A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that prompt ear tube insertion does not improve developmental outcomes in healthy children with middle-ear effusion, contrary to previous findings. The study enrolled 6,350 infants and followed them regularly for three years.
Thomas Kucera, a renowned chemist and advocate for disability rights, will receive the ACS Committee on Chemists with Disabilities' Lifetime Achievement Award. He was the first editor of a landmark publication on teaching chemistry to students with disabilities.
A mouse model of Rett Syndrome displays reduced cortical activity, suggesting a primary cellular defect. The study found that the excitatory-inhibitory balance in the cortex is shifted towards inhibition, which may underlie cognitive, motor, and social symptoms in RTT.
Scientists predict that the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free during the summer months within 100 years due to rapid warming. The report highlights the urgent need for reducing carbon dioxide emissions to mitigate this drastic change.
Researchers at Imperial College London have made a major breakthrough in growing human lungs for transplantation using embryonic stem cells. The cells will be used to repair damaged lungs, particularly in cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Researchers at the University at Buffalo have identified microtubules as a critical target for treating Parkinson's disease, which is caused by damage to these intracellular highways. The study found that protecting microtubules can prevent the toxic effects of rotenone on dopamine-producing neurons.
Long-term and regular aspirin use is associated with a significant reduction in colorectal cancer risk, with benefits observed at doses of 14 tablets per week or more. The study found that the risk of colorectal cancer decreased by up to 53% among women who took high-dose aspirin for over 10 years.
A study of 1,193 patients found only 94 received the HAV vaccine, highlighting a significant gap in vaccination rates. Patients with chronic HCV were at risk for severe liver disease and death if infected with HAV, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and vaccination efforts.
Scientists at UC Davis create porous aerogel supports to study artificial membrane systems, aiming to replicate biological membranes. This breakthrough could lead to new insights into how real cell membranes behave in platelet cells that form blood clots.
University of Florida engineers create drones with morphing gull-wing designs to enhance stability and agility in tight city spaces. The innovative technology allows planes to perform sharp turns, spins, and dives, and even land in confined areas, increasing their utility for military operations.
A new study provides direct evidence that the brain's own pain-fighting chemicals play a role in the placebo effect, reducing feelings of pain. Participants who received a sham pain treatment reported increased activity in their mu opioid endorphin system after being told they were receiving a medicine.
Researchers study two entire sea anemone colonies clashing, discovering organized armies of warriors, scouts, and reproductives. Complex behaviors emerge at the group level despite simple organism members.
Scientists at University College London found that the parietal cortex is crucial for detecting changes in a visual scene, explaining why we often miss dramatic changes while concentrating. The discovery sheds new light on 'change blindness,' a phenomenon where people fail to notice large visual changes.
A study published in JAMA found that anesthesia-assisted rapid opioid detoxification is not more effective than other treatment methods and can be associated with health risks. Only 11% of patients continued in treatment for 12 weeks, highlighting the need for effective relapse prevention strategies.
Researchers generate high-resolution dataset of vegetation canopy height, aboveground biomass, and carbon stocks for the US in 2000. The dataset will enable unprecedented quantification of biomass and carbon stocks, improving studies on climate interactions, forest fire mitigation, and wildlife habitat characterization.
A study found a strong relationship between HCV infection and having an anti-HCV positive family member, with the highest incidence rate in children under 10 living in households with an anti-HCV positive parent. Parenteral exposures increased the risk of HCV, particularly in men married to an HCV positive woman.
Researchers have discovered a new function of RNA in the human immune system, which could lead to the development of new treatments for cancer and single-gene genetic diseases. The study found that certain types of RNA are more likely to trigger an immune response due to their chemical modifications.
The MAGIC telescope has tracked a long duration gamma-ray burst, GRB050713A, in the X-ray and very high energy gamma ray band. The observation was made possible by rapid tracking of the telescope, which allowed it to start observing the source just 20 seconds after an alert from the Swift satellite.
A study found that long-term aspirin use lowers the risk of invasive colorectal cancer, especially in those taking high doses for more than 10 years. However, serious gastrointestinal bleeding risk increases with higher doses.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a bacteria that produces succinate, a key chemical precursor for 'green' plastics and drugs. The breakthrough could lead to the creation of sustainable products using renewable resources like grain sorghum.
