Researchers found that small sections of the ocean floor may be rotating like imperfectly meshing cogs, contradicting previous expectations. The discovery provides new insights into the evolution of complex plate boundaries and has significant implications for our understanding of plate tectonics.
A plant derivative called parthenolide selectively kills leukemia stem cells while sparing normal cells, offering a promising new therapy for leukemia. This breakthrough research identifies molecular pathways that allow parthenolide to induce cancer cell death.
As we age, our brain's ability to filter out background noise and sort information affects our hearing. Researchers have found a 'feedback' problem in the brain that diminishes our ability to hear, particularly in older adults who experience age-related hearing loss.
A randomized trial found that 3-day regimens of amoxicillin-clavulanate were less effective than ciprofloxacin in treating acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. Amoxicillin-clavulanate was also less effective among susceptible bacterial strains, highlighting the need for alternative treatments.
Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute have identified an antibody called 4E10 that can neutralize nearly 100 different HIV strains. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a more effective HIV vaccine by targeting this specific epitope.
A recent study analyzed 231 articles on weight loss studies, revealing inadequate reporting of subject characteristics. The findings show that 92% of studies missed medication use, 34% ignored health status, and 86% failed to indicate ethnicity.
Researchers analyzed data from a three-year study in rural Zimbabwe and found no correlation between contaminated needle use and increased HIV transmission. The study collected data from over 1,800 participants and excluded injections as a major transmission route.
Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding diabetic nephropathy by identifying CD36 as the probable trigger of kidney disease in diabetics. High glucose levels cause a change on the surface of cells, triggering the production of CD36, which leads to kidney cell death.
A large clinical trial found that menopausal hormone therapy increased the incidence of urinary incontinence, particularly stress UI, and worsened its characteristics among symptomatic women. The study suggests that MHT should be reevaluated as a treatment option for UI.
A recent study by Dr. Susan Harkness found that despite increased employment rates for mothers with pre-school children, women continue to face unequal working hours and household responsibilities, leading to increased time pressures and decreased earning power.
A study found that bipolar disorder is prevalent among patients in an urban primary care clinic, with 9.8% screening positive for the condition. Patients who screened positive reported worse health-related quality of life and social impairment compared to those who did not screen positive.
Researchers at North Carolina State University discovered that plants respond similarly to signals from both beneficial rhizobia and parasitic root-knot nematodes. This response involves rapid changes in the distribution of the plant's cytoskeleton, leading to growth changes such as nodules or galls.
A frozen sea was discovered near the Martian equator using 3D images from the Mars Express probe, revealing a vast area of ice that may have been home to primitive life. The find is significant as it suggests that liquid water on Mars existed for thousands of millions of years, providing a possible habitat for life.
Researchers found significantly higher risks of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma among HCV patients in Sweden. The risk increases with the duration of HCV infection, suggesting that long-lasting infection may contribute to cancer development.
Researchers found high levels of perchlorate in breast milk across the US, correlating with low iodide levels that can inhibit thyroid function. The study suggests revising recommended daily intake of iodine for pregnant and nursing women.
High-intensity ultrasound is used to generate nanoparticles of molybdenum disulfide or oxide, which bind to tiny silica spheres. Hollow shells are then created by etching away the silica, resulting in nanospheres with increased edge-surface area for enhanced catalytic activity.
Researchers have successfully replicated the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a laboratory setting using a new in vitro model system. The system allows for the study of HCV therapeutics and the entire virus life cycle, including replication, assembly, and release from host cells.
A study at Binghamton University investigates how instruction can enhance people's response to hypnotic suggestions, with the goal of making hypnosis a more effective tool for managing anxiety and promoting positive changes. The research also explores the link between mindfulness and hypnotic responsiveness.
A team of researchers designed a protective structure to reduce tractor rollover accidents, resulting in improved agricultural worker safety. The 'Estrema' programme calculates necessary structures for various types of tractors, with enhanced models approved for use in the agricultural sector.
A new investigational transplant drug called LEA29Y has been shown to selectively block the co-stimulatory signal that triggers an immune response, thereby preventing organ rejection and preserving kidney function. This approach avoids the toxic side effects associated with current immunosuppressant medications like cyclosporine.
