A recent study found that only 17.7% of eligible substance abuse treatment programs provide specialized care for older adults, despite the increasing number of people over 65 in high-risk states like Iowa, Florida, and Arizona. The study highlights the need for developing strategies to manage late-life alcoholism.
A three-year community campaign aimed at the public and health professionals increased the use of tPA, a life-saving emergency drug for stroke patients. The study found that 69% of eligible patients received tPA, compared to 2.2% in non-intervention areas.
PLoS Biology features peer-reviewed research articles on diverse topics, making outstanding science freely available worldwide. The journal's open-access model aims to increase interdisciplinary collaboration, speed scientific discovery, and potentially save lives.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new method for creating tissues from human embryonic stem cells by seeding them onto biodegradable polymer scaffolds. The resulting tissues showed characteristics of developing human cartilage, liver, nerves, and blood vessels.
Studies link fructose intolerance to IBS symptoms; patients with diet modifications show improved symptoms. Fat consumption is also linked to gastrointestinal disorders, according to a new study.
Researchers have used a bioinformatics approach to identify additional microRNA targets in fruit fly Drosophila, increasing the number of known targets from three to over 60. The study provides an important step towards understanding how microRNAs affect protein composition in animal cells.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis found that previous year's drought is the main driver of high mosquito populations in wetlands. This discovery has implications for predicting and controlling diseases like West Nile virus and malaria, which are spread by mosquitoes.
A recent study suggests a causal relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and sleep apnea, potentially revolutionizing treatment approaches for patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The research used advanced monitoring technology to detect non-acid reflux events that may contribute to sleep apnea and arousals.
Using National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data, researchers found that 18% and 15% of black and Hispanic females respectively became obese over the five-year exam period. Obesity rates among older adolescents were higher and more likely to remain stable or increase.
A new study found that administering antibiotics in a syringe pump, rather than by direct injection, can significantly reduce costs. The study also showed that the most expensive antibiotic to administer was Erythromycin, which requires slow infusion time.
A UB research study found that sperm from marijuana smokers exhibit abnormal swimming behavior, moving too fast and too early, which can lead to infertility. The study suggests that THC may be causing improper timing of sperm function or bypassing natural inhibition mechanisms.
New research demonstrates abnormal serotonin signaling in IBS, with key elements of serotonin signaling changed in patients. The study found decreased serotonin content and higher endocrine cell populations in IBS patients, leading to increased serotonin availability.
A new model developed by Michael Carter of the University of Toronto has the potential to reduce healthcare costs by $42 billion a year, while providing more services at the same cost. The model uses operations research techniques to optimize hospital operations and improve communication among departments.
A recent study by the US Department of Veterans Affairs found that Hispanic heart patients had a significant survival advantage compared to their white and African-American counterparts. After adjusting for age and clinical data, Hispanic patients were only about 80% as likely to die as whites or blacks.
Miguel Nicolelis and colleagues present results from long-term studies in monkeys, showing that the same set of brain cells can control two distinct movements using a brain-machine interface. This finding has important practical implications for spinal-cord patients, offering flexibility in introducing electrodes or functional enhancem...
Researchers found that relatives of people with tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease and those with postural instability gait disorder are more likely to experience action tremor. The study provides insight into the genetic influence of Parkinson's disease.
The School Finance Redesign Project will study how to fund high-quality teachers, narrow racial achievement gaps and reallocate resources for better results. Researchers aim to help states and schools use their resources more effectively to improve student outcomes.
A recent study published in Neurology confirms that 86% of children who underwent hemispherectomy at Johns Hopkins Medicine are either seizure-free or have non-disabling seizures. The surgery improves quality of life and reduces medication dependence.
A recent study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research found that suburban residents felt a close sense of community with their neighbors. Despite criticisms that suburbs are cold and sterile, the study refuted these claims by showing that both traditional and suburban neighborhoods can foster strong community bonds.
A survey of 1,500 Kuwaiti citizens found that support for democracy grew substantially during the four years covered in the study. Kuwaitis also became less interested in trade alliances with the West and paid little attention to Western media.
