Spanish scientists have developed a technique to determine the color of ancient wine, revealing that King Tut's wine was made with red grapes. The analysis is the first extensive chemical analysis done on a jar from King Tut's tomb and provides evidence of the color of wine in an archaeological sample.
Researchers will examine inflammatory process in obese patients to understand how it contributes to cardiovascular disease. High levels of free fatty acids in the blood stream may trigger inflammation, which increases risk of atherosclerotic disease in obese patients with diabetes.
Researchers have developed a gene expression profiling method that predicts clinical outcome in prostate cancer patients. The study's findings suggest that this approach can improve our ability to stratify patient populations and optimize disease treatment.
Researchers found that the mushroom bodies of wasps progressively increased in size as they took on new tasks, such as working outside the nest. This suggests that the brain structure plays a crucial role in regulating social behavior and adapting to complex environments.
Dr. Kenneth Olden has received the Society of Toxicology's Public Communications Award for his efforts to bridge the gap between researchers, policymakers, and the public through open access journals and regional town meetings.
The study reveals that people from different regions carry distinct strains of the tuberculosis bacteria, indicating sociological interactions play a key role in transmission. This finding has significant implications for vaccine development, potentially leading to region-specific vaccines.
Research reveals that prenatal alcohol exposure can cause slower processing speeds and arousal-regulation problems as early as infancy. Infants of mothers who consumed large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy showed higher levels of behavioral arousal but responded more slowly to stimuli.
Researchers found that switched-off SFRP genes allow the WNT pathway to stay active, leading to colon cell growth and tumor formation. The study suggests that reactivating SFRPs may prevent colon cancer by stopping this chain reaction.
A study found that even light to moderate drinking during pregnancy may cause learning and memory difficulties in adolescents. Researchers assessed 580 children and their mothers, and discovered an association between low levels of alcohol consumption and subtle difficulties with verbal/auditory abilities at 14 years old.
Research finds that childhood abuse is a significant predictor of comorbid anxiety disorders, including social phobia, agoraphobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among adult alcoholics. This study highlights the importance of assessing childhood trauma in evaluating and treating alcoholic patients.
Researchers have discovered that tissue cells in clusters of 4 and 8 can revert to a stem-cell state under specific conditions, working just as well as normal stem cells. This finding could provide a new approach for harnessing differentiated cells to enhance tissue repair, similar to animals that can regenerate lost parts.
Researchers found that depression is often associated with an underlying autoimmune process affecting the thyroid gland. The study used thyroid function indicators to predict patients' responsiveness to antidepressants, achieving an almost 90% success rate.
A study by University at Buffalo researchers found that experience with elderly patients is more effective than classroom learning in changing age bias among dental students. Students who worked with elderly patients showed a decrease in negative bias, while those with limited clinical experience showed an increase.
Community-based oral health research studies in Hawaii prioritize tangible oral health problems, including intervention trials. Community involvement is essential in addressing disparities in oral health among population subgroups.
Duke University Medical Center researchers analyzed the forces at work during common basketball maneuvers and found that added arch support in athletic shoes can reduce maximum forces on the fifth metatarsal. This preventative action appears to relieve constant stresses and pressures, potentially preventing season-ending foot injuries.
UK public health experts warn that Britain is not doing enough to stop people from smoking, with nearly a third of adults still smoking compared to 20% in Australia. The UK has yet to adopt comprehensive tobacco control strategies like smoke-free policies in public places and workplaces.
Researchers at NIAID have found that mouse immune systems produce antibodies capable of single-handedly neutralizing the SARS virus. This discovery confirms that vaccines triggering antibodies to the SARS virus are on the right track, and could lead to a faster development of effective vaccines or antiviral drugs.
Scientists capture real-time video-clips of signal transmission in living cells using Quantum Dots, revealing new insights into cellular processes. The breakthrough is expected to speed up the development of new cancer-curing drugs.
A Wistar Institute-led team will develop blood tests to detect early lung cancer using proteomics and genomics, aiming to save lives through earlier cancer detection. The project receives $3.4M in funding from Pennsylvania's share of the national tobacco settlement.
A study found that gefitinib is effective for patients with non-small cell lung cancer who are female, never smoked, and have a specific type of cancer. The researchers identified two key factors associated with sensitivity to the drug: having adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features and never having smoked.