A recent study has found that obese patients with estrogen-receptor negative (ER-negative) breast cancer are at risk of undertreatment due to reduced chemotherapy doses. The study, published in The Lancet, suggests that obese women with ER-negative disease who receive 85% or more of the recommended first course dose have significantly ...
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital developed a new screening test, CHr, to detect iron deficiency in infants. The test identified 83% of iron-deficient infants correctly, compared to only 26% with the standard hemoglobin test.
The ACS Scholars Program has reached its 10-year milestone, providing financial support to over 1,600 minority students pursuing degrees in chemistry and related disciplines. The program aims to diversify chemical fields in academia and the workforce, with a focus on African American, Hispanic/Latino, and American Indian students.
A mentoring program aims to improve the retention of college students and faculty from historically underrepresented groups. The study suggests that standardized goal-setting and development skills can aid in this process, as well as discussing genealogy to foster a sense of belonging within the discipline.
Researchers have discovered a genetic finding that may hold the key to unlocking treatments for farsightedness and nearsightedness. The MFRP protein, found in a rare eye disorder called nanophthalmos, regulates eye growth and refraction, making it a promising target for correcting severe refractive errors.
Researchers at CCNY and Lehman College found that magnetic avalanches can propagate like a flame, releasing magnetic energy into a crystal. This phenomenon, known as 'magnetic burning', has potential applications in understanding combustion dynamics.
Researchers investigated the link between bicycle riding and sexual health, finding that high pressures from saddle interface can temporarily occlude penile blood flow. Effective strategies based on ergonometrics and urogenital physiologic principles are needed to reduce risk of erectile dysfunction from cycling.
The ACS Honors 2005 Heroes of Chemistry, who developed treatments for psychosis, myeloid leukemia, and dental disease. They also created cleaner gasoline and materials for smaller computer chips.
SINTEL aims to provide automated, real-time situational information for ship crews, including threat assessment and decision aids. The lab will test and analyze threat scenarios in the NY Harbor environment using a combination of E/O and IR sensor modeling systems.
Researchers have discovered that malfunctioning bone marrow cells can cause premature cell death and dysfunction in nerve cells, leading to neuropathy. The study provides a basis for understanding the dangerous nerve condition in diabetics and may eventually lead to a treatment.
A randomised study found that butterbur extract was as effective as conventional antihistamines in treating symptoms of intermittent allergic rhinitis. The extract also did not cause drowsiness, making it a potentially useful treatment option for patients who cannot tolerate other therapies.
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have discovered that measuring C-reactive protein levels can help identify patients with stiffened arteries, which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. The study suggests that suppressing low-grade inflammation may be a potential target for improving arterial health.
A study found that two-thirds of Phase I abstracts accepted by the American Society of Clinical Oncology were published in peer-reviewed medical journals within seven and a half years. The median time to publication was 3.4 years, which is concerning as it may delay further investigation with encouraging agents.
A new epidemiological study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found a protective relationship between non-aspirin, non-steroidal drugs (NANSAIDs) and heart attacks. The study used patient surveys instead of administrative databases, which may have skewed previous results.
Researchers found that viral protein vFLIP K13 actively promotes cancer cell growth through the NF-?B pathway, leading to increased lymphoma formation in transgenic mice. The study provides a promising new target for novel therapies against HHV8-associated tumors.
Researchers found propofol to be an effective treatment for continuous seizures in children, controlling seizures in 14 out of 22 patients. Propofol was preferred over thiopental due to lower side effects and fewer respiratory problems.
Researchers at the University of Iowa developed a new gene therapy vector that can effectively deliver therapeutic genes to liver cells, converting Hemophilia A from a severe to a mild form in mice. The correction lasted 30 weeks and showed promise for reducing bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia.
A novel coronavirus, HCoV-NL63, is strongly associated with croup in children under three years old. The study found that 43% of patients with high viral load and no co-infection had croup, compared to 6% of those without the virus.
Children in southern Italy face a constellation of risks including high school dropout rates and low youth employment. The region also struggles with low vaccination uptake rates, leaving kids vulnerable to preventable diseases.
Researchers demonstrated that birds can be trained to respond to a magnetic direction and found that the ability to orient with magnetic cues is present in an ancient avian lineage. The new approach uses a social stimulus, unlike most previous attempts which relied on food rewards.
