A team of researchers discovered that dark energy behaves similarly to Einstein's cosmological constant with a precision of 10%, contradicting several theoretical predictions. The study uses innovative camera technology and observations from multiple telescopes worldwide.
The study explores how immigrant families tell stories that reflect their country of origin and cultural identity. American-born children of newer immigrants are more likely to maintain ties with their family's country of origin, reflecting a shift towards cultural pluralism in the US.
Researchers from Purdue University and Kyoto University have discovered a plant gene that helps explain why human cells reject chemotherapy drugs. The gene, related to multi-drug resistant proteins in humans, moves a plant growth hormone into cells, suggesting a new approach to reducing drug dosages for cancer patients.
A survey found that nearly half of people with diabetes are not using aspirin as prescribed, despite its proven benefits in reducing heart attack and stroke risk. The study highlights the need for better communication between healthcare professionals and patients, particularly those with diabetes who are at higher risk.
Researchers at UF have discovered a population of stem cells with characteristics of adult and embryonic stem cells in cultures derived from bone tumor biopsies. These findings suggest that osteosarcoma, a common bone malignancy in children, may be linked to primitive stem cells.
A study of 83,585 and 73,418 women found that longer breastfeeding durations were associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, with risks decreasing by 15% and 14% per additional year of lactation. The findings suggest that maternal lactation may play a role in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women.
More than one-third of the US population lives in 'probable' and 'possible' adopter regions that have pledged to reduce emissions. These areas contribute up to half of the US gross domestic product, equivalent to 16.9% of global GDP. However, compliance will be a challenge due to lack of enforcement mechanisms.
A study found that 60% of healthcare providers, parents, and childcare workers knew the national guidelines for common childhood ailments only 60% of the time. Temporary exclusions are designed to prevent disease spread, but inconsistent application can lead to contentious issues between parents and caregivers.
A study found that individuals with the shortest delays had a greater probability of experiencing the largest number of symptoms, including sweating, which may prompt them to seek treatment early. Those with longer delays had moderate probability of experiencing chest pain and shortness of breath
Two studies by Cornell professor David Levitsky found that women who weighed themselves daily using the Tissue Monitoring System (TMS) gained less weight than those in a control group. Additionally, women who received lessons on estimating portion sizes in all-you-can-eat dining halls also showed no significant weight gain.
A comprehensive genetic analysis of snakes, lizards, and other scaly reptiles has revealed surprising relationships among the animals. The study places primitive-looking iguanian lizards at the top of the tree, near advanced lineages like snakes and monitor lizards.
A new joint neuroscience doctoral training program will be established at New Jersey Institute of Technology, Rutgers-Newark and UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School. The program aims to bring together interdisciplinary approaches to study nerve and brain function, with a focus on addressing complex challenges in the neurosciences.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis found that melatonin reduced the risk of death at one year by 34%. Melatonin was also shown to have a beneficial effect on sleep patterns in patients. The researchers urge caution in interpreting the clinical usefulness of large doses of melatonin.
A study of people with fibromyalgia found those with greater hour-to-hour and day-to-day variability in their pain levels were more likely to respond to placebos. The researchers used electronic diaries to track participants' pain levels, which proved more accurate than previous methods.
The joint doctoral program aims to develop curriculum, laboratory courses, and advanced training in computational biology, bioimage informatics, and structural biology. The program will provide students with interdisciplinary research opportunities and training.
Researchers found that megestrol acetate reduced weight loss and improved quality of life in patients with lung cancer and head and neck cancers undergoing radiation treatment. The study showed significant weight gain in the group receiving megestrol acetate compared to those on a placebo.
Researchers discovered AKT paradoxically blocks cancer cell motility and invasion abilities, preventing cancer spread. The study's findings suggest targeting AKT may increase cells' properties of motility and invasiveness.
Researchers found a higher rate of pelvic fractures in women who received pelvic irradiation for cancer compared to those who did not. The study, which included 6,428 women aged 65 years and older, showed a significant increase in fracture risk for all three types of cancer diagnoses.
A study analyzing follow-up data from the SYNERGY trial found that enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin had similar death or nonfatal MI rates at six months, but mortality at one year was similar. Patients with high-risk ACS features remain at risk for continued adverse cardiac morbidity and mortality.