The study finds that the shape of a semiconductor nanocrystal can significantly impact its electronic and optical properties. The researchers developed a novel synthesis method to create indium phosphide nanowires with controlled diameters, allowing them to investigate the effect of two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional confinement.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that even mild depression in caregivers can lead to increased inflammation, which is associated with various age-related illnesses. Chronic inflammation has been linked to declines in physical function and an increased risk of mortality.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology reports that unregulated sale of decorative contact lenses poses a grave danger to the public. Six patients experienced vision-threatening problems after wearing lenses purchased from unlicensed vendors, including corneal scarring and bacterial infections.
Researchers discovered that portion size and calorie density both contribute to caloric intake, with combined effects leading to a 56% increase. By choosing water-rich foods or smaller portions, individuals can reduce their risk of overeating.
Researchers used mathematical modeling to study the Wnt pathway, a complex signaling system involved in embryonic development and carcinogenesis. The model revealed surprising differences in concentrations of key proteins, suggesting that breakdowns in cellular communication play a role in cancer development.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a new diode that can replace some circuits on a typical chip, simplifying design without compromising performance. The diode conducts 150,000 amps per square centimeter, ideal for low-power devices and medical applications
Nonprescription contact lenses can cause permanent damage, infection and scarring due to ill-fitting design and lack of monitoring by medical professionals. Cosmetic contact lenses sold over-the-counter without a doctor's prescription increase the risk of corneal ulcers and eye infections.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have enabled rhesus monkeys to control a robot arm using only brain signals and visual feedback. The technology could lead to neuroprosthetic limbs for paralyzed people, and improve rehabilitation of those with brain and spinal cord damage.
A team of UC scientists discovered a gene that controls the production of methyl halides in terrestrial plants, contributing to ozone destruction. The HOL gene, found in Arabidopsis and other plants, is likely a common trait among all terrestrial plants.
A multicentre study found that darifenacin significantly improved median warning time by 4.3 minutes in patients with overactive bladder syndrome, leading to a 22.5% increase in mean warning time.
Scientists have discovered two mutations in the ATCAY gene, responsible for Cayman ataxia in humans and similar neurological disorders in mice. The study provides a breakthrough in understanding rare genetic diseases and may lead to diagnostic tests and treatments.
Research reveals that mass flowering crops, such as oilseed rape, play a crucial role in enhancing bumblebee densities in agricultural landscapes. Contrary to previous assumptions, the availability of these crops at a landscape scale is essential for supporting pollinator populations.
A minority view in geology suggests all oceans were closed and the Earth's radius was smaller pre-Jurassic. The study, published in Journal of Biogeography Volume 30 Issue 10, supports this idea.
Research finds that brightly coloured autumn leaves in mountain birch trees signal reduced insect damage the following season, suggesting a warning system to deter egg-laying insects.
Research reveals that microscopic cracks on glass surface are scattered light, not dirt, and can only be cleaned away by dissolving the cracks with an aggressive solution. This discovery challenges long-held assumptions about the properties of glass.
Researchers suggest that vibrant egg colours advertise females' ability to defend against deleterious free radicals, indicating genetic quality. This hypothesis can be applied to all animals with colourful eggs and paternal care.
A study found that parents' attitudes towards social anxiety disorder treatment can significantly impact their children's benefits from therapy. Parents who had used medication or counseling in the past were more favorable towards these treatments, and those with a history of emotional problems preferred counseling.
Researchers found that specific variants of dopamine transporter and receptor genes associated with higher dopamine levels in the brain facilitated smoking cessation. This study highlights the importance of genetic investigations beyond single gene effects.
Researchers at NIST created improved phantom materials that can mimic blood, bone, fat, and skin using carbon black powder. These polymers have low-frequency electrical properties and can be formed in various shapes and sizes.
Researchers at UCSD have identified a new gene, SIR1, that regulates the plant hormone auxin, which plays crucial roles in plant development. The discovery has implications for designing environmentally safe herbicides and novel plant structures.
The NEST software program provides cost estimates for homeowners to select the most cost-effective replacement materials for roofing, siding, windows, and garage doors. The program uses a virtual model of the user's home to estimate installation and maintenance costs, as well as monthly financing costs over the product's lifetime.
