The DOE's Multiscale Mathematics program addresses scientific problems spanning multiple time scales and length scales, funding over 100 researchers across the US. The program aims to develop new multiscale mathematics algorithms and analysis to support research in fuel cell design, accelerator design, combustion processes, and materia...
A recent study by Cornell University researchers found that mothers are discriminated against in the workplace due to cultural biases. The study showed that mothers are more likely to be rejected for job opportunities and face lower wages compared to non-mothers, as they're held to a harsher performance standard.
A new tool measures cocaine residue in river and sewage waters, revealing an average daily use of at least 27 doses of 100mg cocaine per 1,000 young adults. This exceeds official national estimates, with 40,000 doses used daily in the Po valley.
Researchers found a disrupted brain wave pattern in patients with schizophrenia, which may help understand attention deficits. The study aims to develop a biological test to distinguish patients with schizophrenia from those with bipolar disorder.
A new study by Virginia Tech researchers has found that some products passing the National Sanitation Foundation Section 8 standard may have a greater capacity to leach lead into water, exceeding previously believed limits. The study's findings highlight the need for updated standards and regulations to address this complex issue.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a prototype handheld gas phase chemical sensing device and a liquid phase sensing device using small quantum cascade lasers. The devices can detect levels of chemicals as low as 30 parts-per-billion, enabling fast response times for applications such as breath diagnostics and water monitoring.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute find that adult stem cells fuse with muscle cells to form functional tissue, contradicting the long-held idea of transdifferentiation. This discovery has significant implications for stem cell therapies targeting organ regeneration.
A new contrast agent enables quicker and more thorough MRI screenings for potential living liver donors. The study found that this agent can image the liver, bile duct, and vessels simultaneously, reducing the need for separate examinations.
Harvard Medical School researchers developed a new DNA sequencing technology that can sequence human genomes at a fraction of the cost using off-the-shelf instruments and chemical reagents. The technique uses fluorescent dyes to identify DNA bases, allowing for high accuracy and rapid sequencing.
Researchers found that higher folate levels were associated with healthier birth weights, contradicting previous findings. The study suggests that fortifying everyday foods with folic acid could be an effective solution to improve health outcomes.
A recent survey in Botswana has found a significant increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis, with 10% of new patients showing resistance to at least one anti-TB drug. The study suggests that enhanced interventions are needed to contain the burden of tuberculosis in Botswana and prevent further drug resistance.
A new clinical trial at UT Southwestern Medical Center has shown that cognitive therapy can effectively treat recurrent depression in patients. The study, which involves 16-20 sessions of cognitive therapy over 12 weeks, has been shown to improve treatment outcomes for individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).
A combined analysis of two trials found a 40% decrease in risk of events such as recurrences or new cancers when switching from tamoxifen to anastrozole after 2 years. However, more patients experienced bone fractures on anastrozole.
Researchers have provided unprecedented insight into the properties of super-hard ceramic materials, which exhibit unusual pliability and potential applications in fields like aerospace and medical implants. The study's findings could lead to the development of stronger materials with improved ductility and control over their properties.
Researchers accurately predicted fMRI signals in patients while watching a movie, validating its use in human neuroscience research. The findings also highlight the importance of further study to understand the correlation between fMRI and single neuronal activity.
A new study by researchers at NIEHS found that over half of the US population is sensitive to one or more allergens. The prevalence of positive skin test responses was significantly higher in NHANES III than in NHANES II, coinciding with an increase in asthma cases between 1980 and 1996.
The article highlights the involvement of doctors in torture and prisoner abuse, with some institutions blurring their ethical guidance. Dr. Michael Wilks calls for a reversal of assault on international bodies like the UN to address this issue.
Drillers penetrate active fault zone to observe earthquakes up close, allowing scientists to study conditions under which earthquakes initiate and grow. The SAFOD project combines data from the borehole with thousands of seismic measurements to investigate plate tectonics and fundamental scientific questions.
The Cassini-Huygens mission has captured the first-ever images of Saturn's auroral emissions at its poles, similar to Earth's Northern Lights. The UVIS instrument on the spacecraft shows rapid responses to changes in the solar wind and significant changes in emissions within the 'oval' of the aurora at Saturn's south pole.
MDCT arthrography outperforms MRI in detecting cartilage problems, offering better 3D evaluation and tissue contrast. The study suggests MDCT arthrography as a prominent method for imaging patients with hip dysplasia.
During NRL's Slope to Shelf Energetics and Exchange Dynamics field experiment, six current profiler moorings deployed on the continental shelf directly measured large waves up to 27.7 meters high during Hurricane Ivan. The measurements provide valuable data for assessing potential impacts of energetic storm waves on offshore structures.
The new partnership between NIAID and IPM aims to accelerate the development of effective microbicides, with a focus on enhancing formulation optimization, process development, and scale-up for manufacture. Large-scale effectiveness trials of five candidate microbicides are currently underway.
Researchers discovered specific mutations in the TACI gene that are associated with common variable immunodeficiency and IgA deficiency. These genetic defects impair the immune system's ability to fight infections, increasing the risk of recurrent illnesses and autoimmune diseases.
Research reveals bdelloid rotifers' unique ability to evolve without sex lies in their efficient handling of DNA transposons. These 'junk DNA' snippets are often a burden for species that reproduce asexually, but bdelloids handle them with relative ease.
Researchers have discovered that quinolinic acid neurotoxicity is present in all dementia patients' brains, leading to brain dysfunction and death. This finding may lead to the development of new treatments for Alzheimer's disease, which currently affects over 200,000 Australians.
Researchers found that participants with moderate leisure-time physical activity had a 14% lower risk of any type of stroke, while those with high activity levels had a 26% lower risk. Daily commuting activities also showed a significant association with reduced stroke risk.