A study found that care managers can significantly improve clinical outcomes for patients with depression, reducing suicidal thoughts and improving treatment response rates. The intervention, which involved structured treatment guidelines and regular follow-up, led to faster resolution of suicidal thinking in patients who received it.
A primary care-based intervention reduced suicidal ideation in older adults with depression by over two-thirds, with improved depressive symptoms and risk of suicide. The program, called PROSPECT, used a clinical algorithm and treatment management by trained clinicians to improve treatment quality.
Women experience a range of physical symptoms, including hot flashes and vaginal dryness, following breast cancer treatment. Mood and emotional functioning are similar among all women at the end of primary treatment.
The American Physical Society's Hydrogen Initiative report emphasizes the need for significant scientific breakthroughs to make the initiative successful. Current production methods are four times more expensive than gasoline, and no material exists to construct a hydrogen fuel tank that meets consumer benchmarks.
SLC5A8 transporter enables the colon to absorb short-chain fatty acids, produced by bacteria fermenting plant cell walls, for energy. This finding supports eating vegetables to limit antibiotic use and promotes a healthy gut microbiome.
A recent study combines data from two studies comparing linezolid and vancomycin for ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Linezolid was found to be more effective in eradicating the infection, with a 15% higher cure rate compared to vancomycin.
The study reveals Rb protein is crucial for retinal cell proliferation and rod development, providing clues to improving treatment of retinoblastoma. Understanding Rb's role in normal mouse development can help explain why mice without the gene don't develop the disease.
The study highlights the dangers of crystal methamphetamine use on HIV risk, particularly among young men who have sex with men. Methamphetamine can suppress a part of the immune system important in fighting off HIV, increasing the risk of infection and contracting the disease.
Researchers studying Arctic rivers and ocean find most organic carbon is relatively young, but warming may release older, stored carbon into the atmosphere. This could lead to a positive feedback loop, enhancing greenhouse effects and accelerating global warming.
A Baltimore study finds that EPA's ambient model estimates grossly underestimate cancer health risks from indoor air toxins. The researchers used passive air sampling badges to measure personal, outdoor, and indoor concentrations of VOCs, finding a factor of three underestimation of actual risk.
A study in St. Louis, MO found that nearly half of poor African-American babies shared a bed with their mother, increasing SIDS risk. Providing safe cribs to these families reduced this risk by 78%.
A new clinical study examines whether restoring good bacteria in intensive-care patients can help prevent infections. The study, led by Dr. Robert G. Martindale, aims to enroll 400 patients and assess the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing infections.
A new study confirms that vaccinating children effectively reduces invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in both young and older children, as well as adults. The vaccine has been shown to significantly decrease IPD rates by 94% in children aged 2-23 months.
The study replicates and extends earlier results on bubble fusion, a method for achieving nuclear fusion without strong magnetic fields or lasers. The new data show significant neutron emission rates, consistent with theoretical predictions.
A study published in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence found that women who frequent certain kinds of bars and engage in specific behaviors are more likely to experience bar-related aggression. The research, which included 198 high-risk women aged 29, also identified key bar characteristics associated with aggression.
A study estimates that brain and nervous system disorders in the US may cost as much as $1.2 trillion annually, with complex genetics contributing significantly to the disease burden. Genetic factors are believed to play a major role in these disorders, particularly those with high heritability rates.
Researchers developed gene therapy targeting phospholamban, a protein contributing to heart failure. Studies in rats showed improved heart function and reduced scar tissue formation after treatment.
The study highlights the need for greater support and educational intervention during infectious disease outbreaks. Front-line health care workers are at real danger of becoming infected, as seen in SARS cases where 20% of infected individuals were healthcare workers.
A study by the Chinese University of Hong Kong found that orthokeratology contact lenses may cause permanent vision loss in children if not worn properly. The study highlights the risks of corneal ulcers and infection associated with overnight OKL wear, which deprives the corneas of oxygen.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have successfully assembled the chicken genome, providing a comprehensive resource for scientists worldwide. The draft assembly is based on seven-fold sequence coverage and has been deposited into public databases for free access.
The new system uses high-frequency seismic waves to detect buried mines, distinguishing them from soil and ground clutter. Researchers have demonstrated its advantage in laboratory and limited field tests, with promising results at government testing facilities.