Scientists discover that linking sugars to aquaporin-2 is essential for water channel transport in the kidneys. This process enables the body to conserve water and prevent dehydration. The study also identifies a new protein, AQP2-BP, that plays a crucial role in aquaporin-2 production.
Researchers identified a specific anticancer compound, methylpyridinium, in coffee with strong antioxidant content, suggesting it may offer protection against colon cancer. Drinking coffee, especially strong espresso-type brews, could provide some level of protection.
Materials scientist George Harman suggests using corrosion-resistant metals like gold and newer polymers to create microelectronic interconnections that can withstand extreme temperatures. He also proposes the use of flip chips with gold contacts to produce heat-resistant spacecraft electronics.
Research found that aging brains reduce ovulation in women, leading to decreased fertility. The study suggests that high oestrogen levels and decreased LH release contribute to this effect.
In a four-year study, scientists found that gray wolves consumed a diverse range of species, promoting ecosystem diversity and health. In contrast, hunter kills were dominated by less mobile scavengers, indicating that hunters have a smaller impact on the Yellowstone ecosystem.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University and the University of Michigan have identified a gene defect behind a devastating muscle-wasting disease. The study found that a mutation in the Omi/HtrA2 protein causes neuronal cell death by impairing mitochondrial function.
A Mayo Clinic study of 96 women found that embryo quality is key to successful pregnancies, regardless of body mass. The research suggests that uterine function is not the cause of lower birth rates among overweight women using fertility technologies.
A study of 27 women aged 35-44 found that 50% of their deaths were due to undetermined causes, a stark contrast to men of the same age group. Researchers are now focusing on novel, unorthodox causes for these unexpected deaths.
Bioinformaticians at UCSD have identified 400 'fault zones' in the human genome where gene rearrangements are more likely to occur, potentially leading to life-threatening genetic alterations. These findings challenge the long-held random breakage theory of evolution and may provide new insights into breast cancer and other diseases.
A study found that cows can be genetically classified into three groups based on their resistance to intestinal worms. The research suggests that understanding the genetic factors behind this resistance could lead to the development of a vaccine to prevent gastrointestinal worm infections.
The grant will fund a five-year program creating nanoscale materials for basic science and various applications, including medicine and microelectronics. The Vanderbilt-Fisk Interdisciplinary Program aims to enhance graduate education and research collaborations between the two schools.
The current reserve system in the New World is inadequate, with only a tenth of protected areas reaching Disney World's size. Conservation investments may yield greatest impact in ten regions where biodiversity losses can be prevented.
The invasion of Anoplolepis gracilipes on Christmas Island leads to the displacement of a native keystone species, resulting in cascading effects on the food web. The ant's supercolonies extirpate the dominant omnivore, increasing seedling recruitment but slowing litter decomposition.
Research reveals that bone cement containing antibiotics can effectively control bacterial growth in the immediate vicinity of the implant, but this effectiveness is short-lived. After just a few weeks, the concentration of antibiotics decreases, making it less effective against bacteria.
A study found that rabbits and cows grazing together lead to a diverse range of plants, with prostrate herbs thriving in short vegetation. The presence of rabbits also determines the extent of shrub cover and oak seedling growth.
The study found ZYVOX had better cure rates (94.4% vs 90.4%) and shorter IV treatment duration (2 days vs 9.1 days) for patients treated with ZYVOX compared to vancomycin. Additionally, ZYVOX reduced hospital length of stay by a mean of 2.4 days.
The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) has awarded VIDI grants to 79 talented young researchers who have developed innovative scientific research ideas. The successful candidates will receive funding to develop their own research lines, with NWO covering almost 70% of the budget.
Stanford Medicine has been awarded a significant grant from the National Human Genome Research Institute. The funding will support research teams in analyzing small portions of the human genome using various techniques.
A new Standard Reference Material issued by NIST uses both SNPs and STRs to improve reliability of laboratory analyses of male DNA. The standard consists of six vials of carefully analyzed DNA, providing certified sequences for 22 STR locations and 42 SNPs.