A new project in Australia is exploring the economic benefits of treating depression in employees. The WORC Project has surveyed 80,000 employees and found that treating depression can recoup $338 per employee per year, improving morale and reducing costs associated with absenteeism and work under-productivity.
Researchers found that Bell 206 helicopters with crash-resistant fuel systems had fewer post-crash fires than Aerospatial-350 helicopters without the system. The study suggests that stricter regulations and technology could improve civilian helicopter safety.
Researchers develop new method to detect sequestered malaria parasites in red blood cells. The study found that patients with severe malaria have six times higher parasite burden than those without severe symptoms.
Scientists have devised a new technique for creating human stem cells by fusing somatic cells with embryonic stem cells. The hybrid cells exhibit characteristics of human embryonic stem cells and can be induced to mature into various specialized cell types. However, technical hurdles remain before this method can be widely adopted.
Researchers studied over 13,000 people from five diverse sites to investigate dementia incidence. The study found no convincing evidence of variation in dementia incidence across sites or age groups, challenging previous proposals for public health policy.
In a study published in Nature Neuroscience, researchers found that monkeys overwhelmingly preferred to gamble by looking at the 'risky' target, even when it yielded smaller rewards. The neurons in the posterior cingulate cortex of the brain were found to be signaling the monkeys' subjective valuation of the target.
New study reveals that only about two-thirds of phase I clinical trial data were published within 7.5 years, highlighting the need for improvement in data dissemination. Lack of time and author relocation were cited as major obstacles to publication.
ERDITI, a collaboration between pharmaceutical companies and academic researchers, aims to repurpose 'abandoned' compounds for rare diseases. The initiative, launched by Alain Fischer, could lead to discoveries of effective treatments and profitable new drugs.
Researchers studied fruit flies' gap-climbing behavior, revealing three motor programs and complex motor patterns composed of behavioral subunits. Flies adapt and improve their movements to traverse gaps beyond their body size.
A comprehensive analysis of gene expression revealed that 650 genes differ between normal individuals and patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease. Down-regulation, rather than up-regulation, was the prevailing pattern found in both diseases.
Researchers found that women with ovarian cancer were more likely to present to physicians with abdominal swelling or pelvic pain up to 12 months before diagnosis. Diagnostic testing showed only a minority of patients received necessary tests, highlighting the need for earlier detection.
Researchers found that exercising regularly, eating a high-quality diet and maintaining a normal weight can reduce the risk of periodontitis by up to 40%. These healthy behaviors also contribute to lowering diabetes risk factors. Regular monitoring and promotion of these habits by oral health professionals can help prevent gum disease.
Researchers discovered a new compound, LMP-420, that potently reduces activation of endothelial cells and inflammation in cerebral malaria. This finding offers a promising avenue for treating the condition, which has a high fatality rate despite existing treatments.
A Carnegie Mellon study found that people's emotional reactions to 9/11 persistently predict their perception of terrorism risk. Emotions like fear and anger affect optimism and pessimism about future attacks, while hindsight bias remains unchanged.
A new drug, CX717, has been shown to reverse the negative effects of sleep deprivation on brain activity and performance in monkeys. The drug targets AMPA receptors involved in cell-to-cell communication, restoring normal brain patterns and improving cognitive function.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have discovered a novel mechanism called recursive splicing, which removes long introns by steadily paring them down in a predictable fashion and joining the remaining exons. This process has been conserved over tens of millions of years of insect evolution and is likely to occur in humans.
Researchers used genome synteny to study two closely related flower genes, AGAMOUS and PLENA, in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. They found that the genes originated from a single duplicated event around 125 million years ago.
Researchers discovered a potential biomarker, PKCi, which predicts outcome in non-serous ovarian cancer when combined with Cyclin E. High levels of the protein correspond to reduced survival rates.
A study found that weekly zinc supplements significantly reduced mortality rates among children under five years old, with a 85% decrease observed worldwide. Additionally, these supplements also showed promise in reducing pneumonia and diarrhea cases among infants younger than six months.
Researchers discovered that thermophilic bacteria have an abundance of disulfide bonds, which improve protein stability and boost heat-tolerance. The study identified a specific protein, protein disulfide oxidoreductase (PDO), playing a key role in forming these bonds.