Researchers created a gel that effectively increases isolated single wall carbon nanotube concentrations without bundling. The resulting nematic nanotube gels exhibit beautiful defect patterns and mechanical strains, opening up potential for novel composites and applications.
A new imaging technique uses MRI and spectroscopy to analyze choline levels in tumors, accurately identifying malignant carcinomas in 8 out of 8 cases. The study suggests MRSI may aid physicians in diagnosing breast cancer and could potentially replace biopsy in certain cases.
A UK MP emphasizes the need to increase teenage participation in cancer clinical trials to improve survival rates. Currently, many teenagers face lengthy travel distances for treatment at specialized units, often exceeding 200 miles from their homes.
Vascular spasm is an under-recognized source of damage to heart muscle, leading to reduced function and increased risk of death. The study found that correcting genetic defects in heart muscle cells can halt focal degeneration and prevent vascular spasm.
Tony Hunter and Raymond N. DuBois have been awarded prestigious Landon-AACR Prizes for their significant contributions to understanding, treatment, and prevention of cancer. Their work has led to the development of anti-cancer drugs and potential mechanisms to inhibit enzyme activity.
A study published in Toxicological Sciences found that a toxin combination common in fish impairs motor skills, particularly when combined with PCBs. The research suggests that additive toxic effects of these chemicals on human health should be seriously considered.
The Canadian Medical Association recommends a national review of pharmacy prescription records confidentiality, calling for Health Canada to establish standards. The pharmaceutical industry should not be responsible for managing the issue.
A study of 740 homeless children in NYC found that 26.9% had a prior diagnosis of asthma and 12.9% reported symptoms consistent with moderate or severe persistent asthma. The authors suggest that high levels of exposure to adverse psychological factors contribute to the severity and undertreatment of asthma in homeless children.
Researchers at MIT discovered that memories with emotional arousal are remembered by the amygdala, whereas calm memories are processed by the prefrontal cortex. This finding has important implications for understanding how the brain makes memories and may lead to treatments for memory loss and learning impairments.
A University of Iowa study suggests that blocking the action of a certain protein involved in inflammation might be beneficial for organ transplantation, heart attacks, and possibly stroke. The study found that selective inhibition of this protein can prevent tissue damage caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury.
A study found that less than half of urban fathers regularly attend doctor's appointments with their young children. The research highlights the need for family-friendly employment policies to encourage father involvement in childcare.
Cancer specialist Professor Bleyer warns that teenagers and young adults are 'orphaned in the world of cancer care delivery,' citing a 25-year stagnation in survival rates compared to children and older adults. The main reasons include delayed diagnosis due to psychological factors, lack of routine medical care, and underinsured status.
Researchers at the NIH's National Eye Institute have developed a new therapy, daclizumab, that controls uveitis inflammation in seven of 10 patients over a four-year period. The therapy is well-tolerated and may allow patients to administer it to themselves at home.
The US Preventive Services Task Force finds insufficient evidence to show that routine screenings for physical abuse and intimate partner violence lead to decreased disability or premature death. Clinicians should remain vigilant and look for signs of abuse or neglect, despite the lack of proof that interventions work.
The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been awarded three Excellence in Technology Transfer Awards for its innovative technologies. The Electrodynamic Ion Funnel significantly improves the sensitivity of mass spectrometers, enabling the detection of new proteins and biomarkers for cancer early detection. Additionally, alp...
A randomized controlled trial found that disulfiram significantly reduced cocaine use in adults not dependent on alcohol, while CBT showed similar effectiveness. The combination of disulfiram and CBT was particularly effective for non-alcoholic users who abstained from alcohol during the study.
Researchers at Rensselaer aim to develop a key set of tools to synthesize and screen promising compounds rapidly, identifying those most suitable for further development as potential new drugs. The proposed techniques could speed up the drug development process, reducing costs from $1.7 billion to an unknown amount.
Physicists at Ohio State University propose a solution to the long-standing information paradox by suggesting that black holes are made up of giant tangles of strings that preserve the information of particles that enter them. This theory resolves the paradox and provides new insights into the nature of black holes.
The Canadian Medical Association Journal explores the trend of elective cesarean sections, highlighting concerns about comparing vaginal birth to planned cesarean delivery. Hannah argues that only a comparison of planned vaginal and planned cesarean births can determine which carries greater risk to mother and baby.
