Geologists found that the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by continents led to a cooling effect, resulting in the collapse of the early greenhouse. The recycling of carbon through volcanic activity eventually regenerated the greenhouse, leading to a warming of the planet.
Researchers found that tamoxifen-resistant breast cancers grow due to PKA-activated estrogen receptor modification. Identifying patients with activated PKA may lead to alternative treatments with aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant.
A study reveals that only 0.3% of UK population receives government support, while 80,000 people wait for healthcare services. The author argues that myths surrounding asylum seekers are debunked by highlighting the real cause of long waiting lists: underinvestment in the National Health Service.
Women's lungs are more damaged by cigarette smoke, leading to a different treatment response and outcomes. Research funding is needed to understand the causes of this disparity in lung cancer incidence among women.
Researchers at University at Buffalo found that corals can take up new algal symbionts from their environments, increasing cell densities and demonstrating a mechanism for recovery from bleaching. This study provides evidence of coral resilience in the face of environmental change.
A study by the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that most antidepressants, except citalopram, are ineffective on mice lacking norepinephrine. The researchers tested eight commonly prescribed antidepressant drugs and discovered a critical link between norepinephrine and desired behavioral effects.
During next week's transit, NCAR scientist Brown will examine regions of the solar spectrum absorbed by Venus's atmosphere between 65 and 85 kilometers altitude. He will also construct wind patterns based on gases' Doppler shifts to reveal atmospheric composition and temperature.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects 1 in 500 adults and is the commonest cause of sudden death in otherwise fit young people. Treatment options include medication, surgery, or implantable defibrillators to relieve symptoms and prevent abnormal heart rhythms.
A University of Pittsburgh study finds that throwing athletes' shoulders differ from non-throwers', suggesting adaptations for efficient performance. Additionally, stronger hip muscles in golfers correlate with better performances. Research also highlights the importance of unplanned reactive jumps in ACL injury prevention.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that adding superficial venous surgery to compression treatment significantly reduces the risk of venous leg ulcer recurrence. The study involved 500 patients and showed a more-than-halved one-year recurrence rate among those receiving both treatments compared to those given compression alone.
A study published in Nature reveals that insulin regulates tissue aging and extends the lifespan of genetically modified flies. By blocking insulin's action in specific cells, the entire body stays healthier longer, staving off age-related diseases.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that nearly 50% of severely obese youth develop metabolic syndrome. The condition is associated with worsening body mass index and insulin resistance, increasing risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have identified a protein called RIP140 that blocks the expression of UCP1, leading to increased energy expenditure and reduced fat accumulation. This discovery could lead to novel obesity treatments by increasing the activity of UCP1.
Experts argue that a new Global Environmental Organization (GEO) is needed to consolidate and coordinate environmental policy research, technology databases, and information clearing-houses. The UN Environment Programme is also overstretched and recommends focusing on science and co-ordination of scientific activities.
Scientists at Yale University used X-ray crystallography to image the self-splicing group-I intron and its associations with metal ions. This discovery reveals an evolutionarily ancient mechanism for RNA splicing, previously thought only possible in proteins.
Chalmers University and Konarka Technologies partner on third-generation photovoltaic products, enabling commercialization of flexible plastic-based solar technologies. This collaboration strengthens Konarka's intellectual property portfolio and enhances Chalmers' research capabilities.
Perfusion CT scans can reveal how much blood is present in the brain and how quickly it's moving, helping doctors decide on treatments such as surgery or clotbuster drugs. The technique has shown promise in assessing patients with stroke or carotid artery issues, potentially improving treatment outcomes.
Researchers have found that adding butyrate to an intravenous nutrition solution can cause the intestine to grow back and become more functional. This breakthrough offers hope for preterm infants and patients with Crohn's disease who rely on IV feeding due to surgically removed intestines.
Research suggests that filaments in the Galactic center are connected to areas of intense star formation, providing a link between thermal and non-thermal radio emission. The discovery sheds light on the phenomenon behind these striking features.
A new study will evaluate the effectiveness of a face-to-face support group for older adults with depression and HIV/AIDS. The intervention aims to improve coping mechanisms, quality of life, and social support.