The University of Hawaii has developed a mentoring relationship with the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry to address oral health disparities in Hawaii. The collaboration aims to improve the oral health status of the people of Hawaii by conducting pilot studies on mothers and their babies in rural communities.
Faslodex, a novel oestrogen receptor antagonist, has been approved by the EU for treating advanced oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The drug offers durable responses and tolerability benefits compared to existing therapies, with a unique sustained release formulation administered monthly.
Research from Imperial College London finds that African cotton markets benefit from a balance between competition and coordination. The study reveals that concentrated, market-based systems have been successful in meeting common challenges while maintaining reasonable prices to consumers.
Novel genetic profiling can identify residual tumors and precancerous lesions, allowing for targeted treatment. Early clinical trials show promise for gene-mediated strategies to replace defective sequences and block signal transduction.
The demand for outpatient dental anesthesia and sedation services remains high despite a decline in training programs and an evidence-based foundation. Dr. Raymond Dionne calls for a scientific agenda to develop a safe and effective approach for dental outpatients.
A researcher is studying how diabetes affects ganglion cells and developing a potential treatment using sigma receptor ligands. The goal is to prevent ganglion cell death and the growth of new blood vessels that obstruct vision.
A new dental caries vaccine is being proposed as a crucial tool to prevent the spread of tooth decay, particularly in vulnerable populations. The symposium emphasizes the vaccine's potential to combat the disease and its impact on public health.
A recent study found that HIPAA compliance severely affected patient participation in long-term outcome studies, with a significant drop from 96.1% to 38.5%. This reduction resulted in a less representative sample of patients, which could bias study results.
A study published in The Lancet found that subdural hemorrhages in full-term babies are rare and typically resolve on their own. The research suggested that forceps-assisted deliveries and other trauma during birth may increase the risk of bleeding, but even then, it is usually not a cause for concern.
Researchers at NIST have developed a new method for producing uniform, self-assembled nanocells using micrometer-size channels. These nanocells can be controlled to specific sizes and are ideal for encapsulating medicine, leading to more accurate drug delivery.
The MIT 'Weird Fields' contest utilizes creative visuals to help students grasp abstract electromagnetism concepts. By exploring vector fields through interactive software, students can better comprehend the physics behind electromagnetic forces.
Research found that how couples manage parenting responsibilities when their child is 6 months old affects the quality of their marriage when their child is 3 years old. Couples who had a good relationship with each other as infants but struggled with parenting conflicts were more likely to have poorer couple relationships later on.
A team of NIST and IBM researchers has quantified 'electrical capture defects' in hafnium oxide chips, which can drain currents and hinder transistor operation. By applying a voltage pulse and measuring current, the scientists identified critical locations where these defects occur near the silicon substrate-hafnium oxide interface.
Scientists recommend preserving contaminated DOE sites as is, rather than undergoing costly remediation, to protect wildlife, biodiversity, and regional air and water quality. This approach would also reduce remediation costs and minimize public health risks.
A recent study examines seroprevalence of non-pneumonic SARS-CoV infections in general population and healthcare workers. The findings suggest that non-pneumonic infections are more common than SARS-CoV pneumonia, shedding light on possible explanations for cases with no obvious contact to other patients.
Researchers found a link between olfactory dysfunction and excess tau proteins in brain structures important for smelling. The study used genetically engineered mice to evaluate the effect of tau protein overexpression on smell perception.
Scientists have pinpointed a new cancer gene target, PIK3CA, which is mutated in 32% of colon cancers and may be involved in tumor growth. The study suggests that targeted therapies could be more effective with fewer side effects, leading to personalized cancer treatment.
Researchers identified four genetic variants strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in Finnish and Ashkenazi Jewish populations. The variants cluster in the regulatory region of the HNF4A gene, influencing insulin secretion in response to glucose.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has approved standards for electronic methods used in measuring live animals, carcasses, and individual cuts. The new standards aim to increase consistency and confidence in measurements across technologies, benefiting equipment manufacturers, producers, packers, and consumers.
Researchers found that subjects viewing 'before and after' ads indicated a strong anti-fat bias and believed weight is more easily controllable than those who viewed only the 'before' or 'after' pictures. The study suggests that such biases can influence further weight and eating disorder psychopathology.
