ADHD symptoms.
Researchers have developed a potential treatment for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) by using CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to stimulate the immune system. Studies on mice infected with scrapie prions showed improved survival times, suggesting a possible therapeutic approach for human CJD patients.
Researchers created a new mouse model that mimics the natural development of epilepsy, revealing the crucial role of astrocytes in seizure disorders. The study, led by David H. Gutmann and Kelvin Yamada, found that mice lacking TSC1 in astrocytes developed abnormal neuronal organization and seizures.
Researchers created a mouse model of Rett syndrome to study the gene MECP2 and its role in fine-tuning the developing nervous system. The study may improve understanding of the disorder and lead to potential treatments for patients.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in growing functioning motor neurons from embryonic stem cells, a crucial step towards regenerating nerve tissue lost to disease or trauma. The success of the experiments suggests that human motor neurons can be grown using the same approach.
Researchers found that more frequent ivermectin treatment reduced the number of female worms responsible for the disease by one third. Higher doses or frequency did not provide additional benefits, but were associated with some visual disturbances in patients.
Researchers discovered beta catenin's role in regulating cortical growth, which may be associated with brain diseases such as mental retardation. The study also found that overexpressing beta catenin in neural precursor cells caused the cerebral cortex to grow dramatically, leading to a wrinkled appearance similar to humans.
A panel of experts calls for improved symptom management for cancer patients, citing undertreatment of pain, depression, and fatigue. The panel emphasizes the need for evidence-based treatments and routine assessment tools to ensure optimal symptom control.
Researchers developed a new material by attaching gold nanoparticles to a sticky molecule gradient, enabling efficient processing and high-throughput testing. The material can be used as a filter, sensor or catalyst with potential applications in electronics, chemistry and life sciences.
A new blood test for congestive heart failure has shown high accuracy in diagnosing the condition, with nearly 90% of cases correctly identified. The BNP test detects elevated levels of a hormone released by the heart ventricles when pressure rises, and has been proven effective in emergency rooms worldwide.
The Ecological Society of America honored its 2002 award winners for their contributions to ecology, including George Mercer Award recipient Jonathon Levine's innovative approach to managing invasive species. The Eugene P. Odum Education Award was given to Margaret Lowman for her work in ecology education and research.
Researchers found that chloroquine-resistant parasites arose in multiple geographic locations and rapidly spread across continents, contradicting long-held theories. The genetic diversity of the malaria parasite suggests it has evolved over a timeframe coincident with human population expansion out of Africa.
Researchers at MGH Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology found that GLP-1 causes adult islet stem cells to differentiate into functional beta cells. This discovery may help devise strategies for using islet stem cells to treat diabetes.
A new MIT technique involves growing cartilage cells within a novel gel, which is then delivered to damaged joints. The engineered tissue has mechanical and biochemical properties similar to native cartilage.
The Medicare+Choice program may stabilize enrollment, but its expansion is unlikely due to conflicting policy goals. The authors found that M+C plans provide significant added benefits to low-income beneficiaries.
A genetic variant of an immune system receptor appears to simultaneously dampen the body's immune response to bacteria and other microbial toxins and provide protection against atherosclerosis. The researchers believe this discovery suggests a possible new approach to anti-atherosclerosis drugs.
The AIM mission will investigate the sudden increase of noctilucent clouds near the equator, potentially linked to global warming. Temperature measurements indicate cooling at high altitudes, which may explain the rising cloud observations.
The £20 million grant will support the development of local and international partnerships to improve training and treatment delivery, with a focus on emulating the program's success in other countries. The initiative aims to reduce the burden of schistosomiasis in Africa by providing effective control measures.
The study found that cooperative behavior is intrinsically rewarding to the human brain, activating areas linked to reward processing. Mutual cooperation was common in games played with presumed human partners, even when a player was maximally rewarded for defecting.
Researchers found two Navajo patients missing the osteoprotegerin gene, leading to a rare bone disorder characterized by fast bone formation and breakdown. The study provides a genetic cause for Juvenile Paget's Disease (JPD) and sheds light on bone metabolism control.
Researchers will examine genes responsible for prostate cancer growth and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The study aims to understand why prostate cancer spreads into bones, leading to a better understanding of this disease and potential treatments.
A randomized trial found that adding chemotherapy to tamoxifen significantly increases disease-free and overall survival rates for postmenopausal women with lymph node-negative, ER-negative breast cancer. In contrast, no survival benefit was observed for those with ER-positive tumors.
Patients with ER-negative tumors who received chemotherapy had a 15% increase in disease-free survival and 89% overall survival rate. In contrast, those with ER-positive tumors did not show additional survival benefits from chemotherapy. The study suggests tailoring cancer treatments to patient characteristics.