A study found celecoxib safe for short-term use in patients with cirrhosis, whereas naproxen harms renal function. Celecoxib did not affect kidney function, while naproxen reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased serum creatinine levels.
A new study reveals that referrals to palliative care come too late to improve quality of life for cancer patients. Researchers surveyed 318 family members and found that only 48% thought referral timing was appropriate, while most believed care was given too late.
The new test can identify babies born with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), a life-threatening illness, early on, allowing for effective treatment. The test uses dried blood samples from newborns, providing the first accurate and high-throughput screen for immune deficiencies.
A joint environmental monitoring system was established between Hungary and Slovakia to assess the dam's impact on the Danube River. The authors recommend integrating this system with regional monitoring structures to achieve sustainable management of shared water resources.
A study led by Drs. Dennis R. Burton and Ian A. Wilson identified the specific amino acids on gp41 that 4E10 interacts with, revealing its unique ability to target a conserved region near the surface of the virus. This research advances the quest for an HIV-1 vaccine, providing valuable insights into broadly neutralizing antibodies.
The NYU Child Study Center will provide the 8-week Life Enrichment Program to address persistent needs of children of uniformed personnel and their caregivers. The program aims to decrease distress, increase energy and confidence, improve parent-child relationships, and increase social support for surviving spouses.
USC researchers have found that flawed hardware can be tolerable in various applications, such as graphics and accounting. They've developed simple test structures to determine attributes of erroneous performance, enabling cost-efficient testing and prediction.
A recent UCLA study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that people's drinking habits decrease with age, with an average decline of 9-11% per decade. The study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to track changes in drinking behavior over time.
The pharmaceutical industry is struggling with declining productivity and increasing R&D costs, prompting the need for innovative solutions. Personalized medicine offers a promising approach by targeting drugs to individuals likely to respond well, while regional development and cluster formation can foster collaboration and competitiv...
Researchers at UT Southwestern have identified a protein called HIF-2a, which may help treat premature blindness caused by retinopathy of prematurity. The study found that controlling this protein could prevent or treat ROP before it happens, offering new hope for premature babies.
The new guidelines, developed by a team of leading experts in child psychiatry, provide evidence-based recommendations for treating children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. The guidelines emphasize the importance of using multiple medications to stabilize moods and promote recovery.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have discovered a protein called CD36 that may play a key role in the development of diabetic kidney disease. The study found that CD36 is present in specific cells and can trigger self-directed cell death or apoptosis, leading to progressive kidney failure.
Researchers have discovered three new bacterial species, Wolbachia wAna, wSim, and wMoj, in the genomes of Drosophila fruit flies. The discovery was made by scanning raw genomic data from the Trace Archive, a public repository of sequencing projects.
A new diagnostic technique, conformation-dependent immunoassay (CDI), is being considered as the standard approach for brain biopsies of patients suspected of having prion disease. The study found that CDI detected prions in 100% of samples studied, while traditional tests failed to detect them in a high proportion of cases.
Men who were most physically active at start of study cut their risk by 50 percent, while strenuous activity in early adult life reduced risk by 60 percent. Physical activity was also linked to lower risk in women, although this relationship was not statistically significant.
The Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS and the American Association for the Advancement of Science are promoting global health partnerships to accelerate HIV/AIDS vaccine research. Collaborations between governments, industry, and multilateral organizations can make a substantial difference in advancing vaccine development.
A study by the University of Washington found that more than half of high school seniors (56%) were employed in the spring of their final year, mostly in minimum-wage jobs. These students often worked long hours and for low pay, which can impact their ability to balance work and academic responsibilities.
Bees' brains process scents in a complex system that correlates with behavioral responses, suggesting a species-specific code for odor recognition. The study's findings improve understanding of animal perception and memory, paving the way for further research.
Researchers found diverse surface materials, including hydrated minerals, which suggest water was common on Mars. The study suggests areas like Syrtis Major, Valles Marineris, and Terra Meridiani are strong candidates for future Mars missions.
Researchers debate the ethics of commercial cord blood banking, citing logistical difficulties and low probabilities of use. While some argue for private sector involvement, others raise concerns about exploiting emotional vulnerabilities of parents for financial gain.