Researchers discovered a link between the Endothelial NO Synthase gene and Alevolar Capillary Dysplasia (ACD), a fatal lung disease affecting newborns. The study found that mice lacking this gene developed major defects in lung development, mirroring human cases of ACD.
Scientists have developed a novel fabrication technique to study charge transport in organic crystals, resulting in the highest recorded mobility in an organic semiconductor. The method eliminates exposure of fragile surfaces to conventional processing, allowing for pristine crystal samples to be used for device fabrication.
A study of 300 former child soldiers found nearly all experienced traumatic events, including physical and sexual abuse. The study highlights the need for stronger intervention by the UN to prevent children from being used as soldiers in conflicts.
Researchers successfully doped C60 molecules with potassium atoms using atomic precision, increasing their electric charge and altering molecular orbital states. This breakthrough offers a new way to control electronic properties of individual molecules, with potential applications in nanotechnology and electronics.
Researchers successfully demonstrated precise control over molecular electronic properties using a scanning tunneling microscope. They added up to seven potassium atoms to a single buckyball molecule, altering its electrical properties.
A peptide, MUC7 12-mer, has shown promise for treating drug-resistant fungal strains. When combined with a protease inhibitor cocktail, its anti-microbial action was significantly increased.
A new study supports the use of PET scans in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in its early stages. The study identifies a new PET technique that can clearly identify brain connections altered by Alzheimer's, leading to higher accuracy in diagnosing the condition.
A research team led by Dr. Howard Lipshitz discovered that a protein linked to mammalian embryo implantation also plays a role in tumour metastasis in fruit fly development. The study found a surprising level of similarity between the proteins in flies and mammals, with potential implications for understanding human disease.
Researchers at the University of California - Davis have cloned the VRN2 gene in wheat, which controls vernalization and plays a crucial role in the crop's adaptation to different environments. The study provides valuable insights into breeding strategies for improving wheat varieties through manipulation of flowering times.
A NIST study identifies a potential source of error in the automotive industry's use of surface roughness data to predict friction. The researchers developed an improved analytical approach that can help automakers incorporate lighter weight materials and improve fuel efficiency.
A team of scientists discovered microbes that produce nanometer-scale crystals of extraordinary length, using polymer fibers as templates. The discovery may provide key insight into biomineralization, the process that produces bone, teeth, and shell.
A new biomarker, EPCA, has been discovered that can detect prostate cancer earlier than traditional methods. The marker is expressed in the tumor and throughout the prostate in men with prostate cancer.
Physicists at NIST used a highly sophisticated spectrometer to measure light wavelengths, providing 10 times better resolution than similar instruments. This improvement is expected to help the semiconductor industry create smaller circuits.
A UCI study reveals that newborn neurons in the adult brain mature by growing neural signaling appendages similar to those found in developing brains. This finding may aid in understanding how stem cells can be used to treat neurological diseases.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have discovered a gene link between juvenile polyposis and high blood pressure syndrome. The study suggests that patients with the intestinal disorder should undergo genetic screening for vascular defects, as they are at risk of experiencing severe nosebleeds or strokes.
Dr. David Eick received the 2004 Wilmer Souder Award for his significant contributions to dental polymers and resin-bonded dentin interfaces. His work has advanced dental health through improved surface analysis instrumentation.
A new study found that taking DHEA, a hormone supplement popular among athletes, does not increase testosterone levels but boosts other harmful hormones associated with prostate growth. Researchers tested 12 healthy men and found increased levels of byproduct hormones that may be bad for the prostate.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered a master regulator of smooth muscle development, protein myocardin, which controls growth and differentiation. This finding offers new insights into the cellular mechanisms controlling smooth muscle cell proliferation, potentially leading to novel therapeutics for cardiovascular ...
Cardiologists at Duke University Medical Center found that aggressive therapies such as anti-clotting drugs and invasive procedures were not used adequately in patients with conflicting blood chemical results. Patients with positive troponin levels had increased mortality, while those with elevated CK-MB but negative troponin did not h...
A randomised controlled trial of breast self-examination in nearly 100,000 Russian women found no reduction in deaths from breast cancer. Instead, women who performed regular self-examinations had more frequent consultations for benign breast lesions, leading to increased anxiety and unnecessary surgical biopsies.