Researchers used MRI to study canine cranial nerves, enabling earlier disease recognition and imaging of nerve nuclei. The study sheds light on the challenges of identifying small nerves using conventional imaging modalities.
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) is providing $10 million in grants to 12 US universities to develop innovative graduate education programs. The programs aim to produce scientists with knowledge and skills to conduct research at the intersection of biomedical, physical, and computational sciences.
A new study has identified a key regulator of spindle orientation in mammals, essential for neural development. The discovery sheds light on the complex process of neural stem cell division and its impact on brain structure and function.
The study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to detect an increase in blood flow to the prefrontal cortex in individuals subjected to stress. The results showed that the effects of stress are more persistent than previously thought, remaining even when the stressor was removed.
Engineers use new anechoic wind tunnel to study and reduce airframe noise caused by plane wings, flaps, and landing gear. The $400,000 facility helps address increasing noise-related problems with growing air travel worldwide.
Researchers have determined the structure of pre-fibril assemblies, smaller assemblies that may be toxic culprits in Alzheimer's disease. The findings provide a new clue to understanding how these molecules interact and may lead to designing molecules that prevent misfolding proteins.
The Florida State University magnet lab has collaborated with Keithley Instruments to develop a more accurate system for measuring extremely small currents and voltages. The new AC and DC Precision Current Source with Nanovoltmeter will help engineers create breakthrough consumer products and medical devices.
The study found that ischemia triggers NMDA receptors, which activate CaMKII, enhancing ASIC1a's sensitivity to acid. This increased sensitivity causes calcium overload leading to neuronal death. Drugs inhibiting NMDAR or CaMKII prevented this damage.
Researchers found that women who underwent radiation therapy for anal and rectal cancer had nearly double the rate of fractures compared to those without radiation therapy. The study also found that most fractures (90%) were hip fractures, highlighting the need for preventive measures.
Researchers examine how laughter evolved over 7 million years, from promoting community play in apes to humans using it for social control and ridicule
Researchers at Queen's University have identified genes affected by methotrexate (MTX), a cancer-fighting drug that causes birth defects in children. The study uses fruit flies as a model system to understand the effects of MTX on mammalian birth defects.
Vakalis receives award for his contributions to developing and implementing educational materials for Computational Engineering and Sciences. He aims to make students aware of the beauty and practical use of computational science, highlighting its intersection with mathematics and science.
A recent study found that tiny amounts of virus-laden blood leak from placentas to babies during labor, leading to a significant risk of HIV transmission. Researchers suggest that pregnant women start taking anti-retroviral drugs before going into labor as a potential solution.
Researchers found that people with mildly depressed symptoms are more perceptive of their social environment than those without. They can identify subtle cues, such as eye expressions, to gauge others' emotions and mental states.
Brown University researchers have created a directly pumped silicon laser by altering its atomic structure using nanoscale drilling. The achievement opens up new possibilities for the electronics and communications industries, enabling faster and more powerful computers or fiber optic networks.
The study finds that unit bias affects how people perceive and consume food, with smaller portions being just as satisfying. The researchers believe this bias is culturally derived and plays a significant role in the French eating less than Americans.
Researchers found a link between placental microtransfusions and HIV transmission in mothers, particularly during vaginal delivery. The study suggests that better understanding of microtransfusions could lead to more effective treatments for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that children who experienced early neglect have lower levels of vasopressin, a hormone essential for recognizing familiar individuals. This hormonal imbalance may contribute to difficulties in forming secure relationships later in life.
A 12-week study found that Viagra significantly improved erectile function, self-esteem, and quality of life for men with ED and LUTS associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Men experienced a decrease in both irritative and obstructive BPH symptoms.
A four-year study will investigate the effectiveness of two behavioral interventions for adults with Tourette syndrome, with a focus on tic severity. The study complements an existing research program that explores similar treatments in children, funded by NIH.
Researchers found that up to 70 percent of the water inside rapidly growing bacterial cells was generated by metabolism. This challenge to prevailing wisdom may lead to new methods for detecting fast-growing cancer cells or studying metabolic changes in obese individuals. The study's findings use stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry ...