According to Pinstrup-Andersen, failing to address Africa's devastating poverty will exacerbate global instability and push millions towards terrorism. The consequences of malnutrition and environmental degradation in Africa will have far-reaching effects on worldwide security.
Researchers found that tumors developing secondary resistance to Tarceva and Iressa had an additional EGFR mutation, rendering the drugs ineffective. The discovery highlights the need for alternative targeted therapies for patients with KRAS mutations.
Dr. Brooks' research highlights the link between biodiversity decline and emerging human and wildlife diseases, such as West Nile Virus and avian flu. He argues that understanding parasite life cycles is crucial to preventing these diseases.
A study of 34,133 patients found that only 55.7% received antimicrobials within an hour before incision, while 9.6% started treatment more than four hours post-incision. The results highlight opportunities to improve the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections.
A bird IQ test, developed by Dr. Lefebvre, ranks species based on their innovative feeding behaviors observed in the wild. The study found that birds with greater behavioral flexibility and larger forebrains are more successful in new environments.
Scientists discovered that birch pollen extracts inhibit a protein that normally blocks allergic reactions, leading to increased sensitivity in allergy-prone individuals.
Researchers found that genetic diversity of the Mlabri is significantly lower than other agriculture-based hill tribes, indicating a severe population reduction around 500-1000 years ago. This reverts previous assumptions that contemporary hunter-gatherer groups represent pre-agricultural human populations.
People with migraine are 43% more likely to be smokers and have high cholesterol, while those with aura symptoms are more likely to have high blood pressure and history of stroke or heart disease. The study suggests a shared predisposition toward both conditions.
A new study by University Hospital of Geneva suggests that cell phone images can be used to visualize and diagnose leg wounds remotely. The researchers evaluated the use of cell phones to take images of leg ulcers, transmit them to experts, and receive diagnoses, with high levels of agreement between remote and in-person evaluations.
Scientists have discovered a gene responsible for an insect's sense of smell, which is highly conserved across four different species, including pests that target crops and human health. This finding could lead to the development of new pesticides and disease-controlling insect repellents by targeting the insects' sense of smell.
Researchers found comparable weight loss results in patients over 60 compared to those under 60 undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Both age groups also experienced significant reductions in obesity-related diseases, such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
Scientists discover that tubeworms release waste sulfate to stimulate sulfide-producing microbes, enabling their remarkable 250-year lifespan. This symbiotic relationship helps the worms thrive in deep-sea environments where nutrients are scarce.
Scientists adapted a molecular biology technique called mass spectrometry-based genotyping to quickly detect and analyze the SARS virus from clinical samples. This breakthrough provides valuable information on transmission routes and containment policies.
Researchers have discovered that an ancient olfaction protein is shared by many insects, including fruit flies, medflies, and mosquitoes. This finding suggests a high degree of evolutionary conservation of the protein's function in detecting odors, which could be exploited for developing novel pest control methods.
Researchers at Stanford have developed a computer model that incorporates imaging data and can predict patient outcomes with increased accuracy. The model, which factors in the flexibility of veins and arteries, has shown promising results in large-animal studies, predicting flow after an aortic graft within 10%.
The study analyzed a dataset of 107 plants and animals, showing that the opportunity for selection to act on a gamete can influence recombination rates. The researchers found that strong selection on female gametes could lead to lower recombination rates in females.
Researchers found that genetic variation in bitter taste receptors affects how people perceive bitterness, with some having heightened sensitivity and others being insensitive. This study expands our understanding of individual differences in taste perception and may lead to new insights into the role of bitter compounds in human health.
Scientists found that tumors from six patients with non-small cell lung cancer who initially responded to gefitinib or erlotinib but relapsed carried activating mutations in the EGFR gene. The resistant tumor cells also carried a second mutation in the EGFR gene, which causes resistance to these drugs.
A new international treaty aims to address the global management of publicly funded health R&D, prioritizing diseases with a high burden such as tuberculosis and leishmaniasis. The treaty would provide a binding framework for redirecting knowledge and scientific expertise towards priority needs.
Researchers used mirror neurons to study human behavior and found that these cells can predict the intentions behind actions. This suggests a deeper level of understanding and prediction in human social interactions.