Researchers discovered a compound that selectively inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells engineered to overexpress HER-2, a protein implicated in 20-30% of human breast cancers. The compound, F16, targets the mitochondria of cancer cells, causing them to swell and eventually rupture, leading to cell death.
A JAMA article examines the ethics and law surrounding commercial filming of patient care activities in hospitals, highlighting potential risks to patient privacy. The authors propose guidelines for informed consent before filming, balancing commercial interests with patients' rights.
A recent survey found that many federal supervisors are unaware of available accommodations for workers with disabilities, including those applying for jobs or using telecommuting options. The study suggests that the government needs to improve education and resources to help supervisors better accommodate employees with disabilities.
The study found that exposure to ELF-EMF alone did not affect cell division, but combining it with ionising radiation caused cells to slow down at checkpoints. This suggests ELF-EMF may enable damaged cells to divide further, increasing cancer risk.
Research suggests that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin may be effective in treating uterine cancer by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme. The study also found increased levels of COX-2 and prostaglandins in endometriosis, a painful condition where tissue from the uterus attaches to other organs.
A study found that participants receiving automated, computer-based telephone intervention increased their level of physical activity after three months. However, the effectiveness dropped off by six months. The researchers suggest continued refinement of automated telephone interventions.
A study found that cigarette advertising and promotions can circumvent the protective effects of authoritative parenting. Teens from less authoritative households are more susceptible to tobacco ads and promotions. Parents can counter this by discussing marketing tactics with their teenagers.
Scientists have identified a key trigger of neuron death in Parkinson's disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury, which can be prevented by blocking its release from mitochondria. The study found that preventing PARP activation and blocking AIF release protects cells from dying.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have created a haptic device called 'Touché' that allows chemists to feel the interaction between molecules, enabling more accurate drug design. The device enables simulation of large numbers of atom interactions in a short period, improving pharmacological research.
A new study reveals acid rain's damage to American forests is more widespread than believed, potentially creating compromised immune systems in trees. The study suggests that acid rain can suppress the capacity of trees to survive environmental stresses, with far-reaching consequences for forest ecosystems and wildlife.
The US team achieved top honors with three gold medals in 1999, including the top gold, and one silver. The students were selected from a rigorous two-week training camp and received college-level training on organic chemistry.
A study of 44,241 women found that postmenopausal estrogen-only therapy increases the risk of ovarian cancer by 60%, with a greater risk for those using therapy for 10 or more years. The relative risk was highest for women who used estrogen for 20 or more years.
Scientists will investigate high, tropical cirrus clouds in Florida to reduce uncertainties in forecasts of the Earth's future climate. The Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) aims to improve large-scale measurements of clouds using aircraft and satellite data.
Researchers found that measuring Mcm5 levels in urine could detect bladder cancer with higher sensitivity than current tests. Additionally, a study linked effective DNA repair capacity to poorer survival rates in NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy.
Researchers are developing a forecasting technique to predict sea nettle concentrations in Chesapeake Bay using real-time monitoring of environmental factors. The goal is to mitigate the economic impact of sea nettles, which affect tourism and the food web by devouring fish eggs and larvae.
Researchers found that blocking interleukin-1 can prevent additional brain tissue damage, suggesting a new potential treatment for traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. By inhibiting IL-1, macrophage activation is reduced, leading to less inflammation and cell death.
Researchers at Kansas State University have developed an optically-active structure with a diameter smaller than a human hair based on III-nitride wide bandgap semiconductors. The tiny structures can be used as miniature displays, detectors, sensors or hyper-bright LEDs.
A recent study found that only 14 out of 81 clinical obstetric texts recommend abstaining from alcohol during pregnancy. Many texts instead offer vague or contradictory advice, leading to concerns about physician behavior and patient safety. The lack of clear guidance may stem from the absence of a safe level of drinking during pregnancy.
A recent study found that 31.7 percent of Americans had been sunburned within the previous 12 months, with white men being the most likely to experience sunburn at 44 percent. Higher education and income levels were also associated with higher rates of sunburn, highlighting a concerning trend among young adults.
Rutgers researchers found that acetaminophen can exert an antioxidant effect on heart muscle cells, blocking damage caused by oxidants. The study suggests that acetaminophen may play a role in preventing some of the damaging effects of cardiovascular disease and hardening of the arteries.
A combination therapy of aspirin and coumarin reduced artery re-closure after heart attacks by 45% in a clinical trial. The therapy also improved problem-free survival rates and reduced the incidence of second heart attacks, according to researchers from the American Heart Association.
Research suggests that even moderate drinking habits can increase hypertension risk in Japanese men, contrary to previous US studies. Obesity and genetic factors may contribute to this difference in findings.