A recent study published in the Pediatrics journal found that the United States may have a surplus of pediatricians for the next 20 years. Despite fears of a shortage, researchers used a novel approach to projecting the work force and found that the experience in pediatrics differs greatly from other primary care specialties.
A study found that minors can purchase nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products in 81% of attempts, with most sellers not asking for proof of age. The FDA-approved labeling has little effect on actual sales practice, highlighting the need for improved access to NRT for teens.
A new study reveals uveitis is more prevalent than previously estimated, with nearly 1,000 patients in northern California affected. The disease affects over 280,000 people in the US each year, leading to 30,000 new cases of blindness annually.
Researchers develop vaccine that prevents tumor growth in mice, while also reversing cardiac dysfunction through gene therapy. These breakthroughs demonstrate the potential of combinatorial approaches to vaccination and gene therapy for treating neoplastic lesions and heart disease.
In 2003, US blood banks screened nearly 6 million donations for West Nile virus, identifying over 1,000 infected units and removing them from the supply. The screenings reduced the risk of transmission associated with blood transfusions, highlighting the effectiveness of proactive measures in preventing disease spread.
Researchers have made significant discoveries in controlling friction at the nanometer scale, developing more resilient network architectures, and precisely manipulating millions of atoms. These advancements hold promise for improving nanoengineering applications and enhancing our understanding of fundamental mechanisms.
A study by the American Academy of Ophthalmology found that blacks are 1.8 times more likely to develop cataracts than whites, with a three-fold risk of cortical cataract development in black populations. The increased risk is attributed to high rates of diabetes, hypertension, and abdominal obesity in black populations.
A study found that both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis improved general functioning and well-being, but with different outcomes. Peritoneal dialysis patients showed improvements in finances, while hemodialysis patients had better sleep.
The Bridging the Rift Center will study the unique ecology of the Dead Sea region, transforming a remote desert into a thriving science and technology village. The center will symbolically straddle the border, bringing together scientists from Jordan, Israel, and international partners.
A study by Professor Michael Waterson found that fast food chains like McDonald's and Burger King locate closely together in shopping districts due to competition. The larger the population area, the sooner a McDonald's outlet opens, but this effect diminishes as population increases.
Using targeted antiviral prophylaxis (TAP) on close contacts of suspected flu cases can effectively contain an epidemic, with only 2% of the population becoming ill and a death rate of 0.04 per 1,000 people. TAP is nearly as effective as vaccinating 80% of the entire population, especially when used for eight weeks.
The UK Teenage Cancer Trust is calling for government action to address the poor survival rates and lack of support for young cancer patients. The charity argues that current systems often lead to late diagnosis, inadequate clinical trials, and a lack of specialized care, resulting in poor outcomes.
The new website will collect and organize resources such as funding opportunities, research programs, and conferences, facilitating the growth of the biogeoscience field. It will also feature a discussion forum and image gallery, supporting scientists in defining the field and addressing its future.
Researchers have identified a dual strategy used by viruses to subvert the immune system, involving the targeting of hematopoietic progenitors and inhibition of dendritic cell maturation. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of viral immunosuppression, enabling better understanding of immune evasion tactics.
Researchers are developing an intervention to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in a rat model. They will examine the effects of ergonomic and pharmaceutical interventions to stop the condition from becoming chronic. The five-year study aims to refine treatment and save people from further pain and disability.
Researchers found a significant increase in cancer cases among teenagers and young adults, with certain cancers dominating at different ages. The study suggests that environmental risk factors and genetic susceptibility may play a role in the increasing incidence of adolescent and young adult cancer.
A Stanford study found that students who engaged in anti-tobacco advocacy significantly reduced their cigarette use compared to traditional drug abuse prevention classes. The decrease continued six months later, a rare finding in similar studies.
Researchers use ATTA, a highly sensitive method, to measure krypton-81 in groundwater, estimating ages of 200,000 to 1,000,000 years. The study reveals ancient water transported by air masses from the Atlantic Ocean, reflecting climate conditions different from today.
A new vaccine has been shown to halt HER-2/neu preneoplastic breast cancer lesions through both morphologic and gene expression data. The findings suggest a potential breakthrough in the treatment of this type of cancer, according to a recent study published in JCI Journals.
The study found that 88% of patients treated with wavefront-guided LASIK showed improved contrast sensitivity, compared to 40% for standard LASIK. This technology reduces higher-order distortions, leading to sharper vision with greater contrast sensitivity.