Researchers found a shift in burden of disease as economic growth expands, with poorer women more affected. Obesity risk increases for those in lower-middle income countries above $2,995 per capita income.
CU researchers report consistent pattern in deuterium abundance, suggesting smaller amount of chemical evolution and higher infall of near primordial gas to the Milky Way galaxy. The findings provide a better understanding of galactic chemical evolution and its impact on the formation of stars, planets, and life.
A Temple virologist has received a grant to investigate the role of macrophages in HIV dementia complex. The researcher aims to understand how these cells contribute to the development of the condition, which affects 10% of AIDS patients, and explore potential therapies to target them.
Researchers studying lanthanum barium copper oxygen (LBCO) found that adding barium creates electron holes, which are necessary for superconductivity. The study suggests that fluid stripes may be essential for high-temperature superconductivity in these materials.
Researchers at UNC have identified a crucial role for a segment of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in activating the enzyme, which promotes cancer cell growth and metastasis. By making subtle changes to this region, they created a mutant protein that blocks FAK activity, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.
The FDA-approved Avastin increases patient survival by almost five months when combined with chemotherapy, showing a 10.6-month progression-free survival rate compared to 6.2 months in the control group.
A study found that doctors' initial diagnoses of uterine cancer were incorrect in over 25% of cases, with a significant number being misclassified as benign. The findings highlight the need for improved classification guidelines to prevent unnecessary surgeries and ensure accurate diagnosis.
Researchers found a new regulatory gene, SRG1, which blocks the expression of adjacent genes by physically preventing transcription factors from binding. This discovery provides evidence that junk DNA may have hidden functions and could be a common mechanism for regulating gene expression.
A new partnership between researchers and federal agencies has created a powerful tool to manage fire risk, with maps showing the extent of wildland/urban interfaces across the US. The analysis highlights the need for ecological principles in land-use planning, particularly in high-risk areas.
Researchers found three to four times more antibodies in Alzheimer's patients than healthy individuals, indicating a possible autoimmunity component to the disease. This discovery may lead to an early diagnostic test and more targeted treatments.
Scientists discovered that the Sirt1 mammalian gene promotes fat mobilization in mice, revealing a potential molecular link between calorie restriction and longevity. The study suggests that mimicking this effect with a drug could lead to health benefits without dieting.
A UCSD study uncovers how neurons in the brain sort information from electrical impulses, enabling coherent perception. Different neurons specialize in processing specific portions of the information, mimicking a musician reading their part in an orchestra.
Researchers at SLU have identified the first gene regulating programmed cell death in plant embryos, revealing a previously unknown mechanism. This discovery has significant implications for plant breeding and forestry, as it may help increase production and bolster resistance in plants.
Researchers found that combining Avastin with chemotherapy improves median survival, reduces risk of death and increases response rates in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The study showed a nearly five-month improvement in patient survival, demonstrating the potential of targeting tumor blood supply as a viable treatment option.
Researchers found that COX-2 inhibitors significantly reduced postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, and allowed patients to return home sooner. The study showed a 21% reduction in opiate use and improved patient satisfaction with minimally invasive surgery.
Researchers at UCSD find that altering neural activity can change the type of neurotransmitter produced by nerve cells, raising hope for treating disorders caused by problems with neurotransmitters. This discovery could provide flexibility for the growth and operation of the nervous system.
Airborne viruses were detected in 32% of office building air filters, with higher carbon dioxide levels linked to increased exposure risk. Researchers also found that healthcare workers treating SARS patients were at high risk of developing the disease due to endotracheal intubation.
A study of 60 Korean women with breast cancer found a high rate of genetic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The average age of diagnosis was 40-50 years old, which is younger than in the US population. The study suggests different genetic and environmental factors may be at play for Korean patients diagnosed at a young age.
Researchers explore alternative biomarkers for prostate cancer using immune responses to AMACR, while a new RNA interference strategy shows potential in silencing PLK1 genes. The latest AJCC breast cancer staging system revision also influences false-negative rates.
A new theory by Jason Tumlinson and colleagues reconciles two conflicting pieces of evidence on the nature of the first stars. The theory suggests that these early stars were smaller than previously thought, with masses between 20-100 times that of the sun.