A study found a significant association between gingivitis and preterm birth, suggesting that periodontal disease is an independent risk factor for preterm birth. Periodontal therapy reduced preterm birth rates by 68% in pregnant women with pregnancy-associated gingivitis.
Research by University of Alberta's Dr. Michael Haan found that immigrants' housing rates dropped in the last few years, while those born in the country increased their homeownership rates. The decline may be linked to diminished labour market fortunes, discrimination, and decreasing median wealth among immigrant groups.
Patients with severe chronic illnesses in British Columbia experienced more physician visits, fewer prescriptions filled, and increased hospital admissions during periods of cost-sharing. The study's findings suggest that the policy may be detrimental to patients' health.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered that reducing p53 protein activity in neurons can increase lifespan in fruit flies by 58%, a finding that suggests a potential mechanism for slowing aging through the caloric restriction pathway.
A USC study reveals that high sugar intake during childhood may play a key role in the development of diabetes in Latino children. The research found that children who consumed more sugary drinks had signs of decreased beta cell function, implying they were heading toward type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found highest increase in Parkinson's risk among highly educated individuals (9+ years of education), while physicians had the greatest increased risk compared to the general population. The study suggests that physical activity may protect against Parkinson's disease, but further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
A study found that positive parenting programs, such as Group Triple P, are highly effective in reducing behavior problems and improving family relationships. The program reduced clinically significant behavior problems by 36% among four-year-old children.
A Saint Louis University study challenges the notion that teenage mothers face a future of failure, finding that early motherhood can have positive effects on their lives. The research highlights the crucial role nurses play in supporting young families and providing resources for education, healthcare, and personal growth.
A study of 24 patients found that MRI with an endorectal coil at 1.5T outperforms conventional body coils in staging prostate cancer. The results suggest a need for advances in coil technology to improve imaging at higher field strengths.
Researchers discovered that disrupting p53 activity in neurons extends lifespan and increases stress resistance in adult fruit flies. The study suggests that targeting p53 activity in different cell types may offer a way to prevent tumors while preserving healthy aging.
Innovative manufacturers in Georgia report higher returns on sales, pay better wages, and are less likely to lose work to outsourcing. Nearly half of companies have introduced new or improved products between 2002 and 2004, with those doing so accounting for nearly 20% of sales.
A critical television documentary about a commonly prescribed birth control pill, Diane-35, led to a significant drop in its use. The study found that over 45% of women who received the medication had no recorded history of acne.
A randomized controlled trial has validated a brief version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-7) for measuring depression severity in primary care settings. The findings suggest that this shorter scale is accurate and can be used by physicians in clinical practice.
A study published in Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery found that toddlers with sleep apnea are more likely to experience respiratory problems when sleeping on their backs. The research contradicts previous findings, suggesting that body position may play a role in the severity of OSAS in young children.
Two studies found that CO2 senses are crucial for fungi C. albicans and C. neoformans to adapt to different environments. The enzymes adenylyl cyclases mediate CO2-dependent filamentation and capsule biosynthesis in these pathogens.
Researchers found that intuitive eaters had a significantly lower body mass index and higher levels of high-density lipoproteins compared to restrictive dieters. Intuitive eating was also correlated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, suggesting a healthier relationship with food and weight management.
David Eidelberg receives the prestigious Fred Springer Award for his work on mapping brain pathways and developing new diagnostic techniques. The award recognizes his pioneering efforts in viewing the brain at work, early diagnosis, and predicting treatment responses.
Research by Dr. Mark Boyce found that removing one egg from a whooping crane nest increases the probability of nest success, leading to an increase in population numbers and establishment of new populations. The program has been successful in enhancing the conservation of the species, with over 200 birds currently thriving.
A retrospective chart review of 60 children aged three and younger found that supine sleep increases respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) episodes. The study highlights the importance of considering body position in diagnosing and managing sleep disorders in pediatric patients.
A new guidance system automates electrode placement in DBS surgery, reducing operating times by up to 80% and improving patient outcomes. The system uses a 3D brain atlas to predict target locations, allowing neurosurgeons to hit the mark on their first try.