Fossils of Rugops primus and Spinostropheus gautieri reveal that Africa separated from southern continents around 100 million years ago. The discoveries provide fresh evidence on the timing of continental drift, shedding light on how dinosaurs like Rugops and other animals used narrow land bridges to colonize adjacent continents.
New and established remote sensing techniques are being used to assess forest structure and estimate biomass. Additionally, data from various sensors are being incorporated into ecosystem process models to track environmental degradation and inform decision-making.
A handwashing program in Pakistan's urban slums reduced diarrhea incidence by 53% among children under 15. The program used plain soap, with no difference in efficacy seen with antibacterial soap.
Engineers have used X-rays to study how atoms rearrange themselves in ferroelectric materials as they switch between electrical pulses. As the material fatigues, progressively larger areas cease working, suggesting that the atoms' switching ability decreases over time.
A new study suggests that using stents to open blocked blood vessels in branching passages can lead to a harmful blood flow pattern, resulting in rapid re-occlusion of the main branch. This contradicts previous findings that suggest stenting was more successful in non-bifurcated areas.
The Progresa program showed improvements in height increments and anemia rates among participants. Children who received the nutrition component experienced better growth and reduced risk of malnutrition.
Researchers found evidence of ancient seismic stresses still at work in Washington state's Puget Sound region, including surface folds and deformation of the Seattle uplift. The study provides greater understanding of the region's tectonic stresses and geological processes.
Chronic diseases are the largest cause of death worldwide, with a projected increase in global prevalence over the next two decades. Key risk factors include tobacco use, unhealthful diets, and lack of physical activity, with most cases occurring in developing countries.
A two-week study found that consuming daily dark chocolate with high flavonoid content improved blood vessel function in participants. The study, led by Mary Engler, showed a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation in the high-flavonoid group, indicating better vascular health and a lower risk of heart disease.
A study of 138,307 men found exclusive pipe smoking increased risk for six cancers and three diseases, with highest risk in larynx, lung, and oropharynx. Pipe smoking was associated with smaller but similar risks to cigar smoking, while larger than cigarette smoking.
Researchers say broad body of research shows UV-B radiation can cause severe damage to amphibian species from eggs to adults, including retinal damage and blindness. Amphibian declines are linked to multiple causes, but UV-B remains a significant concern.
Researchers have developed an antigen-specific ELISA test to diagnose lichen sclerosus by detecting circulating autoantibodies to extracellular matrix protein 1. This breakthrough diagnostic tool has the potential to improve disease management and treatment outcomes.
A new study explores the context of Coach Wooden's practices, revealing that meticulous planning and economy of talk were key to his pedagogical approach. The research also sheds light on Wooden's views on praise, teaching by example, and the importance of creating opportunities for players to learn.
Astronomers searched for sun-like stars exhibiting Maunder minimums, but most are not like the sun. Nearly all stars identified as Maunder minima are actually much brighter and different from the sun.
A study found that sincere apologies are more effective in repairing damaged business relationships. The victims of a business mistake were more likely to consider reconciliation if the offender took personal blame and offered an apology.
A new CT-based classification system has been proposed to improve surgical planning and outcomes for patients with acetabular fractures. The system can clearly define the type of fracture, location, and position of principal fragments, enabling preoperative surgical planning that leads to shorter operating times and recovery periods.
A study by George Bonanno found that college students who could both express and suppress their emotions were less distressed and better adjusted. The key to healthy emotional expression is knowing when to let it show.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have successfully transformed human fat cells into functional nerve cells using a cocktail of growth factors and induction agents. The newly formed cells demonstrated characteristics similar to developing neuronal tissue and responded similarly to normal nerve cells under certain conditions.
A new study suggests that people who hold a strong belief in a just world are more likely to experience distress and have a desire for revenge when their worldview is challenged. The research, published in Psychological Science, also found that those most distressed by the challenge had the strongest feelings of revenge.
A new study found that D-dimer tests can eliminate the need for CT angiograms of the lungs in 60% of cases, where the result is negative. The test measures the amount of D-dimer in blood, a breakdown product of fibrin, which forms blood clots.